1680s

The 1680s decade ran from January 1, 1680, to December 31, 1689.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	16th century 17th century 18th century
Decades:	1660s 1670s 1680s 1690s 1700s
Years:	1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 1689
Categories:	Births Deaths By country By topic Establishments Disestablishments

Events[edit]

1680

January–June[edit]

• January 2 – King Amangkurat II of Mataram personally stabs Trunajaya, who had led a failed rebellion against Mataram, during a ceremonial visit.
• February – Rev. Ralph Davenant’s will provides for foundation of the Davenant Foundation School for poor boys in Whitechapel, in the East End of London.
• May – The volcano Krakatoa erupts, probably on a relatively small scale.
• June – Elizabeth Cellier, an English Catholic midwife, is tried and acquitted of treason for pamphleting against the government.

July–December[edit]

• July 8 – The first documented tornado in America kills a servant at Cambridge, Massachusetts.
• August 20 (August 10 Old Style) – The settlement of Karlskrona in Sweden is founded,^[1] as the Royal Swedish Navy relocates there.
• August 21 – Pueblo Revolt: Pueblo Indians capture Santa Fe (New Mexico) from the Spanish.
• August 24 – Comédie-Française is founded by decree of Louis XIV of France as La maison de Molière in Paris.
• October 9 – A massive earthquake that registered a magnitude of 9 M_w destroyed part of Málaga and other cities in the province of the same name.^[2]
• November 14 – The Great Comet of 1680 is first sighted.
• November 17 – Whigs organize processions to burn effigies of the Pope in London.

Date unknown[edit]

• Chambers of Reunion (French courts under Louis XIV) decide on the complete annexation of Alsace.
• The first Portuguese governor is appointed to Macau.
• The Riksdag of the Estates in Sweden enacts the Great Reduction, under which fiefs granted to the Swedish nobility are returned to the Crown, and the country becomes an absolute monarchy under King Charles XI.

1681[edit]

January–June[edit]

• January 3 – The Treaty of Bakhchisarai is signed, between the Ottoman vassal Crimean Khanate and the Russian Empire.
• March 4 – Charles II of England grants a land charter to William Penn, for the area that will later become Pennsylvania.
• April – Following the death of its last count, the Palatinate-Landsberg passes to the King of Sweden.
• May 15 – The Canal du Midi in France is opened officially, as the Canal Royal de Languedoc.^[3]

July–December[edit]

• July 1 – Oliver Plunkett, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland, falsely convicted in June of treason, is hanged, drawn and quartered at Tyburn, London, the last Catholic martyr to die in England;^[4] he is canonised in 1975.
• July 23 – The Bombardment of Chios during the French-Tripolitania War (1681-1685) is part of a wider campaign by France against the Barbary Pirates in the 1680s.
• August – English sea captain Robert Knox of the East India Company escapes prison in Ceylon, and details his adventures across Kandy, and life in the kingdoms of the Tamil country Vanni, in his book An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon.
• August 12 – Ahom King Gadadhar Singha (or Gadapani), who takes the Tai name Supaatphaa, ascends the throne.
• August 31 – English perjurer Titus Oates is told to leave his state apartments in Whitehall; his fame begins to wane, and he is soon arrested and imprisoned for sedition.
• September 30 – France annexes the city of Strasbourg (German: Strassburg), previously a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire.
• December – Wu Shifan, grandson of Chinese general Wu Sangui, commits suicide in Yunnan province, ending the 8-year Revolt of the Three Feudatories against Qing dynastyauthority in China, at this time led by the Kangxi Emperor.
• December 22 – King Charles II of England signs a warrant for the building of the Royal Hospital Chelsea in London for wounded and retired soldiers.

Date unknown[edit]

• Collections are made in England for needy French refugees.
• Havertown and Bryn Mawr are founded in Pennsylvania by Welsh Quakers.
• The bell Emmanuel in Notre-Dame de Paris is recast.
• The Port of Honfleur, France, is re-modelled by Abraham Duquesne.
• The basilica of Santa Maria della Salute in Venice, designed by Baldassare Longhena in 1631, is dedicated.

1682[edit]

January–June[edit]

• March 11 – Work begins on construction of the Royal Hospital Chelsea for old soldiers in London, England.^[5]
• March 22 – A fire breaks out in Newmarket, Suffolk, consuming half the town and spreading into sections of surrounding Cambridgeshire. Historian Laurence Echard describes it later as “A Providential Fire”, noting that King Charles II “by the approach of the fury of the flames was immediately driven out of his own palace”, and, after moving to safety in another section of town, was forced to flee again “when the wind, as conducted by an invisible power, suddenly changed about, and blew the smoke and cinders directly on his new lodgings, and in a moment made them as untenable as the other.”^[6]
• April 7 – René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, exploring rivers in America, reaches the mouth of the Mississippi River.
• April 9 – At the mouth of the Mississippi River, near modern Venice, Louisiana, Robert de La Salle buries an engraved plate and a cross, claiming the territory as La Louisiane for France.
• May 6 – Louis XIV of France moves his court to Versailles.
• May 7 – The reign of Peter the Great officially begins in Russia.
• May 11 – Moscow Uprising of 1682: A mob takes over the Kremlin and lynches the leading boyars and military commanders.

July–December[edit]

• July 19 – Iyasus succeeds his father Yohannes I as Emperor of Ethiopia.
• August 12 – Vesuvius begins a period of volcanic activity lasting for 10 days.
• August 25 – Following the Bideford witch trial, three women become the last known to be hanged for witchcraft in England, at Exeter.^[7]
• September 14 – Bishop Gore School is founded in Swansea, Wales.
• September – A comet is observed, which later becomes known as Comet Halley, after Edmond Halley successfully predicts that it will return in 1758.
• October 12 – Sultan Mehmed IV departs Istanbul for Adrianople.
• October 19 – Kara Mustafa departs with the Ottoman army to Adrianople.
• October 27 – The city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is founded by William Penn.
• November 22 – Nearly 1,000 houses in Wapping, London are destroyed in a fire.^[6]

Date unknown[edit]

• Celia Fiennes, noblewoman and traveller, begins her journeys across Britain, in a venture that will prove to be her life’s work. Her aim is to chronicle the towns, cities and great houses of the country. Her travels continue until at least 1712, and will take her to every county in England, though the main body of her journal is not written until the year 1702.
• The Richard Wall House, believed to be the longest continuously-inhabited residence in the US, is built in Pennsylvania.

1683[edit]

January–June[edit]

• April 10 – Charles V, Duke of Lorraine is appointed commander of the Imperial Army (Holy Roman Empire).
• May 3 – Sultan Mehmed IV enters Belgrade.
• May 24 – The Ashmolean Museum opens in Oxford (England), as the world’s first university museum.
• June 12 – The Rye House Plot to assassinate Charles II of England is discovered.^[8]

July–December[edit]

• July 8 – Qing dynasty Chinese admiral Shi Lang leads 300 ships with 20,000 troops out of Tongshan, Fujian, and sails towards the Kingdom of Tungning, in modern-day Taiwanand Penghu, in order to quell the kingdom in the name of Qing.
• July 14 – A 173,000-man Ottoman force arrives at Vienna, and starts to besiege the city.
• July 16–17 – Battle of Penghu: Qing Chinese admiral Shi Lang defeats the naval forces of Zheng Keshuang decisively.
• September 5 – Qing Chinese admiral Shi Lang receives the formal surrender of Zheng Keshuang, ushering in the collapse of the Kingdom of Tungning, which is then incorporated into the Qing Empire.
• September 12 – Battle of Vienna: The Ottoman siege of the city is broken with the arrival of a force of 70,000 Poles, Austrians and Germans under Polish–Lithuanian king Jan III Sobieski, whose cavalry turns their flank (considered to be the turning point in the Ottoman Empire’s fortunes).^[9]
• October 3 – Shi Lang reaches Taiwan and occupies modern-day Kaohsiung.
• October 6 – Germantown, Philadelphia is founded as the first permanent German settlement in North America (in 1983 U.S. President Ronald Reagan declares a 300th Year Celebration, and in 1987, it becomes an annual holiday, German-American Day).
• October 9 (possible date) – Louis XIV of France makes a morganatic marriage with Madame de Maintenon in a secret ceremony following the death on July 30 of his queen consort, Maria Theresa of Spain.^[10]
• November 1 – The English crown colony of New York is subdivided into 12 counties.
• December – The River Thames in England freezes, allowing a frost fair to be held.

Date unknown[edit]

• Wild boars are hunted to extinction in Britain.^[8]

1684[edit]

January–June[edit]

• January – Edmond Halley, Christopher Wren and Robert Hooke have a conversation in which Hooke later claimed not only to have derived the inverse-square law, but also all the laws of planetary motion.
• January 5 – King Charles II of England gives the title Duke of St Albans to Charles Beauclerk, his illegitimate son by Nell Gwyn.
• January 26 – Marcantonio Giustinian is elected Doge of Venice.
• March – The severe frost in Britain, which started the previous December, ends, during which the River Thames was frozen in London and the sea as far as 2 miles (3.2 km) out from land froze over (there has been great loss of beast and of wildlife, especially birds, and similar reports from across Northern Europe).^[11] The Chipperfield’s Circus dynasty has begun with James Chipperfield introducing performing animals to the country at the Frost Fair on the Thames in London.
• April 25 – Morean War: The Republic of Venice declares war on the Ottoman Empire.

July–December[edit]

• July 21–August 6 – Morean War: Siege of Santa Maura – The Republic of Venice captures the Ottoman island fortress of Santa Maura.
• July 24 – René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle sails again from France, with a large expedition designed to establish a French colony on the Gulf of Mexico, at the mouth of the Mississippi River.
• August – Edmond Halley goes to Cambridge to discuss the problem of planetary motion with Isaac Newton.
• August 15
  • France under Louis XIV makes the Truce of Ratisbon separately with the Holy Roman Empire (Habsburg) and Spain.
  • Louis XIV decrees the foundation of the Maison royale de Saint-Louis, a boarding school for girls at Saint-Cyr, at the urging of Madame de Maintenon.
• September 21 – Morean War: The Republic of Venice captures the fortress town of Preveza from the Ottoman Empire.
• October 7 – Japanese Chief Minister Hotta Masatoshi is assassinated, leaving Shōgun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi without any adequate advisors, leading him to issue impractical edicts and create hardships for the Japanese people.
• December – The Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal War, beginning in 1679, ends.
• December 10 – Isaac Newton’s derivation of Kepler’s laws from his theory of gravity, contained in the paper De motu corporum in gyrum, is read to the Royal Society by Edmond Halley.

Date unknown[edit]

• Pope Innocent XI forms a Holy League with the Habsburg Empire, Venice and Poland, to end Ottoman Turkish rule in Europe.
• Japanese poet Ihara Saikaku composes 23,500 verses in 24 hours at the Sumiyoshi-taisha (shrine) at Osaka; the scribes cannot keep pace with his dictation and just count the verses.
• The predecessor of the University of Tokyo (formally chartered in 1877) is established in Japan.
• The British East India Company receives Chinese permission to build a trading station at Canton. Tea sells in Europe for less than a shilling a pound, but the import duty of 5 shillings makes it too expensive for most English people to afford; hence smuggled tea is drunk much more than legally imported tea.
• John Bunyan publishes the second part of The Pilgrim’s Progress.

