Municipalities of the Netherlands

As of 24 March 2022, there are 344 municipalities (Dutch: gemeenten) and three special municipalities (bijzondere gemeenten) in the Netherlands. The latter is the status of three of the six island territories that make up the Dutch Caribbean. Municipalities are the second-level administrative division, or public bodies (openbare lichamen), in the Netherlands and are subdivisions of their respective provinces. Their duties are delegated to them by the central government and they are ruled by a municipal council that is elected every four years. Municipal mergers have reduced the total number of municipalities by two-thirds since the first official boundaries were created in the mid 19th century. Municipalities themselves are informally subdivided into districts and neighbourhoods for administrative and statistical purposes.^[1]

These municipalities come in a wide range of sizes, Westervoort is the smallest with a land area of 7.03 km² (2.71 sq mi) and Súdwest-Fryslân the largest with a land area of 523.01 km² (201.94 sq mi). Schiermonnikoog is both the least populated and the least densely populated municipality at 23/km² (60/sq mi). Amsterdam has the highest population with 893,783 residents, whereas The Hague is the most densely populated with a density of 6,650/km² (17,200/sq mi).

Municipal status

As a second level administrative division municipalities are the third tier of public administration in the Netherlands after the central government and the provinces. The Netherlands is a decentralized unitary state, which means that the central government is supreme and delegates certain tasks to lower levels of government by law.^[4] The different levels do, however, make work agreements, which give municipalities a certain degree of independence in their policy decisions. Municipalities are responsible for a wide variety of public services, which include land-use planning, public housing, management and maintenance of local roads, waste management and social security. After the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles in 2010 three special municipalities (officially public bodies) were formed. These municipalities function the same as regular municipalities and are grouped together as the Caribbean Netherlands and are not part of a province.

The municipalities are governed by both a board of mayor and aldermen and a municipal council. The municipal council, which is titled island council in the special municipalities, is elected every four years. The number of members in the council ranges from nine members for the smallest municipalities to forty-five members for the largest.^[8] It is the highest administrative body in the municipality and controls public policy. The executive power lies with the executive board, which consists of a mayor, titled lieutenant governor in the special municipalities, and multiple aldermen, titled island deputies in the special municipalities. The mayor is appointed for six years at a time by the crown and the alderman are elected by the municipal council, typically after each municipal election.^[9] The mayor is responsible for public order and is the first in command during emergencies, all other tasks are distributed freely between mayor and aldermen. The exact portfolio for each person differs between each municipality.

Official municipal boundaries were first drawn up in 1832 in the Netherlands after a cadastre was formed. The Municipalities Act of 1851, written by prime minister Thorbecke, led to the disappearance of small municipalities. Throughout the years, less populous municipalities have been merged. They were either added to the larger neighbouring cities or multiple smaller municipalities merged into a larger new municipality with a new name. The number of municipalities reduced from 1,209 in 1850 to 537 in 2000; as of 2021 there are 352 municipalities. During this time, multiple mergers occurred simultaneously in large parts of individual provinces; the municipal boundaries were basically redrawn in these regions. In the 19th and large parts of the 20th century, municipal mergers were forced by the central government. This policy changed in the end of the 20th century; local support for the merger is now a large part of the decision-making process. The larger, merged municipalities are intended to handle an increasing workload because more public services are delegated from higher levels of government to the municipalities. Another reason for municipal mergers is the assumption that larger municipalities are more efficient in performing their tasks than smaller ones.

Municipalities have the right to decentralise themselves and form submunicipalities as an additional level of government. This right and the submunicipalities will cease to exist in the near future to reduce the number of levels of government. Only Amsterdam, where the districts are called stadsdelen, as well as Rotterdam, where the districts are called deelgemeenten, consist of such formal subdivisions. The Hague, Almere, Breda, Eindhoven, Enschede, Groningen, Nijmegen, Tilburg and Utrecht have instituted stadsdelen as well, although they do not have the same legal submunicipal status. For administrative use by municipalities and data collection by Statistics Netherlands all municipalities are subdivided into districts (wijken), which in turn are subdivided into neighbourhoods (buurten). These subdivisions have, in contrast to the submunicipalities, no formal status.