1685[edit]

January–June[edit]

• February 6 – Catholic James Stuart, Duke of York, becomes King James II of England and Ireland, and King James VII of Scotland, in succession to his brother Charles II (1660–1685), King of England, Scotland, and Ireland since 1660. James II and VII reigns until deposed, in 1688.
• February 20 – René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, intending to establish a colony near the mouth of the Mississippi River, lands with 200 surviving colonists at Matagorda Bay on the Texas coast, believing the Mississippi near. He establishes Fort St. Louis.^[12]
• February–March – Morean War (part of the Great Turkish War): The Ottoman serasker Halil Pasha invades the Mani Peninsula, and forces it to surrender hostages.
• March – Louis XIV of France passes the Code Noir, allowing the full use of slaves in the French colonies.
• May 7 – Morean War – Battle on Vrtijeljka: Advancing Ottoman forces prevail over defending Venetian irregulars, on a hill in the Sanjak of Montenegro.
• May 11 – The Killing Time: Five Covenanters in Wigtown, Scotland, notably Margaret Wilson, are executed for refusing to swear an oath declaring King James of England, Scotland and Ireland as head of the church, becoming the Wigtown martyrs.^[13]
• June 11 – Monmouth Rebellion: James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, illegitimate son of King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland, lands at Lyme Regis with an invasion force brought from the Netherlands, to challenge his uncle, James II, for the Crown of England.^[14]
• June 20 – Monmouth Rebellion: James, Duke of Monmouth declares himself at Taunton to be King, and heir to his father’s Kingdoms as James II of England and Ireland, and James VII of Scotland.^[14]

July–December[edit]

• July 6 – Monmouth Rebellion: In the Battle of Sedgemoor, the last pitched battle fought on English soil, the armies of King James II of England defeat rebel forces under James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, and capture the Duke himself shortly after the battle.
• July 15 – James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, is executed at Tower Hill, London, England.
• August 11 – Morean War: The Republic of Venice captures the fortress of Koroni from the Ottoman Empire; its garrison is massacred.
• August 25 – The Bloody Assizes begin in Winchester: Lord Chief Justice of England George Jeffreys tries over 1000 of Monmouth’s rebels and condemns them to death or transportation.
• September 14 – Morean War: The Republic of Venice defeats an Ottoman army at Kalamata.
• September – The first organised street lighting is introduced in London, England, with oil lamps to be lit outside every tenth house on moonless winter nights.
• October 22 – Louis XIV issues the Edict of Fontainebleau, which revokes the Edict of Nantes and declares Protestantism illegal, thereby depriving Huguenots of civil rights. Their Temple de Charenton-le-Pont is immediately demolished and many flee to England, Prussia and elsewhere.
• November 11 – Morean War: The Republic of Venice captures the fortress town of Igoumenitsa from the Ottoman Empire, and razes it to the ground.

Date unknown[edit]

• The Chinese army of the Qing dynasty attacks a Russian post at Albazin, during the reigns of the Kangxi Emperor and the dual Russian rulers Ivan V of Russia and Peter I of Russia. The event leads to the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689.^[15]
• Adam Baldridge finds a pirate base at Île Sainte-Marie, Madagascar.
• The Old Dutch Church of Sleepy Hollow in the State of New York is constructed by the original Dutch settlers (later to become famous as the site of the rampage of the “Headless Horseman” spirit in the novel The Legend of Sleepy Hollow).

1686[edit]

January–June[edit]

• May 4 – The Municipality of Ilagan is founded in the Philippines.
• May 6 – The Treaty of Perpetual Peace (1686) is signed between the Tsardom of Russia and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, recognizing the former’s possession of Left-bank Ukraine and the city of Kiev, as agreed upon in the earlier Treaty of Andrusovo in 1667. The treaty also brings the Tsardom of Russia into the Great Turkish War, on the side of the Holy League of 1684.
• May 14 – Joseph Dudley formally begins his tenure, as President of the Council of the newly formed Dominion of New England.

July–December[edit]

• July – The Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg) is founded, in response to claims made by Louis XIV of France on the Electorate of the Palatinate in western Germany. It comprises the Holy Roman Empire, the Netherlands, Sweden, Spain, the electors of Bavaria, Saxony and the Electorate of the Palatinate.
• July 17 – King James II of England appoints four Roman Catholics to the Privy Council of England,^[16] in defiance of the Test Acts, which bar Catholics from public office. Suspicions about James’s intentions lead to a group of conspirators meeting at Charborough House in Dorset, to plan his overthrow and replacement with the Protestant Dutch Stadtholder, William III of Orange-Nassau (James’s son-in-law).
• July 22 – New York City and Albany, New York, are granted city charters by the colonial governor.
• September 2 – Great Turkish War: Battle of Buda – Imperial forces of the Holy League of 1684 (Russia, Saxony, Brandenburg and Bavaria under Austrian leadership) liberate Buda from Ottoman Turkish rule (leading to the end of Ottoman rule in Hungary during subsequent years).
• September 30 – The Ottoman fortress of Sinj in Dalmatia falls to the army of the Republic of Venice.

Date unknown[edit]

• The Swedish Church Law 1686 confirms and describes the rights of the Lutheran Church and confirms Sweden as a Lutheran state: all non-Lutherans are banned from immigration unless they convert to Lutheranism; the Romani people are to be incorporated to the Lutheran Church; the poor care law is regulated; and all parishes are forced by law to teach the children within them to read and write, in order to learn the scripture, which closely eradicates illiteracy in Sweden.^[17]
• A hurricane saves Charleston, South Carolina from attack by Spanish vessels.
• English historian and naturalist Robert Plot publishes The Natural History of Staffordshire, a collection of illustrations and texts detailing the history of the county. It is the first document known to mention crop circles and a double sunset.
• The Café Procope, which remains in business in the 21st century, is opened in Paris by Procopio Cutò, as a coffeehouse.

1687[edit]

January–June[edit]

• March 19 – The men under explorer Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle mutiny, and Pierre Duhaut murders him, while searching for the mouth of the Mississippi River.
• April 4 – King James II of England issues the Declaration of Indulgence (or Declaration for the Liberty of Conscience), suspending laws against Roman Catholics and nonconformists.^[18]
• April 23 – Ignatius George II becomes Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch (or April 22).^[19][20]
• May 6 – Emperor Higashiyama succeeds Emperor Reigen, on the throne of Japan.

July–December[edit]

• July 11 – Isaac Newton’s Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, known as the Principia, is published by the Royal Society of London. In it, Newton describes his theory of universal gravitation, explains the laws of mechanics, and gives a formula for the speed of sound. The writing of Principia Mathematica ushers in a tidal wave of changes in thought, significantly accelerating the scientific revolution by providing new and practical intellectual tools, and becomes the foundation of modern physics.
• July 24 – Morean War – Battle of Patras: The Republic of Venice defeats the Ottomans, which flee in panic, allowing the Venetians to capture the fortresses of Patras, Rio, Antirrio, and Lepanto unopposed.
• August 12 – Great Turkish War – Battle of Mohács: The Habsburg imperial army, and allies under Charles V, Duke of Lorraine, defeat the Ottoman Turks, and enable Austria to conquer most of Ottoman-occupied Hungary.
• September – Morean War: The navy of the Republic of Venice raids the Dalmatian coast, and attacks Ottoman Turkish strongholds in Greece.
• September 23–29 – Morean War: Venetian forces under Francesco Morosini besiege the Ottoman garrison in the Acropolis of Athens. The Temple of Athena Nike is demolished, the Propylaea suffer damage, and half the Parthenon is destroyed, when a cannon ball hits a powder magazine there on 26 September.
• November 8 – Suleiman II succeeds the deposed Mehmed IV, as Ottoman Emperor.
• December 31 – In response to the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, a group of Huguenots set sail from France, and settle in the recently established Dutch colony at the Cape of Good Hope, where, using their native skills, they establish the first South African vineyards.

1688[edit]

January–June[edit]

• March – William Dampier makes the first recorded visit to Christmas Island.
• March 1 – A great fire devastates Bungay, England.
• April 3 – Francesco Morosini becomes Doge of Venice.
• April 10 – Morean War: The Venetian forces under Francesco Morosini evacuate Athens and Piraeus.
• April 18 (Julian calendar) – The Germantown Quaker Protest Against Slavery is drafted by four Germantown Quakers.
• April 29 – Friedrich Wilhelm, the Great Elector of Brandenburg-Prussia, dies. Friedrich III becomes Elector of Brandenburg-Prussia until 1701, when he becomes the first King of Prussia, as Friedrich I.
• May 4 – King James II of England orders his Declaration of Indulgence, suspending penal laws against Catholics, to be read from every Anglican pulpit in England. The Church of England and its staunchest supporters, the peers and gentry, are outraged; on June 8 the Archbishop of Canterbury, William Sancroft, is imprisoned in the Tower of London for refusing to proclaim it.
• May 10 – King Narai of Ayutthaya nominates Princess Sudawadi as his successor, with Constantine Phaulkon, Mom Pi and Phetracha acting as joint regents.
• May 17 – The arrest of King Narai of Ayutthaya launches a coup d’état.
• June 5 – Constantine Phaulkon is arrested; he is later beheaded.
• June 10 – The birth of James Francis Edward Stuart (later known as the Old Pretender), son and heir to James II of England and his Catholic wife Mary of Modena, at St James’s Palace in London, increases public disquiet about a Catholic dynasty, particularly when the baby is baptised into the Catholic faith. Rumours about his true maternity swiftly begin to circulate.
• June 24 – French forces under Chevalier de Beauregard abandon their garrison at Mergui, following repeated Siamese attacks; this ultimately leads to their withdrawal from the country.
• June 30 – A high-powered conspiracy of notables (the Immortal Seven) invite Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange and Princess Mary to “defend the liberties of England”, and depose King James VII and II.

July–December[edit]

• July 13 – The siege of Negroponte by the Venetians begins.
• August 1 – Phetracha becomes king of Ayutthaya, after a coup d’état.
• August 27 – The funding of the armed invasion of William III in England causes a financial crisis in the Dutch Republic.^[21]
• September 6 – Great Turkish War: The Habsburg army captures Belgrade.
• October 21 – The Venetians raise the siege of Negroponte.
• October 27 – King James II of England dismisses his minister Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland.
• November 11 (November 1 OS) – Glorious Revolution: William III of Orange sets sail a second time from Hellevoetsluis, the Netherlands, to take over England, Scotland and Ireland from King James II of England.
• November 15 (November 5 OS) – The Glorious Revolution begins: William of Orange lands at Torbay, England with a multinational force of 15,000 mercenaries. He makes no claim to the British Crown, saying only that he has come to save Protestantism and to maintain English liberty, and begins a march on London.
• November 19 (November 9 OS) – William of Orange captures Exeter, after the magistrates flee the city.
• November 20 (November 10 OS) – The Wincanton Skirmish between forces loyal to James II led by Patrick Sarsfield and a party of Dutch troops is one of the few armed clashes in England during the Glorious Revolution.
• November 23 – A group of 1,500 Old Believers immolate themselves to avoid capture, when troops of the tsar lay siege to their monastery on Lake Onega.
• November 26 – Hearing that William of Orange has landed in England, Louis XIV declares war on the Netherlands. Perhaps revealingly, he does not attack the Netherlands, but instead strikes at the heart of the Holy Roman Empire, with about 100,000 soldiers. The Nine Years’ War begins in Europe and America.
• December 7 –

  

  December 7: The shutting of the gates in Derry in a stained glass window of the Guildhall^[22]

  The gates of Derry are shut in front of the Jacobite Earl of Antrim and his “redshanks”. This initiates the siege of Derry, which is the first major event in the Williamite War in Ireland.

• December 9 – The Battle of Reading takes place in Reading, Berkshire. It is the only substantial military action in England during the Glorious Revolution and ends in a decisive victory for forces loyal to William of Orange.
• December 11 – Having led his army to Salisbury and been deserted by his troops, James VII and II attempts to flee to France.
• December 18 – William of Orange enters London.

Date unknown[edit]

• The Austrians incite the Chiprovtsi Uprising, against the Ottomans in Bulgaria.
• Edward Lloyd opens the London coffee house that soon becomes a popular meeting place for shipowners, merchants, insurance brokers and underwriters. In time the business association they form will outgrow the coffee house premises, and become Lloyd’s of London.
• Neuruppin becomes a Prussian garrison town.
• Johann Weikhard von Valvasor becomes a member of the Royal Society.
• Antonio Verrio begins work on the Heaven Room at Burghley House.
• The earliest known mention of the balalaika is made.

1689[edit]

January–June[edit]

• January 11 (January 22 O.S.) – Glorious Revolution in England: The Convention Parliament is convened to determine if King James II of England, the last Roman Catholic British monarch, vacated the throne when he fled to France, at the end of 1688. The settlement of this is agreed on 8 February.^[23]
• February 23 (February 13 O.S.) – William III and Mary II are proclaimed co-rulers of England, Scotland and Ireland.^[23]
• March 2 – Nine Years’ War: As French forces leave, they set fire to Heidelberg Castle, and the nearby town of Heidelberg.
• March 22 (March 12 O.S.) – Start of the Williamite War in Ireland: The deposed James II of England lands with 6,000 French soldiers in Ireland, where there is a Catholic majority, hoping to use it as the base for a counter-coup.^[24] However, many Irish Catholics see him as an agent of Louis XIV of France, and refuse to support him.
• March 27 – Japanese haiku master Bashō sets out on his last great voyage, which will result in the prose and verse classic Oku no Hosomichi (“Narrow Road to the Interior”).
• April 11 (O.S.) – William III and Mary II are crowned in London as King and Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland.^[5] Ireland does not recognise them yet, while the Estates of Scotland declare King James VII of Scotland deposed.
• April 18
  • Boston revolt: Unpopular New England Governor Sir Edmund Andros and other officials are overthrown by a “mob” of Bostonians. Andros, an appointee of James II of England, is disliked for his support of the Church of England, and revocation of various colonial charters.
  • Williamite War in Ireland: Siege of Derry: James II arrives at the gates of Derry and asks for its surrender, which is refused by the Protestant defenders.^[25]
• May 11 (May 1 O.S.) – Williamite War in Ireland – Battle of Bantry Bay: The French fleet under the Marquis de Châteaurenault is able to protect its transports, unloading supplies for James II, from the English Royal Navy under the Earl of Torrington, and withdraws unpursued.^[26]
• May 12 – Nine Years’ War: With England and the Netherlands now both ruled by William III, they join the Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg), thus escalating the conflict, which continues until 1697. This is also the effective beginning of King William’s War, the first of four North American Wars (until 1763) between English and French colonists, both sides allied to Native American tribes. The nature of the fighting is a series of raids on each other’s settlements, across the Canadian and New England borders.
• May 24 – The Bill of Rights establishes constitutional monarchy in England, but with Roman Catholics barred from the throne. Parliament also passes the Act of Toleration, protecting Protestants but with Roman Catholics intentionally excluded. This effectively concludes the Glorious Revolution.
• May 25 – The last hearth tax is collected in England and Wales.
• May 31 – Leisler’s Rebellion: Calvinist Jacob Leisler deposes lieutenant governor Francis Nicholson and assumes control of the Province of New York.

July–December[edit]

• July 25 – The Council of Wales and the Marches is abolished.
• July 27 – First Jacobite rising: Battle of Killiecrankie near Pitlochry in Perthshire – Scottish Covenanter supporters of William III and Mary II (under Hugh Mackay) are defeated by Jacobite supporters of James II, but the latter’s leader, John Graham, Viscount Dundee, is killed. Hand grenades are used in action.^[27]
• July 28 – English sailors break through a floating boom across the River Foyle, to end the siege of Derry after 105 days.^[28]
• August 2 – Boston Revolt: Edmund Andros, former governor of the Dominion of New England, escapes from Boston to Connecticut, but is recaptured.
• August 5 – Beaver Wars: Lachine massacre – A force of 1,500 Iroquois largely destroys the village of Lachine, New France.
• August 12 – Innocent XI (Benedetto Odescalchi, b. 1611), Pope since 1676, dies. He played a major part in founding both the League of Augsburg, against Louis XIV, and the Holy League, against the Ottoman Empire.
• August 20 – A large Williamite force under Marshal Schomberg begins the siege of Carrickfergus in the north of Ireland, which surrenders on August 27.
• August 21 – First Jacobite rising: Battle of Dunkeld – Covenanters defeat the Jacobites in Scotland.^[29]
• August 27 – China and Russia sign the Treaty of Nerchinsk.
• October 6 – Pope Alexander VIII succeeds Pope Innocent XI, to become the 241st pope, the first Venetian to hold the office in over 200 years.
• October 26 – Skopje fire of 1689 occurred lasting for two days burning much of the Jewish quarter of the city.
• November 22 – Peter the Great decrees the construction of the Great Siberian Road to China.
• December 16 – Convention Parliament – The English Bill of Rights is officially declared in force.

Date unknown[edit]

• Peter the Great plots to overthrow his half-sister Sophia, as regent of Russia.
• Supporters of William of Orange seize Liverpool Castle.^[30]
• The English East India Company expands its influence, with the establishment of administrative districts called presidencies in the Indian provinces of Bengal, Madras and Bombay, the effective beginning of the company’s long rule in India.^{[citation needed]}
• Valvasor’s The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola is printed in Nuremberg.

Births[edit]

1680

• January 23 – Joseph Ames, English author (d. 1759)
• February 14 – John Sidney, 6th Earl of Leicester, English privy councillor (d. 1737)
• February 23 – Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville, French colonizer and Governor of Louisiana (d. 1767)
• April 9 – Philippe Néricault Destouches, French dramatist (d. 1754)
• April 23 – Anna Canalis di Cumiana, morganatic spouse of Victor Amadeus II of Savoy (d. 1769)
• June 22 – Ebenezer Erskine, Scottish religious dissenter (d. 1754)
• September 22 – Barthold Heinrich Brockes, German poet (d. 1747)
• October 19 – John Abernethy, Irish Protestant minister (d. 1740)
• date unknown – Bulleh Shah, Sufi poet (d. 1757)
• date unknown – Julianna Géczy, Hungarian heroine (d. 1714)
• approximate – Edward Teach (Blackbeard), English pirate (d. 1718)

1681

• March 14 – Georg Philipp Telemann, German composer (d. 1767)
• June 26 – Hedvig Sophia of Sweden, Swedish princess (d. 1708)
• August 5 – Vitus Bering, Danish-born Russian explorer (d. 1741)
• September 11 – Johann Gottlieb Heineccius, German jurist (d. 1741)
• September 28 – Johann Mattheson, German composer (d. 1764)
• November 17 – Pierre François le Courayer, French theologian (d. 1776)
• November 28 – Jean Cavalier, French Protestant rebel leader (d. 1740)

1682

• February 25 – Giovanni Battista Morgagni, Italian anatomist (d. 1771)
• April 16 – John Hadley, English inventor (d. 1744)
• May 17 – Bartholomew Roberts, a.k.a. Black Bart, Welsh pirate (d. 1722)
• June 17 – King Charles XII of Sweden (d. 1718)
• July 10 – Roger Cotes, English mathematician (d. 1716)
• August 16 – Louis, duc de Bourgogne, heir to the throne of France (d. 1712)
• October 29 – Pierre François Xavier de Charlevoix, French historian (d. 1761)
• date unknown – Margareta Capsia, Finnish artist (d. 1759)

1683

• January 13 – Christoph Graupner, German composer (d. 1760)
• January 29 – Juan de Galavís, Spanish Catholic Archbishop of Santo Domingo, Bogotá (d. 1739)
• February 4 – Jean-Baptiste Bénard de la Harpe, French explorer of North America (d. 1765)
• February 28 – René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur, French scientist (d. 1757)
• March 1 – Caroline of Ansbach, British queen and regent, wife of George II of Great Britain (d. 1737)
• April 3 – Mark Catesby, English naturalist (d. 1749)
• June 23 – Étienne Fourmont, French orientalist (d. 1745)
• September 7 – Maria Anna of Austria, Archduchess of Austria and queen consort of Portugal (d. 1754)
• September 11 – Farrukhsiyar, Mughal Emperor (d. 1719)
• September 25 – Jean-Philippe Rameau, French composer (d. 1764)
• October 17 – Aixin-Jueluo Yuntang, born Aixin-Jueluo Yintang, Qing prince (d. 1726)
• October 25 – Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton, British politician (d. 1757)
• November 10 – King George II of Great Britain (d. 1760)
• November 30 – Ludwig Andreas von Khevenhüller, Austrian field marshal (d. 1744)
• December 19 – King Philip V of Spain (d. 1746)
• December 27 – Conyers Middleton, English minister (d. 1750)
• date unknown
  • Anna Maria Thelott, Swedish artist (d. 1710)
  • Benedicta Margareta von Löwendal, German industrialist (d. 1776)