Municipalities

Regular municipalities

Municipality[a]	CBS code[1]	Province	Population[b][26]	Population density[c][26]	Land area[d][26]	Map
Aa en Hunze	1680	Drenthe	25,579	93/km2 (240/sq mi)	276.66 km2 (106.82 sq mi)
Aalsmeer	0358	North Holland	32,452	1,615/km2 (4,180/sq mi)	20.0 km2 (7.72 sq mi)
Aalten	0197	Gelderland	27,100	281/km2 (730/sq mi)	96.63 km2 (37.31 sq mi)
Achtkarspelen	0059	Friesland	27,954	274/km2 (710/sq mi)	102.21 km2 (39.46 sq mi)
Alblasserdam	0482	South Holland	20,087	2,290/km2 (5,900/sq mi)	8.87 km2 (3.42 sq mi)
Albrandswaard	0613	South Holland	25,934	1,197/km2 (3,100/sq mi)	21.17 km2 (8.17 sq mi)
Alkmaar	0361	North Holland	110,783	1,004/km2 (2,600/sq mi)	110.01 km2 (42.48 sq mi)
Almelo	0141	Overijssel	73,155	1,089/km2 (2,820/sq mi)	67.78 km2 (26.17 sq mi)
Almere	0034	Flevoland	217,828	1,686/km2 (4,370/sq mi)	129.98 km2 (50.19 sq mi)
Alphen aan den Rijn	0484	South Holland	112,926	897/km2 (2,320/sq mi)	125.53 km2 (48.47 sq mi)
Alphen-Chaam	1723	North Brabant	10,425	112/km2 (290/sq mi)	92.28 km2 (35.63 sq mi)
Altena	1959	North Brabant	57,009	285/km2 (740/sq mi)	199.94 km2 (77.20 sq mi)
Ameland	0060	Friesland	3,757	66/km2 (170/sq mi)	56.69 km2 (21.89 sq mi)
Amersfoort	0307	Utrecht	158,590	2,538/km2 (6,570/sq mi)	62.29 km2 (24.05 sq mi)
Amstelveen	0362	North Holland	92,331	2,246/km2 (5,820/sq mi)	41.11 km2 (15.87 sq mi)
Amsterdam	0363	North Holland	903,399[e]	4,812/km2 (12,460/sq mi)[e]	187.72 km2 (72.48 sq mi)[e]
Apeldoorn	0200	Gelderland	165,611	487/km2 (1,260/sq mi)	339.96 km2 (131.26 sq mi)
Arnhem	0202	Gelderland	163,888	1,677/km2 (4,340/sq mi)	97.74 km2 (37.74 sq mi)
Assen	0106	Drenthe	68,979	842/km2 (2,180/sq mi)	81.18 km2 (31.34 sq mi)
Asten	0743	North Brabant	17,068	243/km2 (630/sq mi)	70.01 km2 (27.03 sq mi)
Baarle-Nassau	0744	North Brabant	6,931	91/km2 (240/sq mi)	76.62 km2 (29.58 sq mi)
Baarn	0308	Utrecht	24,876	764/km2 (1,980/sq mi)	32.24 km2 (12.45 sq mi)
Barendrecht	0489	South Holland	48,714	2,488/km2 (6,440/sq mi)	19.98 km2 (7.71 sq mi)
Barneveld	0203	Gelderland	60,584	345/km2 (890/sq mi)	175.54 km2 (67.78 sq mi)
Beek	0888	Limburg	15,817	751/km2 (1,950/sq mi)	21.17 km2 (8.17 sq mi)
Beekdaelen	1954	Limburg	35,922	459/km2 (1,190/sq mi)	78.8 km2 (30.42 sq mi)
Beesel	0889	Limburg	13,408	481/km2 (1,250/sq mi)	27.78 km2 (10.73 sq mi)
Berg en Dal	1945	Gelderland	34,951	405/km2 (1,050/sq mi)	86.69 km2 (33.47 sq mi)
Bergeijk	1724	North Brabant	18,879	187/km2 (480/sq mi)	101.12 km2 (39.04 sq mi)
Bergen (LI)	0893	Limburg	13,106	127/km2 (330/sq mi)	103.36 km2 (39.91 sq mi)
Bergen (NH)	0373	North Holland	29,723	300/km2 (780/sq mi)	99 km2 (38.22 sq mi)
Bergen op Zoom	0748	North Brabant	67,894	849/km2 (2,200/sq mi)	79.97 km2 (30.88 sq mi)
Berkelland	1859	Gelderland	43,850	170/km2 (440/sq mi)	258.89 km2 (99.96 sq mi)
Bernheze	1721	North Brabant	31,715	353/km2 (910/sq mi)	89.93 km2 (34.72 sq mi)
Best	0753	North Brabant	30,608	903/km2 (2,340/sq mi)	33.39 km2 (12.89 sq mi)
Beuningen	0209	Gelderland	26,235	602/km2 (1,560/sq mi)	43.3 km2 (16.72 sq mi)
Beverwijk	0375	North Holland	42,084	2,293/km2 (5,940/sq mi)	18.85 km2 (7.28 sq mi)
Bladel	1728	North Brabant	20,718	275/km2 (710/sq mi)	75.53 km2 (29.16 sq mi)
Blaricum	0376	North Holland	12,359	1,116/km2 (2,890/sq mi)	11.17 km2 (4.31 sq mi)
Bloemendaal	0377	North Holland	23,732	597/km2 (1,550/sq mi)	39.97 km2 (15.43 sq mi)
Bodegraven-Reeuwijk	1901	South Holland	35,752	474/km2 (1,230/sq mi)	75.5 km2 (29.15 sq mi)
Boekel	0755	North Brabant	11,030	320/km2 (830/sq mi)	34.4 km2 (13.28 sq mi)
Borger-Odoorn	1681	Drenthe	25,681	93/km2 (240/sq mi)	274.49 km2 (105.98 sq mi)
Borne	0147	Overijssel	24,007	924/km2 (2,390/sq mi)	25.59 km2 (9.88 sq mi)
Borsele	0654	Zeeland	22,847	161/km2 (420/sq mi)	141.17 km2 (54.51 sq mi)
Boxtel	0757	North Brabant	33,129	480/km2 (1,200/sq mi)	69.91 km2 (26.99 sq mi)
Breda	0758	North Brabant	184,702	1,469/km2 (3,800/sq mi)	125.59 km2 (48.49 sq mi)
Brielle	0501	South Holland	17,704	643/km2 (1,670/sq mi)	27.75 km2 (10.71 sq mi)
Bronckhorst	1876	Gelderland	36,077	127/km2 (330/sq mi)	283.33 km2 (109.39 sq mi)
Brummen	0213	Gelderland	20,890	250/km2 (650/sq mi)	83.33 km2 (32.17 sq mi)
Brunssum	0899	Limburg	27,674	1,605/km2 (4,160/sq mi)	17.74 km2 (6.85 sq mi)
Bunnik	0312	Utrecht	15,590	422/km2 (1,090/sq mi)	36.63 km2 (14.14 sq mi)
Bunschoten	0313	Utrecht	22,325	735/km2 (1,900/sq mi)	30.09 km2 (11.62 sq mi)
Buren	0214	Gelderland	27,155	203/km2 (530/sq mi)	133.3 km2 (51.47 sq mi)
Capelle aan den IJssel	0502	South Holland	67,188	4,751/km2 (12,310/sq mi)	14.44 km2 (5.58 sq mi)
Castricum	0383	North Holland	36,263	730/km2 (1,900/sq mi)	49.94 km2 (19.28 sq mi)
Coevorden	0109	Drenthe	35,517	120/km2 (310/sq mi)	296.61 km2 (114.52 sq mi)
Cranendonck	1706	North Brabant	20,669	270/km2 (700/sq mi)	76.6 km2 (29.58 sq mi)
Culemborg	0216	Gelderland	29,397	1,004/km2 (2,600/sq mi)	29.97 km2 (11.57 sq mi)
Dalfsen	0148	Overijssel	29,162	177/km2 (460/sq mi)	165.52 km2 (63.91 sq mi)
Dantumadiel	1891	Friesland	18,957	224/km2 (580/sq mi)	84.4 km2 (32.59 sq mi)
De Bilt	0310	Utrecht	43,508	657/km2 (1,700/sq mi)	66.69 km2 (25.75 sq mi)
De Fryske Marren	1940	Friesland	51,597	147/km2 (380/sq mi)	351.11 km2 (135.56 sq mi)
De Ronde Venen	0736	Utrecht	44,955	451/km2 (1,170/sq mi)	99.98 km2 (38.60 sq mi)
De Wolden	1690	Drenthe	24,511	109/km2 (280/sq mi)	224.49 km2 (86.68 sq mi)
Delft	0503	South Holland	104,572	4,614/km2 (11,950/sq mi)	22.26 km2 (8.59 sq mi)
Den Helder	0400	North Holland	56,334	1,249/km2 (3,230/sq mi)	45.5 km2 (17.57 sq mi)
Deurne	0762	North Brabant	32,606	279/km2 (720/sq mi)	116.66 km2 (45.04 sq mi)
Deventer	0150	Overijssel	101,446	777/km2 (2,010/sq mi)	130.06 km2 (50.22 sq mi)
Diemen	0384	North Holland	31,822	2,664/km2 (6,900/sq mi)	11.15 km2 (4.31 sq mi)
Dijk en Waard	1980	North Holland	87,695	1,417/km2 (3,670/sq mi)	61.1 km2 (23.59 sq mi)
Dinkelland	1774	Overijssel	26,594	151/km2 (390/sq mi)	175.52 km2 (67.77 sq mi)
Doesburg	0221	Gelderland	11,036	955/km2 (2,470/sq mi)	11.16 km2 (4.31 sq mi)