1684

• January 1 – Arnold Drakenborch, Dutch classical scholar (d. 1748)
• January 4
  • Henry Coote, 5th Earl of Mountrath, British politician (d. 1720)
  • Henry Grove, English nonconformist minister (d. 1738)
• January 14
  • Johann Matthias Hase, German astronomer, mathematician and cartographer (d. 1742)
  • Jean-Baptiste van Loo, French subject and portrait painter (d. 1745)
• January 18 – Johann David Köhler, German historian (d. 1755)
• January 23 – Christian Rantzau, Danish noble (d. 1771)
• February 16 – Bohuslav Matěj Černohorský, Czech composer (d. 1742)
• February 19 – George Duckett (Calne MP), English politician (d. 1732)
• February 20 – Edward Bayly, Irish politician (d. 1741)
• February 21 – Justus van Effen, Dutch author (d. 1735)
• February 22 – Charles, Count of Armagnac, French noble (d. 1751)
• February 24 – Matthias Braun, Czech sculptor (d. 1738)
• March 2 – Christopher Wandesford, 2nd Viscount Castlecomer, 2nd Viscount Castlecomer and Member of Parliament (d. 1719)
• March 15 – Francesco Durante, Italian composer (d. 1755)
• March 19 – Jean Astruc, French physician and scholar (d. 1766)
• March 21 – Oley Douglas, English Member of Parliament (d. 1719)
• March 22
  • Matthias Bel, Hungarian pastor, polymath (d. 1749)
  • William Pulteney, 1st Earl of Bath, England (d. 1764)
• March 24 – Samuel von Schmettau, Prussian field marshal (d. 1751)
• March 28 – Emperor Tekle Haymanot I of Ethiopia (d. 1708)
• March 31 – Francesco Durante, Neapolitan composer (d. 1755)
• April 2 – Henry Somerset, 2nd Duke of Beaufort (d. 1714)
• April 10 – Joseph Paris Duverney, French banker (d. 1770)
• April 15 – Catherine I of Russia (d. 1727)
• April 25 – Marco Benefial, Italian painter (d. 1764)
• May 2 – William Henry, Prince of Nassau-Usingen, Prince of Nassau-Usingen (1702–1718) (d. 1718)
• May 5 – Françoise Charlotte d’Aubigné, French noble (d. 1739)
• May 23 – Hachisuka Muneteru, Japanese daimyō of the Edo period (d. 1743)
• May 24 – Charles Alexander, Duke of Württemberg, regent of the Kingdom of Serbia (1720–1733) (d. 1737)
• May 27 – Wilhelm Reinhard von Neipperg, Austrian field marshal (d. 1774)
• May 31
  • Timothy Cutler, American Episcopal clergyman, rector of Yale College (d. 1765)
  • Georg Engelhard Schröder, Swedish artist (d. 1750)
• June 4 – Louis Charles, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Franzhagen, German nobleman (d. 1707)
• June 6 – Nathaniel Lardner, English theologian (d. 1768)
• June 15 – Ernest Leopold, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg, German noble (d. 1749)
• June 22 – Francesco Manfredini, Italian Baroque composer (d. 1762)
• July 3 – Jean-Baptiste Baudry, Canadian gunsmith (d. 1755)
• August 22 – Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (1684–1696) (d. 1696)
• August 24 – Sir Robert Munro, 6th Baronet, British politician (d. 1746)
• August 30 – Marguerite de Launay, baronne de Staal, French author (d. 1750)
• September 1 – Jaime Álvares Pereira de Melo, 3rd Duke of Cadaval (d. 1749)
• September 17
  • Henry Cantrell, Anglican clergyman, writer (d. 1773)
  • Elizabeth Hanson, American captive of Native Americans and writer (d. 1737)
• September 18 – Johann Gottfried Walther, German music theorist, organist and composer (d. 1748)
• September 22 – Charles Louis Auguste Fouquet, duc de Belle-Isle, French general and statesman (d. 1761)
• October 2 – Thomas Seaton, British poet (d. 1741)
• October 8 – Karl Aigen, Austrian painter (d. 1762)
• October 9 – Christopher of Baden-Durlach, German prince (d. 1723)
• October 10 – Jean-Antoine Watteau, French painter (d. 1721)
• October 16 – Peter Walkden, English writer (d. 1769)
• October 26 – Kurt Christoph Graf von Schwerin, Prussian Generalfeldmarschall (d. 1757)
• October 28 – Paul Alphéran de Bussan, French bishop (d. 1757)
• November 1 – Mikhail Mikhailovich Golitsyn (admiral), Russian naval officer (d. 1764)
• November 11 – Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset (d. 1750)
• November 12 – Edward Vernon, English naval officer (d. 1757)
• November 15 – Paul-Hippolyte de Beauvilliers, duke of Saint-Aignan, French diplomat and soldier (d. 1776)
• November 16 – Allen Bathurst, 1st Earl Bathurst (d. 1775)
• December 3 – Ludvig Holberg, Norwegian historian and writer (d. 1754)
• December 9 – Abraham Vater, German anatomist (d. 1751)
• December 14 – Siwart Haverkamp, Dutch classical scholar (d. 1742)
• December 15
  • James Jurin, British mathematician, doctor (d. 1750)
  • August Friedrich Müller, German legal scholar, logician (d. 1761)
• December 16 – Samuel Clark of St Albans, British theologian (d. 1750)
• December 20 – Miles Holmwood, “Norway’s undead soldier” (disappears 1721 after victory of the Great Northern War).
• December 21 – Ippolito Desideri, Italian Tibetologist (d. 1733)
• December 31 – William Grimston, 1st Viscount Grimston, Irish noble (d. 1756)
• date unknown
  • Celia Grillo Borromeo, Italian scientist and mathematician (d. 1777)
  • James Figg, first English bare-knuckle boxing champion (d. 1734)

1685

• January 1 – Joseph Burroughs, English minister (d. 1761)
• January 6 – Manuel de Montiano, Spanish colonial administrator (d. 1762)
• January 7
  • Jonas Alströmer, Swedish pioneer of agriculture and industry (d. 1761)
  • George Clifford III, Dutch banker and gardener (d. 1760)
• January 9 – Tiberius Hemsterhuis, Dutch philologist and critic (d. 1766)
• January 24 – Giuseppe Alessandro Furietti, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1764)
• February 6 – Sir John Rushout, 4th Baronet, England (d. 1775)
• February 8 – Charles-Jean-François Hénault, French writer and historian (d. 1770)
• February 9 – Francesco Loredan, Doge of Venice (d. 1762)
• February 10 – Aaron Hill (writer), English dramatist and miscellaneous writer (d. 1750)
• February 12 – George Hadley, English lawyer and amateur meteorologist (d. 1768)
• February 23 – George Frideric Handel, German composer (d. 1759)
• February 24 – Hieronymus Pez, Austrian historian (d. 1762)
• March 2 – Moses Williams (antiquarian), Welsh scholar (d. 1742)
• March 11
  • William Flower, 1st Baron Castle Durrow, Irish politician (d. 1746)
  • Jean-Pierre Nicéron, French encyclopedist (d. 1738)
• March 12 – George Berkeley, Irish philosopher (d. 1753)
• March 13 – Johann Paul Schiffelholz, German Baroque composer (d. 1758)
• March 17 – Jean-Marc Nattier, French painter (d. 1766)
• March 18 – Ralph Erskine (preacher), Scottish churchman (d. 1752)
• March 24 – John Fane, 7th Earl of Westmorland, British politician (d. 1762)
• March 26
  • Germain Louis Chauvelin, French politician (d. 1762)
  • Johann Alexander Thiele, German painter (d. 1752)
• March 27 – Simon Hatley, English sailor (d. 1723)
• March 31 – Johann Sebastian Bach, German composer (d. 1750)
• April 4 – Claude Sallier, French librarian (d. 1761)
• April 18 – Jacques-Pierre de Taffanel de la Jonquière, Marquis de la Jonquière, French admiral, colonial administrator (d. 1752)
• April 24 – Cosimo Imperiali, Italian cardinal (d. 1764)
• April 30 – Hermann Friedrich Teichmeyer, German botanist (d. 1746)
• May 4 – Akdun, Chinese Manchu statesman (d. 1756)
• May 6 – Sophia Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Prussian queen consort (d. 1735)
• May 19 – Neri Maria Corsini, Italian Catholic priest and cardinal (d. 1770)
• June 6 – Spencer Phips, Acting governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (d. 1757)
• June 10 – Harry Grey, 3rd Earl of Stamford, English peer (d. 1739)
• June 11 – Thomas Wedgwood III, English potter, father of Josiah Wedgwood (d. 1739)
• June 14 – Princess Charlotte Wilhelmine of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, countess by marriage of Hanau-Münzenberg (d. 1767)
• June 23 – Antonio Bernacchi, Italian opera singer (d. 1756)
• June 24 – Hans von Lehwaldt, German general (d. 1768)
• June 30
  • John Gay, English writer (d. 1732)
  • Dominikus Zimmermann, German Rococo architect, stuccoist (d. 1766)
• July 3 – Sir Robert Rich, 4th Baronet, British cavalry officer (d. 1768)
• July 22 – Henrik Magnus von Buddenbrock, Swedish general, noble (d. 1743)
• July 28 – Richard Newport (MP) (d. 1716)
• August 6 – Martin Bouquet, French Benedictine monk and historian (d. 1754)
• August 7 – Claude Lamoral, 6th Prince of Ligne, Austrian Field Marshal (d. 1766)
• August 8 – Claude Joseph Geoffroy, brother of Étienne François Geoffroy (d. 1752)
• August 15 – Jacob Theodor Klein, German scholar (d. 1759)
• August 18 – Brook Taylor, English mathematician (d. 1731)
• September 2 – Christiane Charlotte of Nassau-Ottweiler, Countess, later Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg (d. 1761)
• September 3 – Charles Powlett, 3rd Duke of Bolton (d. 1754)
• September 4 – Johann Adolf II, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels (d. 1746)
• September 14 – Didier Diderot, French craftsman (d. 1759)
• September 16 – Daniel Gottlieb Messerschmidt, German scientist (d. 1735)
• September 17
  • Joshua Allen, 2nd Viscount Allen, Irish politician (d. 1742)
  • Charles August, Prince of Nassau-Weilburg, Prince of Nassau-Weilburg (1719-1753) (d. 1753)
  • Robert Marsham, 1st Baron Romney, British politician (d. 1724)
  • Uvedale Tomkins Price, British politician (d. 1764)
• September 20 – Giuseppe Matteo Alberti, Italian Baroque composer and violinist (d. 1751)
• September 29 – George Brudenell, 3rd Earl of Cardigan (d. 1732)
• October 1 – Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1740)
• October 13 – Henri François Le Dran, French surgeon (d. 1770)
• October 15 – Diederik van Domburg, 23rd Governor of Zeylan, during the Dutch period in Ceylon (d. 1736)
• October 21 – George Forbes, 3rd Earl of Granard, English Royal Navy admiral (d. 1765)
• October 26 – Domenico Scarlatti, Italian composer (d. 1757)
• October 28 – Hans Gram (historian), Danish historian (d. 1748)
• October 31 – John Murray, 2nd Earl of Dunmore, Scottish soldier and peer (d. 1752)
• November 3 – François Roettiers, Flemish engraver, medallist, painter, sculptor (d. 1742)
• November 5 – Peter Angelis, French painter (d. 1734)
• November 7
  • Jared Eliot, Connecticut farmer, author on horticulture (d. 1763)
  • Georg Lenck, German musician (d. 1744)
• November 10 – Duncan Forbes, Lord Culloden, Scottish politician, judge (d. 1747)
• November 11
  • Lucrezia Elena Cevoli, Italian Catholic professed religious of the Capuchin Poor Clares (d. 1767)
  • Jean Charles de Saint-Nectaire, French general (d. 1771)
• November 15 – Balthasar Denner, German artist (d. 1749)
• November 17 – Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye, French Canadian military officer (d. 1749)
• November 24 – Princess Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, German noble (d. 1761)
• November 25 – Eiler Hagerup d.e., Norwegian bishop (d. 1743)
• November 29 – John Willes (judge), English lawyer (d. 1761)
• December 6 – Marie Adélaïde of Savoy, wife of Louis, Dauphin of France, Duke of Burgundy (d. 1712)
• December 8 – Johann Maria Farina, Italian-born German perfumier (d. 1766)
• December 12 – Lodovico Giustini, Italian composer (d. 1743)
• December 17 – Thomas Tickell, minor English poet and man of letters (d. 1740)
• date unknown
  • Marie Wulf, Danish Pietist leader (d. 1738)
  • Henri-Guillaume Hamal, Walloon musician and composer (d. 1752)^[31]
  • Aldegonde Jeanne Pauli, banker in the Austrian Netherlands (d. 1761)
  • Mary Read, English-born pirate (d. 1721)^[32]