Doetinchem	0222	Gelderland	58,546	741/km2 (1,920/sq mi)	79.94 km2 (30.87 sq mi)
Dongen	0766	North Brabant	26,483	906/km2 (2,350/sq mi)	29.93 km2 (11.56 sq mi)
Dordrecht	0505	South Holland	119,537	1,541/km2 (3,990/sq mi)	77.76 km2 (30.02 sq mi)
Drechterland	0498	North Holland	19,983	339/km2 (880/sq mi)	58.88 km2 (22.73 sq mi)
Drimmelen	1719	North Brabant	27,476	289/km2 (750/sq mi)	95.55 km2 (36.89 sq mi)
Dronten	0303	Flevoland	42,865	128/km2 (330/sq mi)	333.3 km2 (128.69 sq mi)
Druten	0225	Gelderland	19,178	511/km2 (1,320/sq mi)	37.72 km2 (14.56 sq mi)
Duiven	0226	Gelderland	24,946	736/km2 (1,910/sq mi)	33.38 km2 (12.89 sq mi)
Echt-Susteren	1711	Limburg	31,731	308/km2 (800/sq mi)	103.32 km2 (39.89 sq mi)
Edam-Volendam	0385	North Holland	36,471	671/km2 (1,740/sq mi)	54.42 km2 (21.01 sq mi)
Ede	0228	Gelderland	119,986	377/km2 (980/sq mi)	318.85 km2 (123.11 sq mi)
Eemnes	0317	Utrecht	9,450	304/km2 (790/sq mi)	31.14 km2 (12.02 sq mi)
Eemsdelta	1979	Groningen	45,389	169/km2 (440/sq mi)	268.87 km2 (103.81 sq mi)
Eersel	0770	North Brabant	19,823	240/km2 (620/sq mi)	82.27 km2 (31.76 sq mi)
Eijsden-Margraten	1903	Limburg	25,857	333/km2 (860/sq mi)	77.76 km2 (30.02 sq mi)
Eindhoven	0772	North Brabant	238,326	2,708/km2 (7,010/sq mi)	88.82 km2 (34.29 sq mi)
Elburg	0230	Gelderland	23,740	372/km2 (960/sq mi)	63.32 km2 (24.45 sq mi)
Emmen	0114	Drenthe	107,856	322/km2 (830/sq mi)	335.53 km2 (129.55 sq mi)
Enkhuizen	0388	North Holland	18,620	1,470/km2 (3,800/sq mi)	12.26 km2 (4.73 sq mi)
Enschede	0153	Overijssel	160,640	1,141/km2 (2,960/sq mi)	140.03 km2 (54.07 sq mi)
Epe	0232	Gelderland	33,257	213/km2 (550/sq mi)	156.62 km2 (60.47 sq mi)
Ermelo	0233	Gelderland	27,258	318/km2 (820/sq mi)	85.54 km2 (33.03 sq mi)
Etten-Leur	0777	North Brabant	44,152	799/km2 (2,070/sq mi)	55.59 km2 (21.46 sq mi)
Geertruidenberg	0779	North Brabant	21,944	825/km2 (2,140/sq mi)	26.6 km2 (10.27 sq mi)
Geldrop-Mierlo	1771	North Brabant	40,131	1,294/km2 (3,350/sq mi)	31.11 km2 (12.01 sq mi)
Gemert-Bakel	1652	North Brabant	31,040	254/km2 (660/sq mi)	122.27 km2 (47.21 sq mi)
Gennep	0907	Limburg	17,237	362/km2 (940/sq mi)	47.77 km2 (18.44 sq mi)
Gilze en Rijen	0784	North Brabant	26,557	406/km2 (1,050/sq mi)	65.58 km2 (25.32 sq mi)
Goeree-Overflakkee	1924	South Holland	51,051	195/km2 (510/sq mi)	262.2 km2 (101.24 sq mi)
Goes	0664	Zeeland	38,950	421/km2 (1,090/sq mi)	92.28 km2 (35.63 sq mi)
Goirle	0785	North Brabant	23,979	558/km2 (1,450/sq mi)	42.27 km2 (16.32 sq mi)
Gooise Meren	1942	North Holland	58,846	1,419/km2 (3,680/sq mi)	41.17 km2 (15.90 sq mi)
Gorinchem	0512	South Holland	37,632	2,011/km2 (5,210/sq mi)	18.81 km2 (7.26 sq mi)
Gouda	0513	South Holland	74,095	4,491/km2 (11,630/sq mi)	16.6 km2 (6.41 sq mi)
Groningen	0014	Groningen	234,950	1,266/km2 (3,280/sq mi)	185.53 km2 (71.63 sq mi)
Gulpen-Wittem	1729	Limburg	14,178	194/km2 (500/sq mi)	73.38 km2 (28.33 sq mi)
Haaksbergen	0158	Overijssel	24,268	232/km2 (600/sq mi)	104.48 km2 (40.34 sq mi)