1686

• January 8 – William Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1703-1723) (d. 1723)
• January 9 – Andrew Michael Ramsay, Scottish writer (d. 1743)
• January 12 – Adam Christian Thebesius, German anatomist (d. 1732)
• January 17 – Archibald Bower, Scottish historian (d. 1766)
• January 23 – Moritz Georg Weidmann, German bookseller (d. 1743)
• January 23 – Carter Alan Turner, Snake breeder
• January 31 – Hans Egede, Dano-Norwegian Lutheran missionary who launched mission efforts to Greenland (d. 1758)
• February 1 – Suzanne Henriette of Lorraine, French noblewoman, Duchess of Mantua and Montferrat (d. 1710)
• February 2 – John Eames, English academic (d. 1744)
• February 10 – Jan Frederik Gronovius, Dutch botanist notable as a patron of Linnaeus (d. 1762)
• February 11 – William Bowles (1686–1748), British politician (d. 1748)
• February 13 – John Churchill, Marquess of Blandford, British noble (d. 1703)
• February 14 – Harry Pulteney, British politician (d. 1767)
• February 16 – Eleonore of Löwenstein-Wertheim, German countess (d. 1753)
• March 17 – Jean-Baptiste Oudry, French painter (d. 1755)
• March 22 – James Hamilton, 7th Earl of Abercorn (d. 1744)
• March 27 – Johann Jakob Quandt, Lutheran theologian, translated the Bible into Lithuanian (d. 1772)
• April 1 – Jan Frans van Bredael, Flemish painter (d. 1750)
• April 8 – Stefano Felice Ficatelli, Italian painter of the late Baroque period (d. 1771)
• April 9 – James Craggs the Younger, English politician (d. 1721)
• April 17 – François Victor Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, French nobleman (d. 1743)
• April 19 – Vasily Tatishchev, Russian statesman, ethnographer (d. 1750)
• April 28 – Michael Brokoff, Czech sculptor (d. 1721)
• April 29 – Peregrine Bertie, 2nd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven (d. 1742)
• May 19 – Samuel-Jacques Bernard (1686–1753), French billionaire (d. 1753)
• May 24 – Gabriel Fahrenheit, German physicist, inventor of the Fahrenheit temperature scale (d. 1736)
• May 25 – William Steuart (Scottish politician) (d. 1768)
• May 30 – Antonina Houbraken, Dutch artist (d. 1736)
• June 5
  • Edward Howard, 9th Duke of Norfolk, British peer (d. 1777)
  • Ignatius of Santhià, Italian Catholic priest (d. 1770)
• June 6 – John Reading (New Jersey governor), Colonial Governor of New Jersey (d. 1767)
• June 7
  • Adolphus Frederick III, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1752)
  • Armand de La Richardie, French missionary (d. 1758)
• June 9 – Andrei Osterman, Russian statesman (d. 1747)
• June 24 – Domenico Montagnana, Italian luthier (d. 1750)
• June 29 – Pietro Paolo Troisi, Maltese artist (d. 1743)
• July 3 – Edward Watson, Viscount Sondes, Member of the Parliament of Great Britain (d. 1722)
• July 5 – Jan Macaré, interim Dutch governor of Ceylon (d. 1742)
• July 6 – Antoine de Jussieu, French naturalist (d. 1758)
• July 9 – Philip Livingston, American politician (d. 1749)
• July 25 – William Hardres, British politician (d. 1736)
• July 27 – Mary Butterworth, American colonial counterfeiter (d. 1775)
• July 31 – Charles, Duke of Berry (1686–1714), grandson of Louis XIV of France (d. 1714)
• July 31 (or August 1) – Benedetto Marcello, Italian composer (d. 1739)
• August 3 – Gervais Baudoin, Canadian physician (d. 1752)
• August 10 – Georg Christian, Fürst von Lobkowitz, Austrian field marshal (d. 1755)
• August 12
  • John Balguy, English divine and philosopher (d. 1748)
  • Bendix Grodtschilling the Youngest, Danish painter (d. 1737)
• August 17 – Nicola Porpora, Neapolitan composer of Baroque operas and teacher of singing (d. 1768)
• August 18 – Peter von Bemmel, German artist (d. 1754)
• August 19
  • Eustace Budgell, English writer and politician (d. 1737)
  • Nicola Porpora, Italian composer (d. 1768)
• August 22 – Albert Schultens, Dutch philologist (d. 1750)
• August 27 – Agostino Cornacchini, Italian sculptor and painter of the Rococo period (d. 1754)
• August 29 – Aloysius Centurione, Italian Jesuit (d. 1757)
• September 5 – Antoine Touron, French historian (d. 1775)
• September 29 – Cosmas Damian Asam, German painter and architect during the late Baroque period (d. 1739)
• September 30 – John Alexander (Presbyterian minister) (d. 1743)
• October 13 – Sir John Baird, 2nd Baronet, British politician (d. 1745)
• October 15 – Allan Ramsay (poet), Scottish poet (or makar) (d. 1758)
• October 17 – Jacques Hardion, French historian (d. 1766)
• October 17 (bapt.) ? – John Machin, English mathematician (d. 1751)
• October 19 – Peter van der Bosch, Jesuit hagiographer (d. 1736)
• October 30 – Charles Jean-Baptiste Fleuriau, French politician (d. 1732)
• October 31 – Senesino, Italian singer (d. 1758)
• November 1
  • Colin Campbell (Swedish East India Company), Scottish businessman (d. 1757)
  • Axel Löwen, Swedish duke (d. 1773)
• November 13 – Eleonora Luisa Gonzaga, Tuscan princess (d. 1741)
• November 15 – Claude Louis d’Espinchal, marquis de Massiac, French politician (d. 1770)
• November 16 – Yinxiang (prince), Manchu prince of the Qing Dynasty (d. 1730)
• November 23 – Ignácio Barbosa-Machado, Portuguese historian (d. 1734)
• November 30 – Richard Lumley, 2nd Earl of Scarbrough (d. 1740)
• December 8 – John Dawnay (MP), British politician (d. 1740)
• December 15 – Jean-Joseph Fiocco, Flemish composer (d. 1746)
• December 25 – Giovanni Battista Somis, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1763)
• date unknown –
  • William Law, English cleric (d. 1761)
  • Netawatwees, Indigenous American (Lenape) leader (d. 1776)
• approximate date – Queen Nanny of the Maroons, Jamaican national heroine (d. 1755)

1687

• January 27 – Johann Balthasar Neumann, German architect (d. 1753)
• February 4 – Joseph Effner, German architect (d. 1745)
• March 7 – Jean Lebeuf, French historian (d. 1760)
• March 16 – Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, queen consort of Frederick William I (d. 1757)
• May 12 – Johann Heinrich Schulze, German professor and polymath (d. 1744)
• June 24 – Johann Albrecht Bengel, German scholar (d. 1752)
• September 7 – Durastante Natalucci, Italian historian (d. 1772)
• October 4 – Robert Simson, Scottish mathematician (d. 1768)
• October 5 – Maria Maddalena Martinengo, Italian nun (d. 1737)
• October 21 – Nicolaus I Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (d. 1759)
• November 7 – William Stukeley, English archaeologist (d. 1765)
• December 5 – Francesco Geminiani, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1762)
• December 26 – Johann Georg Pisendel, German musician (d. 1755)
• date unknown
  • Gabriel de Clieu, French naval officer and governor of Guadeloupe (1737-1752) (d. 1774)
  • Shahzada Assadullah Khan Abdali, Persian Governor of Herat (d. 1720)

1688

• January 15 – Maria van Lommen, Dutch gold- and silversmith (b. 1742)
• January 18 – Lionel Cranfield Sackville, 1st Duke of Dorset, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (d. 1765)
• January 23 – Queen Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden (d. 1741)^[33]
• January 29 – Emanuel Swedenborg Swedish scientist, philosopher, and theologian (d. 1772)
• February 4 – Pierre de Marivaux, French playwright (d. 1763)
• March – William Burnet, British colonial administrator (d. 1729)
• March 14 – Anna Maria Garthwaite, British designer (d. 1763)
• April 4 – Joseph-Nicolas Delisle, French astronomer (d. 1768)
• April 15 – Johann Friedrich Fasch, German composer (d. 1758)
• May 21 – Alexander Pope, English poet (d. 1744)
• June 10 – James Francis Edward Stuart, The Old Pretender, Italian-born claimant to the English and Scottish throne (d. 1766)
• July 19 – Giuseppe Castiglione, Italian missionary to China (d. 1766)
• June 30 – Abu l-Hasan Ali I, ruler of Tunisia (d. 1756)
• August 14 – King Frederick William I of Prussia (d. 1740)
• September 12 – Ferdinand Brokoff, Czech sculptor (d. 1731)
• October 17 – Domenico Zipoli, Italian composer (d. 1726)
• October 22 – Nader Shah of Persia (d. 1747)
• November 15 (bapt.) – Charles Rivington, English publisher (d. 1742)

1689

• January 18 – Montesquieu, French writer (d. 1755)
• February 3 – Blas de Lezo, admiral of the Spanish Empire (d. 1741)
• c. February 23 – Samuel Bellamy, English pirate captain (d. 1717)
• April 2 – Arthur Dobbs, Irish politician and governor of the Province of North Carolina (d. 1765)
• May 24 – Daniel Finch, 8th Earl of Winchilsea, English politician (d. 1769)
• May 26 – Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, English writer (d. 1762)
• June 26 – Edward Holyoke, American President of Harvard University (d. 1769)
• July 9 – Alexis Piron, French writer (d. 1773)
• August 19 – Samuel Richardson, English writer (d. 1761)
• October 22 – King John V of Portugal (d. 1750)
• December 23 – Joseph Bodin de Boismortier, French composer (d. 1755)

Deaths[edit]

1680

• January 2
  • John Jolliffe, English politician and businessman (b. 1613)
  • Trunajaya, Maduran prince and rebel leader, murdered (b. 1649)
• January 18 – John Hervey, English courtier and politician (b. 1616)
• January 20 – Ann, Lady Fanshawe, English memoirist (b. 1625)
• January 23 – Capel Luckyn, English Member of Parliament (b. 1622)
• February – Ralph Davenant, English rector and founder of Davenant Foundation School
• February 11 – Elisabeth of the Palatinate, German princess, philosopher and Calvinist (b. 1618)
• February 17
  • Denzil Holles, 1st Baron Holles, English statesman and writer (b. 1599)
  • Frans Post, Dutch painter (b. 1612)
  • Jan Swammerdam, Dutch scientist (b. 1637)
• February 22 – Catherine Monvoisin, French fortune teller and poisoner (b. c. 1640)
• February 27 – Philippe Balthazar de Gand, French noble (b. 1616)
• March 14 – René Le Bossu, French critic (b. 1631)
• March 17
  • William Brereton, 3rd Baron Brereton, English politician (b. 1631)
  • François de La Rochefoucauld, French writer (b. 1613)
• March 23 – Nicolas Fouquet, French statesman (b. 1615)
• April 1 – David Denicke, German jurist and hymnwriter (b. 1603)
• April 3 – Chhatrapati Shivaji Bhosale, founder of the Maratha Empire (b. 1630)
• April 19 – Marie Hedwig of Hesse-Darmstadt, Duchess consort of Saxe-Meiningen (1671–1680) (b. 1647)
• April 25
  • Louise of Anhalt-Dessau, Duchess suo jure of Oława and Wołów (1672–1680) (b. 1631)
  • Simon Paulli, Danish physician (b. 1603)
• April 29 – Nicolas Cotoner, Spanish 61st Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1608)
• May 29 – Abraham Megerle, Austrian composer and organist (b. 1607)
• May 31 – Joachim Neander, German Calvinist clergyman (b. 1650)
• June 4
  • Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels, administrator of the archbishopric of Magdeburg (b. 1614)
  • Tokugawa Ietsuna, Japanese Tokugawa shōgun (b. 1641)
• June 18 – Samuel Butler, English poet (b. 1612)
• June 10
  • Johan Göransson Gyllenstierna, Swedish statesman (b. 1635)
  • Louis Moréri, French encyclopedist (b. 1643)