Haarlem	0392	North Holland	162,898	5,576/km2 (14,440/sq mi)	29.91 km2 (11.55 sq mi)
Haarlemmermeer	0394	North Holland	159,336	808/km2 (2,090/sq mi)	197.71 km2 (76.34 sq mi)
Halderberge	1655	North Brabant	30,770	413/km2 (1,070/sq mi)	74.44 km2 (28.74 sq mi)
Hardenberg	0160	Overijssel	61,798	198/km2 (510/sq mi)	312.26 km2 (120.56 sq mi)
Harderwijk	0243	Gelderland	48,857	1,255/km2 (3,250/sq mi)	38.82 km2 (14.99 sq mi)
Hardinxveld-Giessendam	0523	South Holland	18,511	1,098/km2 (2,840/sq mi)	16.66 km2 (6.43 sq mi)
Harlingen	0072	Friesland	15,904	637/km2 (1,650/sq mi)	24.46 km2 (9.44 sq mi)
Hattem	0244	Gelderland	12,307	533/km2 (1,380/sq mi)	23.37 km2 (9.02 sq mi)
Heemskerk	0396	North Holland	39,189	1,437/km2 (3,720/sq mi)	27.77 km2 (10.72 sq mi)
Heemstede	0397	North Holland	27,557	3,005/km2 (7,780/sq mi)	9.97 km2 (3.85 sq mi)
Heerde	0246	Gelderland	18,976	242/km2 (630/sq mi)	78.85 km2 (30.44 sq mi)
Heerenveen	0074	Friesland	51,119	269/km2 (700/sq mi)	189.97 km2 (73.35 sq mi)
Heerlen	0917	Limburg	86,845	1,934/km2 (5,010/sq mi)	44.41 km2 (17.15 sq mi)
Heeze-Leende	1658	North Brabant	16,470	158/km2 (410/sq mi)	103.32 km2 (39.89 sq mi)
Heiloo	0399	North Holland	24,417	1,305/km2 (3,380/sq mi)	18.81 km2 (7.26 sq mi)
Hellendoorn	0163	Overijssel	35,940	261/km2 (680/sq mi)	137.73 km2 (53.18 sq mi)
Hellevoetsluis	0530	South Holland	40,574	988/km2 (2,560/sq mi)	41.16 km2 (15.89 sq mi)
Helmond	0794	North Brabant	93,476	1,758/km2 (4,550/sq mi)	53.37 km2 (20.61 sq mi)
Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht	0531	South Holland	31,663	3,108/km2 (8,050/sq mi)	10.09 km2 (3.90 sq mi)
Hengelo	0164	Overijssel	81,476	1,339/km2 (3,470/sq mi)	60.04 km2 (23.18 sq mi)
‘s-Hertogenbosch	0796	North Brabant	156,538	1,430/km2 (3,700/sq mi)	109.98 km2 (42.46 sq mi)
Het Hogeland	1966	Groningen	48,022	101/km2 (260/sq mi)	476.64 km2 (184.03 sq mi)
Heumen	0252	Gelderland	17,175	432/km2 (1,120/sq mi)	39.93 km2 (15.42 sq mi)
Heusden	0797	North Brabant	45,557	578/km2 (1,500/sq mi)	78.86 km2 (30.45 sq mi)
Hillegom	0534	South Holland	22,312	1,736/km2 (4,500/sq mi)	12.26 km2 (4.73 sq mi)
Hilvarenbeek	0798	North Brabant	15,810	167/km2 (430/sq mi)	94.47 km2 (36.48 sq mi)
Hilversum	0402	North Holland	91,733	2,013/km2 (5,210/sq mi)	45.58 km2 (17.60 sq mi)
Hoeksche Waard	1963	South Holland	88,715	330/km2 (850/sq mi)	268.84 km2 (103.80 sq mi)
Hof van Twente	1735	Overijssel	35,056	165/km2 (430/sq mi)	212.23 km2 (81.94 sq mi)
Hollands Kroon	1911	North Holland	48,778	136/km2 (350/sq mi)	357.73 km2 (138.12 sq mi)
Hoogeveen	0118	Drenthe	55,857	438/km2 (1,130/sq mi)	127.74 km2 (49.32 sq mi)
Hoorn	0405	North Holland	74,298	3,647/km2 (9,450/sq mi)	20.07 km2 (7.75 sq mi)
Horst aan de Maas	1507	Limburg	43,039	228/km2 (590/sq mi)	188.87 km2 (72.92 sq mi)
Houten	0321	Utrecht	50,323	917/km2 (2,380/sq mi)	54.4 km2 (21.00 sq mi)
Huizen	0406	North Holland	40,938	2,589/km2 (6,710/sq mi)	15.51 km2 (5.99 sq mi)
Hulst	0677	Zeeland	27,533	137/km2 (350/sq mi)	201.16 km2 (77.67 sq mi)
IJsselstein	0353	Utrecht	33,429	1,591/km2 (4,120/sq mi)	21.11 km2 (8.15 sq mi)
Kaag en Braassem	1884	South Holland	27,895	442/km2 (1,140/sq mi)	63.33 km2 (24.45 sq mi)
Kampen	0166	Overijssel	54,791	388/km2 (1,000/sq mi)	141.13 km2 (54.49 sq mi)
Kapelle	0678	Zeeland	13,020	351/km2 (910/sq mi)	37.73 km2 (14.57 sq mi)
Katwijk	0537	South Holland	66,032	2,662/km2 (6,890/sq mi)	24.41 km2 (9.42 sq mi)
Kerkrade	0928	Limburg	45,324	2,069/km2 (5,360/sq mi)	21.11 km2 (8.15 sq mi)
Koggenland	1598	North Holland	23,048	287/km2 (740/sq mi)	80.06 km2 (30.91 sq mi)
Krimpen aan den IJssel	0542	South Holland	29,415	3,833/km2 (9,930/sq mi)	7.77 km2 (3.00 sq mi)
Krimpenerwaard	1931	South Holland	57,062	385/km2 (1,000/sq mi)	148.82 km2 (57.46 sq mi)
Laarbeek	1659	North Brabant	22,943	414/km2 (1,070/sq mi)	55.55 km2 (21.45 sq mi)
Land van Cuijk	1982	North Brabant	90,707	266/km2 (690/sq mi)	341.16 km2 (131.72 sq mi)
Landgraaf	0882	Limburg	37,023	1,506/km2 (3,900/sq mi)	24.48 km2 (9.45 sq mi)
Landsmeer	0415	North Holland	11,560	515/km2 (1,330/sq mi)	22.24 km2 (8.59 sq mi)
Lansingerland	1621	South Holland	64,110	1,203/km2 (3,120/sq mi)	53.37 km2 (20.61 sq mi)
Laren	0417	North Holland	11,528	929/km2 (2,410/sq mi)	12.21 km2 (4.71 sq mi)
Leeuwarden	0080	Friesland	125,504	528/km2 (1,370/sq mi)	237.75 km2 (91.80 sq mi)
Leiden	0546	South Holland	125,074	5,724/km2 (14,830/sq mi)	21.15 km2 (8.17 sq mi)
Leiderdorp	0547	South Holland	27,464	2,389/km2 (6,190/sq mi)	11.1 km2 (4.29 sq mi)
Leidschendam-Voorburg	1916	South Holland	76,659	2,351/km2 (6,090/sq mi)	32.21 km2 (12.44 sq mi)
Lelystad	0995	Flevoland	81,214	355/km2 (920/sq mi)	229 km2 (88.42 sq mi)
Leudal	1640	Limburg	35,928	221/km2 (570/sq mi)	162.21 km2 (62.63 sq mi)
Leusden	0327	Utrecht	30,713	525/km2 (1,360/sq mi)	58.81 km2 (22.71 sq mi)
Lingewaard	1705	Gelderland	46,963	758/km2 (1,960/sq mi)	61.16 km2 (23.61 sq mi)
Lisse	0553	South Holland	23,015	1,466/km2 (3,800/sq mi)	15.5 km2 (5.98 sq mi)
Lochem	0262	Gelderland	34,069	160/km2 (410/sq mi)	213.35 km2 (82.37 sq mi)
Loon op Zand	0809	North Brabant	23,768	476/km2 (1,230/sq mi)	49.92 km2 (19.27 sq mi)
Lopik	0331	Utrecht	14,512	192/km2 (500/sq mi)	75.56 km2 (29.17 sq mi)
Losser	0168	Overijssel	23,084	234/km2 (610/sq mi)	98.84 km2 (38.16 sq mi)
Maasdriel	0263	Gelderland	25,504	387/km2 (1,000/sq mi)	65.58 km2 (25.32 sq mi)
Maasgouw	1641	Limburg	24,028	526/km2 (1,360/sq mi)	45.5 km2 (17.57 sq mi)
Maashorst	1991	North Brabant	58,362	425/km2 (1,100/sq mi)	137.73 km2 (53.18 sq mi)
Maassluis	0556	South Holland	34,148	4,044/km2 (10,470/sq mi)	8.84 km2 (3.41 sq mi)
Maastricht	0935	Limburg	121,151	2,172/km2 (5,630/sq mi)	55.59 km2 (21.46 sq mi)
Medemblik	0420	North Holland	45,464	375/km2 (970/sq mi)	121.13 km2 (46.77 sq mi)
Meerssen	0938	Limburg	18,581	695/km2 (1,800/sq mi)	26.63 km2 (10.28 sq mi)
Meierijstad	1948	North Brabant	82,613	449/km2 (1,160/sq mi)	184 km2 (71.04 sq mi)
Meppel	0119	Drenthe	34,761	626/km2 (1,620/sq mi)	55.5 km2 (21.43 sq mi)
Middelburg	0687	Zeeland	49,199	1,017/km2 (2,630/sq mi)	48.88 km2 (18.87 sq mi)