• July 26
  • John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester, English poet (b. 1647)
  • Sir Hugh Smith, 1st Baronet, English Member of Parliament (b. 1632)
• July 30 – Thomas Butler, 6th Earl of Ossory (b. 1634)
• August 19 – John Eudes, French missionary (b. 1601)
• August 20 – William Bedloe, English informer (b. 1650)
• August 22 – John George II, Elector of Saxony (b. 1613)
• August 24
  • Ferdinand Bol, Dutch painter, etcher and draftsman (b. 1616)
  • Thomas Blood, thief of the English Crown Jewels (b. 1618)
• August 25 – Symeon of Polotsk, Belarusian churchman and poet (b. 1629)
• August 27 – Joan Cererols, Catalan musician and Benedictine monk (b. 1618)
• August 28 – Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine (b. 1617)
• September 1 – Anna Sophia I, Abbess of Quedlinburg, Dutch abbess (b. 1619)
• September 2 – Per Brahe the Younger, Swedish soldier and statesman (b. 1602)
• September 3
  • Anna Elisabeth of Anhalt-Bernburg, duchess consort of Württemberg-Bernstadt (b. 1647)
  • Paul Ragueneau, French Jesuit missionary (b. 1608)
• September 9 – Henry Marten, English regicide (b. 1602)
• September 10 – Baldassare Ferri, Italian castrato (b. 1610)
• September 11
  • Roger Crab, English Puritan political writer (b. 1621)
  • Emperor Go-Mizunoo of Japan (b. 1596)
• September 26 – John Dury, Scottish-born Calvinist minister (b. 1596)
• September 30 – Johann Grueber, Austrian Jesuit missionary and astronomer (b. 1623)
• October 4 – Pierre-Paul Riquet, French engineer and canal builder (b. 1609)
• October 13 – Lelio Colista, Italian composer and lutenist (b. 1629)
• October 16 – Raimondo Montecuccoli, Italian general (b. 1609)
• October 17 – Charles FitzCharles, 1st Earl of Plymouth, illegitimate son of King Charles II (b. 1657)
• October 30 – Antoinette Bourignon, Flemish mystic (b. 1616)
• November 9 – Hungerford Dunch, English politician (b. 1639)
• November 27 or November 28 – Athanasius Kircher, German Jesuit scholar (b. 1602)
• November 28
  • Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Italian sculptor (b. 1598)
  • Giovanni Francesco Grimaldi, Italian architect and painter (b. 1606)
• November 30 – Peter Lely, Dutch painter (b. 1618)
• December 4 – Thomas Bartholin, Danish physician, mathematician, and theologian (b. 1616)
• December 8 – Henry Pierrepont, 1st Marquess of Dorchester, English politician (b. 1606)
• December 10 – Marco Uccellini, Italian composer and violinist (b. 1603 or 1610)
• December 20 – Princess Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg, German princess (b. 1619)
• December 29
  • Arent Berntsen, Norwegian statistician (b. 1610)
  • William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford of England (b. 1614)
• November 30 – Christopher Sandius, Dutch Arian writer (b. 1644)

• Zhou Youde, Chinese official
• Marie Meurdrac, French chemist and alchemist (b. 1610)

1681

• January 5 – Pietro Vidoni, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1610)
• January 7 – Magdalena Sibylla of Saxe-Weissenfels, German noblewoman (b. 1648)
• January 27 – Edmund Bowyer, English politician (b. 1613)
• January 28 – Richard Allestree, English royalist churchman (b. c. 1621)
• March 6 – Michel de Marolles, French translator and churchman (b. 1600)
• March 12 – Frans van Mieris the Elder, Dutch painter (b. 1635)
• March 17 – Zheng Jing, Chinese pirate (b. 1642)
• April 3 – Lucas Franchoys the Younger, Flemish painter (b. 1616)
• April 8 – Gabriel Druillettes, French missionary (b. 1610)
• April 10 – Philip I, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe (1640–1681) (b. 1601)
• April 11 – Frederick Louis, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (b. 1619)
• April 12 – Pietro Paolini, Italian painter (b. 1603)
• April 22
  • Jeffrey Daniel, English politician (b. 1626)
  • Marie Fouquet, French medical writer and philanthropist (b. 1590)
• April 23 – Justus Sustermans, Flemish painter (b. 1597)
• April 26 – Charles Howard, 3rd Earl of Nottingham, son of Charles Howard (b. 1610)
• May 4 – Johannes Musaeus, German theologian (b. 1613)
• May 6 – Catherine Trianon, French fortune teller and poisoner (b. 1627)
• May 6 – Sir Philip Wodehouse, 3rd Baronet, English baronet (b. 1608)
• May 24 – Nicodemus Tessin the Elder, Swedish architect (b. 1615)
• May 25 – Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Spanish dramatist and poet (b. 1600)
• June 9 – William Lilly, English astrologer (b. 1602)
• June 12 – Sigmund von Birken, German Baroque poet (b. 1626)
• July 1 – Oliver Plunkett, Irish saint (b. 1629)
• July 8 – Georg Neumark, German poet and composer of hymns (b. 1621)
• July 10 – Christian Lupus, Flemish historian (b. 1612)
• July 20 – Louis Günther II, Count of Schwarzburg-Ebeleben (1642–1681) (b. 1621)
• July 25 – Urian Oakes, English-born president of Harvard University (b. 1631)
• July 31 – Sir Baynham Throckmorton, 3rd Baronet, English Member of Parliament (b. 1629)
• August 12 – Sir George Wharton, 1st Baronet, English baronet (b. 1617)
• August 17 – Patriarch Nikon of Moscow, Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church (b. 1605)
• August 18 – Thomas Allen, English politician (b. 1603)
• August 22 – Philippe Delano, Dutch Plymouth Colony settler (b. 1602)
• August 27 – William Christoph, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg (b. 1625)
• September 11
  • Dirk van Bleiswijk, Dutch politician, writer (b. 1639)
  • Godfrey Henschen, Jesuit hagiographer (b. 1601)
• September 16 – Jahanara Begum, Mughal princess (b. 1614)
• September 27 – Jacob Masen, German poet (b. 1606)
• October 7 – Nicolaas Heinsius the Elder, Dutch scholar (b. 1620)
• October 15 – Johann Ludwig Schönleben, Carniolan priest (b. 1618)
• November 2 – Eleanor of Anhalt-Zerbst, duchess consort of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderburg-Norburg (b. 1608)
• November 13 – Arnold Braemes, English politician (b. 1602)
• November 17 – Tito Livio Burattini, Italian inventor, Egyptologist and instrument-maker (b. 1617)
• November 23 – Hedwig of the Palatinate-Sulzbach, Archduchess of Austria, Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg (b. 1650)
• November 26
  • Jean Garnier, French historian (b. 1612)
  • Giovanni Paolo Oliva, Italian Jesuit (b. 1600)
• December 4 – Maurice, Duke of Saxe-Zeitz (b. 1619)
• December 5 – Agatha Christine of Hanau-Lichtenberg, German noblewoman (b. 1632)
• December 8 – Gerard ter Borch, Dutch painter (b. 1617)
• December 12 – Hermann Conring, German philosopher (b. 1606)
• December 15 – James Compton, 3rd Earl of Northampton, English politician (b. 1622)
• December 16 – François Vavasseur, French writer (b. 1605)
• December 18 – Olimpia Aldobrandini, Italian Aldobrandini family member, heiress (b. 1623)
• December 21 – Lacuzon, Franche-Comté military leader (b. 1607)
• December 22 – Richard Alleine, English Puritan clergyman (b. 1611)
• c. December – John Pordage, Anglican vicar (b. 1607)
• date unknown – Fatima Soltan, sovereign queen of the Qasim Khanate

1682

• January 1 – Jacob Kettler, German noble (b. 1610)
• January 3 – Olaus Verelius, scholar of Old Norse and Scandinavian studies (b. 1618)
• February 2 – Jean Le Pautre, French designer and engraver (b. 1618)
• February 10 – Sir William Hickman, 2nd Baronet, Member of the House of Commons of England (b. 1629)
• February 15
  • Claude de la Colombière, French Jesuit priest and saint (b. 1641)
  • Gu Yanwu, Chinese philologist and geographer (b. 1613)
• February 18 – Pierre Dupuis, French painter (b. 1610)
• February 19 – Frederick of Hesse-Darmstadt, German Catholic cardinal (b. 1616)
• February 25
  • Robert Packer, English politician (b. 1614)
  • Alessandro Stradella, Italian composer (b. 1639)
• March 13 – Dorothea Augusta of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp, German duchess (b. 1602)
• March 14 – Jacob Isaakszoon van Ruisdael, Dutch painter (b. c. 1628)
• March 24 – Frederick, Duke of Württemberg-Neuenstadt, German duke (b. 1615)
• March 31 – John Frescheville, 1st Baron Frescheville, English politician (b. 1607)
• April 1 – Franz Egon of Fürstenberg, German politician and Archbishop of Strasbourg (b. 1625)
• April 3 – Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, Spanish painter (b. 1618)
• April 6 – Johann von Hoverbeck, Prussian diplomat (b. 1606)
• April 8 – François Perrochel, French cleric (b. 1602)
• April 27 – Heo Mok, Korean politician, poet and scholar (b. 1595)
• May 7 – Tsar Feodor III of Russia (b. 1661)
• May 28 – Henri, Duke of Verneuil, French bishop (b. 1601)
• July 12 – Jean Picard, French astronomer (b. 1620)
• July 19 – Yohannes I, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. c. 1640)
• August 12 – Jean-Louis Raduit de Souches, German Imperial field marshal (b. 1608)
• August 24
  • John Maitland, 1st Duke of Lauderdale (b. 1616)
  • Marie Charlotte de la Trémoille, French noble (b. 1632)
• August 26 – William Wirich, Count of Daun-Falkenstein, German nobleman (b. 1613)
• September 8 – Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz, Spanish writer (b. 1606)
• September 16 – Yamazaki Ansai, Japanese philosopher (b. 1619)
• October 19 – Sir Thomas Browne, English author, physician and philosopher (b. 1605)
• October 20 – António das Chagas, Portuguese Franciscan friar and ascetical writer (b. 1631)
• November 2 – Francis Browne, 3rd Viscount Montagu in the Peerage of England (b. 1610)
• November 4 – Dirck Rembrantsz van Nierop, Dutch astronomer and cartographer (b. 1610)
• November 14 – Rijcklof van Goens, Dutch colonial governor (b. 1619)
• November 23 – Claude Lorrain, Lorraine-born landscape painter (b. c. 1600)
• November 28 – Valentine Greatrakes, Irish faith healer (b. 1628)
• November 29 – Prince Rupert of the Rhine, German soldier, Royalist commander in the English Civil War (b. 1619)
• December 18
  • Heneage Finch, 1st Earl of Nottingham, English politician (b. 1621)
  • Guðríður Símonardóttir, Icelandic woman victim of the Turkish abductions (b. 1598)

date unknown

• Phillip Calvert, Colonial governor of Maryland (b. c. 1626)
• Mariam Dadiani, Queen Dowager of Kartli (b. 1599/1609)
• The Great 5th Dalai Lama of Tibet (b. 1617)

1683

• January 2 – Sir Thomas Twisden, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1602)
• January 14 – Edward Thurland, English politician (b. 1607)
• January 15 – Philip Warwick, English writer and politician (b. 1609)
• January 21 – Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, British politician (b. 1621)
• January 28 – Julian Maunoir, French Jesuit priest (b. 1606)
• January 30 – Cesare Facchinetti, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1608)
• February 18 – Nicolaes Pieterszoon Berchem, Dutch painter (b. 1620)
• February 27 – Engel de Ruyter, Dutch admiral (b. 1649)
• February 28 – Johann Paul Freiherr von Hocher, Austrian chancellor (b. 1616)
• March 6 – Guarino Guarini, Italian architect of the Piedmontese Baroque (b. 1624)
• March 8 – Robert Paston, 1st Earl of Yarmouth, English politician, earl (b. 1631)
• March 11 – Giovanni Bernardo Carboni, Italian painter (b. 1614)
• March 14 – Robert Montagu, 3rd Earl of Manchester, English politician (b. 1634)
• March 16 – Henrik Bjelke, Norwegian military officer (b. 1615)
• March 19 – Thomas Killigrew, English dramatist (b. 1612)
• April 28 – Daniel Casper von Lohenstein, German writer, diplomat and lawyer (b. 1635)
• March 29 – Yaoya Oshichi, young Japanese girl burned at the stake for arson (b. 1667)
• May 2 – Stjepan Gradić, Croatian philosopher and scientist (b. 1613)
• May 15 – John Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (b. 1627)
• June 4 – Wolfgang George Frederick von Pfalz-Neuburg, German bishop (b. 1659)
• July 7 – Elisabeth Henriette of Hesse-Kassel, daughter of William VI (b. 1661)
• July 10 – François Eudes de Mézeray, French historian (b. 1610)
• July 13 – Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex, English statesman (b. 1631)
• July 21 – William Russell, Lord Russell, English politician (b. 1639)
• July 26 – Jean Le Vacher, French Lazarist missionary and French consul (b. 1619)
• July 30 – Maria Theresa of Spain, French queen, married to Louis XIV of France (b. 1638)
• August 4 – Turhan Hatice Sultan, Ottoman Valide Sultan, married to Ibrahim and the mother of Sultan Mehmed IV (b. 1627)
• August 18 – Charles Hart, English actor (b. 1625)
• August 22 – Sir John Hobart, 3rd Baronet, English landowner and politician (b. 1628)
• August 24 – John Owen, English non-conformist theologian (b. 1616)
• September 6 – Jean-Baptiste Colbert, French minister of finance (b. 1619)
• September 12 – King Afonso VI of Portugal (b. 1643)
• September 17 – John Campanius, Swedish Lutheran minister in New Sweden (b. 1601)
• October 8 – Philipp Friedrich Böddecker, German organist and composer (b. 1607)
• October 9 – Francesco Caetani, 8th Duke of Sermoneta, Governor of the Duchy of Milan (b. 1613)
• October 25 – William Scroggs, lord chief justice of England (b. c. 1623)
• November 10
  • John Collins, English mathematician (b. 1625)
  • Robert Morison, Scottish botanist and taxonomist (b. 1620)
• November 16 – Margareta Huitfeldt, Norwegian-Swedish noble (b. 1608)
• November 29 – John Wright, British politician (b. 1615)
• December 7
  • John Oldham, English poet (smallpox) (b. 1653)
  • Algernon Sidney, English politician (b. 1623)
• December 13 – Anna Sophia II, Abbess of Quedlinburg, Abbesses of Quedlinburg (b. 1638)
• December 15 – Izaak Walton, English writer (b. 1593)
• December 16 – John Knight, Member of the Parliament of England (b. 1613)
• December 25 – Samuel Clarke, English writer and priest (b. 1599)
• December 27 – Maria Francisca of Savoy (b. 1646)
• date unknown
  • Birgitta Durell, Swedish industrialist (b. 1616)
  • Roger Williams, English theologian and colonist (b. 1603)

1684

• January 4 – Louis-Isaac Lemaistre de Sacy, French Bible translator (b. 1613)
• January 11 – Cornelis Speelman, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b. 1628)
• January 13 – Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk (b. 1628)
• January 15 – Alvise Contarini, Doge of Venice (b. 1601)
• January 21 – Queen Myeongseong, Korean royal consort (b. 1642)
• January 29 – Angélique de Saint-Jean Arnauld d’Andilly, French Jansenist nun (b. 1624)
• February 5 – Dorothy Spencer, Countess of Sunderland, English countess (b. 1617)
• February 6 – Ernst Bogislaw von Croÿ, German Lutheran administrator (b. 1620)
• February 11 – Sir Thomas Peyton, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1613)
• March 24
  • Pieter de Hooch, Dutch painter (b. 1629)
  • Elizabeth Ridgeway, English poisoner (burned at the stake)
• April 3 – Marc Restout, French painter (b. 1616)
• April 5
  • Lord William Brouncker, English mathematician (b. 1602)
  • Karl Eusebius, Prince of Liechtenstein (b. 1611)
• April 6 – Domenico Maria Canuti, Italian painter of the Baroque period (b. 1625)
• April 13 – Nicolás Antonio, Spanish bibliographer born in Seville (b. 1617)
• April 24 – Johann Olearius, German hymnwriter (b. 1611)
• May 4 – John Nevison, English highwayman (b. 1639)
• May 10 – Anne Carr, Countess of Bedford, English noble (b. 1615)
• May 12 – Edme Mariotte, French physicist and priest (b. c. 1620)
• June 24 – Sir Edward Dering, 2nd Baronet, Irish politician (b. 1625)
• July 2 – John Rogers, American President of Harvard University (b. 1630)
• July 6 – Peter Gunning, English royalist churchman (b. 1614)
• July 26 – Elena Cornaro Piscopia, Venetian philosopher of noble descent (b. 1646)
• August 8 – George Booth, 1st Baron Delamer, England (b. 1622)
• August 20 – Maria d’Este, Italian noble (b. 1644)
• September 9 – Jakob Thomasius, German philosopher (b. 1622)
• October 1 – Pierre Corneille, French playwright (b. 1606)
• October 11 – James Tuchet, 3rd Earl of Castlehaven (b. c. 1617)
• October 12 – William Croone, English physician and one of the original Fellows of the Royal Society (b. 1633)
• October 15
  • Géraud de Cordemoy, French historian, philosopher and lawyer (b. 1626)
  • Julius Siegmund, Duke of Württemberg-Juliusburg (b. 1653)
• October 24 – Duchess Marie Elisabeth of Saxony (b. 1610)
• November 20 – Bartolomé Garcia de Escañuela, Spanish Catholic prelate and bishop (b. 1627)
• November 21 – Cornelius Van Steenwyk, American politician (b. 1626)
• November 23 – William Cavendish, 3rd Earl of Devonshire, English nobleman (b. 1617)
• December 10 – Sir Thomas Sclater, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1615)
• December 22 – Francis Hawley, 1st Baron Hawley, English politician (b. 1608)
• October – Dud Dudley, English ironmaster (b. 1600?)
• date unknown – Alexandra Mavrokordatou, Greek intellectual, salonist (b. 1605)

1685

• January 2 – Harbottle Grimston, English politician (b. 1603)
• January 13 – Daniello Bartoli, Italian Jesuit priest (b. 1608)
• February 6 – King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland (b. 1630)^[34]
• February 11 – David Teniers III, Flemish painter (b. 1638)
• February 20 – Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Danish queen (b. 1628)
• February 24
  • Archduchess Isabella Clara of Austria, Austrian archduchess (b. 1629)
  • Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Carlisle, English politician and military leader (b. 1629)
• March 6 – Sir Thomas Spencer, 3rd Baronet, English Member of Parliament (b. 1639)
• March 7 – Giles Hungerford, English politician (b. 1614)
• March 9 – Carpoforo Tencalla, Swiss-Italian Baroque painter of canvases and frescoes (b. 1623)
• March 11 – Klara Izabella Pacowa, politically active Polish court official (b. 1631)
• March 17 – Sir Richard Bulkeley, 1st Baronet, Irish politician (b. 1634)
• March 19 – René-François de Sluse, Walloon mathematician (b. 1622)
• March 22 – Emperor Go-Sai of Japan (b. 1638)
• March 25 – Nicolas Robert, French painter (b. 1614)
• March 30 – Friedrich Casimir, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (1641–1680) and Hanau-Münzenberg (1642–1680) (b. 1623)
• March 31 – Juan Hidalgo de Polanco, Spanish composer (b. 1614)
• April – Adriaen van Ostade, Dutch painter and engraver (b. 1610)
• April 5 – Samuel Sandys, English politician (b. 1615)
• April 14 – Thomas Otway, English dramatist (b. 1652)
• May 11 – Margaret Wilson (Scottish martyr) (b. c. 1667)
• May 25 – Sir John Marsham, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1602)
• May 26 – Karl II, Elector Palatine (b. 1651)
• June 10 – Henry Goring, English politician (b. 1646)
• June 16 – Anne Killigrew, English poet and painter (b. 1660)
• June 26 – John Evelyn, English politician (b. 1601)
• June 30 – Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of Argyll, Scottish peer (b. 1629)
• July 6 – Nicholas Pedley, English politician (b. 1615)
• July 15 – James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, illegitimate son of Charles II of England (beheaded) (b. 1649)
• July 28 – Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington, English statesman (b. 1618)
• August 8 – Giovanni Battista Salvi da Sassoferrato (b. 1609)
• September 1 – Leoline Jenkins, Welsh lawyer and diplomat (b. 1625)
• September 5 – Francis North, 1st Baron Guilford (b. 1637)
• September 9 – Richard Ingoldsby, English politician (b. 1617)
• September 17 – Arthur Spry, English politician (b. 1612)
• September 24 – Gustaf Otto Stenbock, Swedish soldier and politician (b. 1614)
• October 1 – Kanō Yasunobu, Japanese painter of the Kanō school of painting, during the Edo period (b. 1614)
• October 3
  • Juan Carreño de Miranda, Spanish artist (b. 1614)
  • Johann Heinrich Roos, Dutch painter (b. 1631)
• October 12
  • Christoph Ignaz Abele, Austrian jurist (b. 1628)
  • Gerard Brandt, Dutch historian (b. 1626)
• October 23 – Yamaga Sokō, Japanese philosopher (b. 1622)
• October 29 – Anne Wharton, English poet (b. 1659)
• October 30 – Michel Le Tellier, French statesman (b. 1603)
• November 4 – Girolamo Grimaldi-Cavalleroni, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1597)
• November 7 – Sir William Maynard, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1641)
• November 9 – Louis Armand I, Prince of Conti (b. 1661)
• November 18 – George Courthope, English politician (b. 1616)
• November 28
  • Maffeo Barberini, Prince of Palestrina (b. 1631)
  • Nicolas de Neufville de Villeroy, Marshal of France (b. 1598)
• December 12 – John Pell, English mathematician (b. 1610)
• date unknown – Nalan Xingde, Chinese poet who became a scholar and officer in the Imperial Bodyguard (b. 1655)