Midden-Delfland	1842	South Holland	19,484	413/km2 (1,070/sq mi)	47.79 km2 (18.45 sq mi)
Midden-Drenthe	1731	Drenthe	33,689	99/km2 (260/sq mi)	340.02 km2 (131.28 sq mi)
Midden-Groningen	1952	Groningen	60,898	219/km2 (570/sq mi)	277.75 km2 (107.24 sq mi)
Moerdijk	1709	North Brabant	37,313	234/km2 (610/sq mi)	159.97 km2 (61.76 sq mi)
Molenlanden	1978	South Holland	44,644	246/km2 (640/sq mi)	181.17 km2 (69.95 sq mi)
Montferland	1955	Gelderland	36,359	344/km2 (890/sq mi)	105.5 km2 (40.73 sq mi)
Montfoort	0335	Utrecht	13,818	368/km2 (950/sq mi)	37.78 km2 (14.59 sq mi)
Mook en Middelaar	0944	Limburg	7,989	459/km2 (1,190/sq mi)	17.79 km2 (6.87 sq mi)
Neder-Betuwe	1740	Gelderland	25,032	417/km2 (1,080/sq mi)	59.99 km2 (23.16 sq mi)
Nederweert	0946	Limburg	17,323	173/km2 (450/sq mi)	99.9 km2 (38.57 sq mi)
Nieuwegein	0356	Utrecht	64,554	2,757/km2 (7,140/sq mi)	23.32 km2 (9.00 sq mi)
Nieuwkoop	0569	South Holland	29,304	373/km2 (970/sq mi)	78.86 km2 (30.45 sq mi)
Nijkerk	0267	Gelderland	44,311	639/km2 (1,660/sq mi)	69.92 km2 (27.00 sq mi)
Nijmegen	0268	Gelderland	179,100	3,392/km2 (8,790/sq mi)	52.21 km2 (20.16 sq mi)
Nissewaard	1930	South Holland	86,332	1,178/km2 (3,050/sq mi)	73.31 km2 (28.31 sq mi)
Noardeast-Fryslân	1970	Friesland	45,593	120/km2 (310/sq mi)	379.92 km2 (146.69 sq mi)
Noord-Beveland	1695	Zeeland	7,668	89/km2 (230/sq mi)	86 km2 (33.20 sq mi)
Noordenveld	1699	Drenthe	31,238	157/km2 (410/sq mi)	199.91 km2 (77.19 sq mi)
Noordoostpolder	0171	Flevoland	48,048	105/km2 (270/sq mi)	458.89 km2 (177.18 sq mi)
Noordwijk	0575	South Holland	44,365	760/km2 (2,000/sq mi)	58.84 km2 (22.72 sq mi)
Nuenen, Gerwen en Nederwetten	0820	North Brabant	23,826	708/km2 (1,830/sq mi)	33.35 km2 (12.88 sq mi)
Nunspeet	0302	Gelderland	28,223	219/km2 (570/sq mi)	128.83 km2 (49.74 sq mi)
Oegstgeest	0579	South Holland	25,499	3,496/km2 (9,050/sq mi)	7.79 km2 (3.01 sq mi)
Oirschot	0823	North Brabant	19,061	187/km2 (480/sq mi)	101.19 km2 (39.07 sq mi)
Oisterwijk	0824	North Brabant	32,503	406/km2 (1,050/sq mi)	80.01 km2 (30.89 sq mi)
Oldambt	1895	Groningen	38,521	170/km2 (440/sq mi)	226.67 km2 (87.52 sq mi)
Oldebroek	0269	Gelderland	23,930	245/km2 (630/sq mi)	97.76 km2 (37.75 sq mi)
Oldenzaal	0173	Overijssel	31,741	1,473/km2 (3,820/sq mi)	21.15 km2 (8.17 sq mi)
Olst-Wijhe	1773	Overijssel	18,496	163/km2 (420/sq mi)	113.36 km2 (43.77 sq mi)
Ommen	0175	Overijssel	18,457	103/km2 (270/sq mi)	179.95 km2 (69.48 sq mi)
Oost Gelre	1586	Gelderland	29,603	269/km2 (700/sq mi)	109.93 km2 (42.44 sq mi)
Oosterhout	0826	North Brabant	56,535	791/km2 (2,050/sq mi)	71.13 km2 (27.46 sq mi)
Ooststellingwerf	0085	Friesland	25,680	115/km2 (300/sq mi)	223.3 km2 (86.22 sq mi)
Oostzaan	0431	North Holland	9,639	834/km2 (2,160/sq mi)	11.16 km2 (4.31 sq mi)
Opmeer	0432	North Holland	12,074	291/km2 (750/sq mi)	41.18 km2 (15.90 sq mi)
Opsterland	0086	Friesland	29,791	133/km2 (340/sq mi)	224.4 km2 (86.64 sq mi)
Oss	0828	North Brabant	93,307	576/km2 (1,490/sq mi)	162.21 km2 (62.63 sq mi)