1686

• January 10 – Ana de los Angeles Monteagudo, Peruvian nun (b. 1602)
• January 17 – Carlo Dolci, Italian painter (b. 1616)
• January 19 – Simon Digby, 4th Baron Digby, English politician (b. 1657)
• January 21 – François Blondel, French architect (b. 1618)
• January 22 – Duchess Johanna Magdalena of Saxe-Altenburg (b. 1656)
• January 31 – Jean Mairet, French dramatist (b. 1604)
• February 6 – Dorothy White, English Quaker and writer (b. 1630)
• February 10 – William Dugdale, English antiquarian (b. 1605)
• February 21 – Sibylle Christine of Anhalt-Dessau, Princess of Anhalt-Dessau (b. 1603)
• March 17 – Elisabeth Marie, Duchess of Oels, Regent of Oels (b. 1625)
• March 22 – John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (b. 1654)
• March 26 – Charlotte, Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel, German noble (b. 1627)
• April 6 – Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey, English royalist statesman (b. 1614)
• April 15 – Joseph Bridger, Colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1631)
• April 19 – Antonio de Solís y Ribadeneyra, Spanish writer (b. 1610)
• April 23 – Henrietta Wentworth, 6th Baroness Wentworth of England (b. 1660)
• April 26 – Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie, Swedish statesman and military man (b. 1622)
• May 21 – Otto von Guericke, German physicist and inventor of the Magdeburg Hemispheres (b. 1602)
• May 29 – Ove Juul, Governor-General of Norway (b. 1615)
• May 31 – Nicholas Barré, French Minim friar, priest and founder (b. 1621)
• June 23 – William Coventry, English statesman (b. c.1628)
• July 10 – John Fell, English churchman (b. 1625)
• July 16 – John Pearson, English theologian (b. 1612)
• August 3 – Anna Margaret of Hesse-Homburg, Duchess consort of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg (b. 1629)
• August 13 – Louis Maimbourg, French-born historian (b. 1610)
• September 19 – John George I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach, German duke (b. 1634)
• October 26 – John Egerton, 2nd Earl of Bridgewater, English politician (b. 1623)
• November 1 – William Duckett, English politician (b. 1624)
• November 25 – Nicolas Steno, Danish pioneer in anatomy and geology, bishop (b. 1638)
• November 28 – Nicolas Letourneux, French preacher, ascetical writer (b. 1640)
• December 6 – Eleonora Gonzaga, Queen consort of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1630)
• December 11 – Louis, Grand Condé, French general (b. 1621)^[35]
• December 12 – Charles de Noyelle, French Jesuit Superior General (b. 1615)
• December 24 – Philip Packer, British barrister and architect (b. 1618)

1687

• January 13 – Jean Claude, French Protestant clergyman (b. 1619)
• January 28 – Johannes Hevelius, Polish astronomer (b. 1611)
• January 31 – Francisco Varo, Spanish linguist (b. 1627)
• February 15 – Marie Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, German noblewoman (b. 1638)
• February 16 – Charles Cotton, English poet and writer (b. 1630)
• February 22 – Jean Hamon, French doctor and writer (b. 1618)
• February 26 – Magdalena Elisabeth of Hanau, German noblewoman (b. 1611)
• March 19 – René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, French explorer (b. 1643)
• March 20 – Margravine Magdalene Sibylle of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Electress of Saxony by marriage (b. 1612)
• March 20 – Marie Eleonore of Dietrichstein, Countess of Kaunitz and Oppersdorf (b. 1623)
• March 22 – Jean-Baptiste Lully, French composer who established opera in France (b. 1632)
• March 28 – Constantijn Huygens, Dutch poet and composer (b. 1596)
• April 12 – Ambrose Dixon, Virginia Colony pioneer (b. c. 1628)
• April 16 – George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, English statesman (b. 1628)
• April 20 – Richard Olmsted, Connecticut settler (b. 1612)
• April 23 – Ferdinand Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (b. 1636)
• April 25 – Johannes Caioni, Transylvanian Franciscan friar (b. 1629)
• July 19 – Laura Martinozzi, Duchess consort of Modena (b. 1639)
• August 9 – Niccolò Albergati-Ludovisi, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1608)
• September 1 – Henry More, English philosopher (b. 1614)
• September 12 – John Alden, Mayflower pilgrim (b. c. 1599)
• September 28 – Francis Turretin, Swiss theologian (b. 1623)
• October 13 – Geminiano Montanari, Italian astronomer (b. 1633)
• October 19 – Giulio Bartolocci, Italian Biblical scholar (b. 1613)
• October 21 – Edmund Waller, English poet (b. 1606)
• October 24 – Countess Palatine Maria Eufrosyne of Zweibrücken, Swedish princess (b. 1625)
• November 4
  • Jacques Leneuf de La Poterie, Politician (b. 1604)
  • Johanna Walpurgis of Leiningen-Westerburg, German noblewoman, by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Weissenfels (b. 1647)
• November 6 – Charles de Grimaldi-Régusse, French aristocrat (b. 1612)
• November 14 – Nell Gwyn, English mistress of Charles II of England (b. 1650)
• November 18 – Anton Janson, Dutch type founder and printer (b. 1620)
• December 10 – Horatio Townshend, 1st Viscount Townshend, English viscount (b. 1630)
• December 16 – Sir William Petty, English philosopher (b. 1623)
• date unknown – Josias Fendall, Colonial governor of Maryland (b. c. 1628)

1688

• January 7 – James Howard, 3rd Earl of Suffolk
• January 27 – Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang, concubine of Qing Dynasty ruler Hong Taiji (b. 1613)
• January 28 – Ferdinand Verbiest, Flemish Jesuit missionary in China (b. 1623)
• February 2 – Abraham Duquesne, French naval officer (b. 1610)
• February 13 – David Christiani, German mathematician and philosopher (b. 1610)
• February 17 – James Renwick, Scottish minister and Covenanter martyr (b. 1662)
• February 28 – Johann Sigismund Elsholtz, German naturalist and physician (b. 1623)
• March 1 – Sir Thomas Slingsby, 2nd Baronet of England (b. 1636)
• March 3 – Marie de Lorraine, Duchess of Guise (b. 1615)
• March 8 – Honoré Fabri, French mathematician (b. 1608)
• March 20 – Maria of Orange-Nassau, Dutch princess (b. 1642)
• March 23 – Marcantonio Giustinian, 107th Doge of Venice (b. 1619)
• March 26 – Winston Churchill (1620–1688), English noble, soldier (b. 1620)
• March 27 – Frederick, Burgrave of Dohna, Dutch officer, and governor of Orange (b. 1621)
• April 28 – Frederick, Duke of Mecklenburg-Grabow, German nobleman, titular Duke of Mecklenburg (b. 1638)
• April 29 – Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1620)
• May 14 – Antoine Furetière, French writer (b. 1619)
• May 22 – Johannes Andreas Quenstedt, German theologian (b. 1617)
• June 1 – Peder Hansen Resen, Danish historian (b. 1625)
• June 3 – Maximilian Henry of Bavaria, Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1621)
• June 5 – Constantine Phaulkon, Greek adventurer (b. 1647)
• June 26
  • John Claypole, English politician (b. 1625)
  • Ralph Cudworth, English philosopher (b. 1617)
• June 28 – Richard Winwood, English politician (b. 1609)
• June 29 – Ippolito Lante Montefeltro della Rovere, Italian nobleman and Duke of Bomarzo (b. 1618)
• July 11 – King Narai of Thailand (b. 1639)
• July 21 – James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, Irish statesman (b. 1610)
• August 25 – Henry Morgan, Welsh privateer and Governor of Jamaica (b. c. 1635)
• August 31 – John Bunyan, English writer (b. 1628)
• September 2 – Robert Viner, Lord Mayor of London (b. 1631)
• September 9 – Claude Mellan, French painter and engraver (b. 1598)
• September 20 – Queen Jangnyeol, Korean royal consort (b. 1624)
• November 26 – Jacques Goulet, early pioneer in New France (now Québec) (b. 1615)
• October 4
  • Philip de Koninck, Dutch painter (b. 1619)
  • Roger Pepys, English lawyer and politician (b. 1617)
• October 6 – Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle, English statesman (b. 1653)
• October 9 – Claude Perrault, French architect (b. 1613)
• October 13 – Sir John Bright, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1619)
• October 14 – Joachim von Sandrart, German Baroque art-historian and painter (b. 1606)
• October 23 – Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange, French philologist (b. 1610)
• November 26 – Philippe Quinault, French dramatist (b. 1635)
• November 28 – Bohuslav Balbín, Czech writer and Jesuit (b. 1621)
• December 4 – Sir Edward Seymour, 3rd Baronet, Member of Parliament (b. 1610)
• December 8 – Thomas Flatman, British artist (b. 1635)
• December 15 – Gaspar Fagel, Dutch statesman (b. 1634)
• December 15 – Louis Victor de Rochechouart de Mortemart, French military man, brother of Madame de Montespan (b. 1636)

1689

• January 6 – Bishop Seth Ward, English mathematician and astronomer (b. 1617)
• January 9 – Sir Hugh Cholmeley, 4th Baronet, English politician (b. 1632)
• January 18 – Ernest Günther, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein (b. 1609)
• January 27
  • Robert Aske, merchant in the City of London (b. 1619)
  • Sir Henry Beaumont, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1638)
• February 12 – Marie Louise of Orléans (b. 1662)
• February 13 – Carlo Pio di Savoia, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1622)
• February 22 – Willem Ogier, Flemish playwright (b. 1618)
• February 24 – Elsa Elisabeth Brahe, Swedish countess and duchess (b. 1632)
• March 10 – Philip Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Wiesenburg (b. 1620)
• March 18 – John Dixwell, English judge (b. 1607)
• March 30 – Kazimierz Łyszczyński, Polish philosopher (b. 1634)
• April 14 – Archduchess Maria Anna Josepha of Austria, youngest surviving daughter of Ferdinand III (b. 1654)
• April 16 – Aphra Behn, English author (b. 1640)
• April 18 – George Jeffreys, 1st Baron Jeffreys, British Lord Chief Justice (b. 1648)
• April 19 – Christina, Queen of Sweden (b. 1626)
• April 22 – Thomas Proby, English politician (b. 1632)
• May 12 – Sir John Reresby, 2nd Baronet, English politician and diarist (b. 1634)
• May 14 – Sambhaji, High Protector of the Maratha Empire (b. 1657)
• May 15 – Jean Paul Médaille, French Jesuit missionary (b. 1618)
• June 8 – Decio Azzolino, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1623)
• June 20 – Richard Sherlock, English priest (b. 1612)
• June 25 – William Thomas, Welsh Anglican bishop (b. 1613)
• June 27 – Richard Waldron, colonial settler, acting President of the Province of New Hampshire (b. 1615)
• June 28 – Thomas Mainwaring, English politician (b. 1623)
• July 7 – Princess Louise of Savoy, Hereditary Princess of Baden-Baden (b. 1627)
• July 8 – Edward Wooster, English Connecticut pioneer (b. 1622)
• July 27 – John Graham, 1st Viscount Dundee, Scottish general (b. 1648)^[27]
• August 6 – Sophia Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, Prussian royal consort (b. 1636)
• August 9 – Dionisio Lazzari, Italian sculptor and architect (b. 1617)
• August 12 – Pope Innocent XI (b. 1611)
• August 13 – Count Maximilian I, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (b. 1636)
• August 21 – William Cleland, Scottish poet and soldier (b. c. 1661)^[29]
• August 28 – Claude-Jean Allouez, French Jesuit missionary and explorer of North America (b. 1622)
• September 10 – John Belasyse, 1st Baron Belasyse of England (b. 1614)
• September 26 – August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck (b. 1652)
• September 30 – Julius Francis, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg, Bohemian noble (b. 1641)
• October 4 – Quirinus Kuhlmann, German Baroque poet and mystic (b. 1651)
• October 13 – George Ent, English scientist (b. 1604)
• October 15 – Sir Edward Dering, 3rd Baronet, English politician (b. 1650)
• October 24 – Adolph John I, Count Palatine of Kleeburg, Swedish prince (b. 1629)
• November 13 – Philipp von Zesen, German poet (b. 1619)
• November 20 – Samuel Peterson, American city founder (b. 1639)
• November 26 – Marquard Gude, German archaeologist (b. 1635)
• December 6 – Pjetër Bogdani, Albanian priest and writer (b. c. 1630)
• December 16 – Cornelis Geelvinck, Dutch mayor (b. 1621)
• December 29 – Thomas Sydenham, English physician (b. 1624)