Oude IJsselstreek	1509	Gelderland	39,387	289/km2 (750/sq mi)	136.67 km2 (52.77 sq mi)
Ouder-Amstel	0437	North Holland	14,212	593/km2 (1,540/sq mi)	23.35 km2 (9.02 sq mi)
Oudewater	0589	Utrecht	10,159	261/km2 (680/sq mi)	38.8 km2 (14.98 sq mi)
Overbetuwe	1734	Gelderland	48,266	443/km2 (1,150/sq mi)	109.93 km2 (42.44 sq mi)
Papendrecht	0590	South Holland	32,208	3,421/km2 (8,860/sq mi)	9.91 km2 (3.83 sq mi)
Peel en Maas	1894	Limburg	44,278	278/km2 (720/sq mi)	159.95 km2 (61.76 sq mi)
Pekela	0765	Groningen	12,196	249/km2 (640/sq mi)	49.94 km2 (19.28 sq mi)
Pijnacker-Nootdorp	1926	South Holland	56,572	1,534/km2 (3,970/sq mi)	36.67 km2 (14.16 sq mi)
Purmerend	0439	North Holland	92,240	985/km2 (2,550/sq mi)	93.31 km2 (36.03 sq mi)
Putten	0273	Gelderland	24,598	289/km2 (750/sq mi)	85.51 km2 (33.02 sq mi)
Raalte	0177	Overijssel	38,140	223/km2 (580/sq mi)	170.07 km2 (65.66 sq mi)
Reimerswaal	0703	Zeeland	22,920	225/km2 (580/sq mi)	101.16 km2 (39.06 sq mi)
Renkum	0274	Gelderland	31,358	682/km2 (1,770/sq mi)	45.56 km2 (17.59 sq mi)
Renswoude	0339	Utrecht	5,651	307/km2 (800/sq mi)	18.89 km2 (7.29 sq mi)
Reusel-De Mierden	1667	North Brabant	13,271	171/km2 (440/sq mi)	77.71 km2 (30.00 sq mi)
Rheden	0275	Gelderland	43,435	531/km2 (1,380/sq mi)	81.17 km2 (31.34 sq mi)
Rhenen	0340	Utrecht	20,265	482/km2 (1,250/sq mi)	42.22 km2 (16.30 sq mi)
Ridderkerk	0597	South Holland	47,099	2,006/km2 (5,200/sq mi)	23.38 km2 (9.03 sq mi)
Rijssen-Holten	1742	Overijssel	38,231	406/km2 (1,050/sq mi)	94.42 km2 (36.46 sq mi)
Rijswijk	0603	South Holland	56,941	4,078/km2 (10,560/sq mi)	13.36 km2 (5.16 sq mi)
Roerdalen	1669	Limburg	20,558	233/km2 (600/sq mi)	88.81 km2 (34.29 sq mi)
Roermond	0957	Limburg	59,184	976/km2 (2,530/sq mi)	60.04 km2 (23.18 sq mi)
Roosendaal	1674	North Brabant	77,244	725/km2 (1,880/sq mi)	106.6 km2 (41.16 sq mi)
Rotterdam	0599	South Holland	655,468	3,001/km2 (7,770/sq mi)	218.82 km2 (84.49 sq mi)
Rozendaal	0277	Gelderland	1,756	63/km2 (160/sq mi)	27.7 km2 (10.70 sq mi)
Rucphen	0840	North Brabant	23,326	362/km2 (940/sq mi)	64.48 km2 (24.90 sq mi)
Schagen	0441	North Holland	46,833	279/km2 (720/sq mi)	167.79 km2 (64.78 sq mi)
Scherpenzeel	0279	Gelderland	10,317	748/km2 (1,940/sq mi)	13.39 km2 (5.17 sq mi)
Schiedam	0606	South Holland	79,644	4,472/km2 (11,580/sq mi)	17.71 km2 (6.84 sq mi)
Schiermonnikoog	0088	Friesland	944	22/km2 (57/sq mi)	42.23 km2 (16.31 sq mi)
Schouwen-Duiveland	1676	Zeeland	34,152	149/km2 (390/sq mi)	228.8 km2 (88.34 sq mi)
Simpelveld	0965	Limburg	10,425	650/km2 (1,700/sq mi)	16.63 km2 (6.42 sq mi)
Sint-Michielsgestel	0845	North Brabant	29,731	510/km2 (1,300/sq mi)	58.85 km2 (22.72 sq mi)
Sittard-Geleen	1883	Limburg	91,719	1,167/km2 (3,020/sq mi)	78.81 km2 (30.43 sq mi)
Sliedrecht	0610	South Holland	25,897	2,016/km2 (5,220/sq mi)	12.25 km2 (4.73 sq mi)
Sluis	1714	Zeeland	23,141	83/km2 (210/sq mi)	278.8 km2 (107.65 sq mi)
Smallingerland	0090	Friesland	55,895	477/km2 (1,240/sq mi)	117.77 km2 (45.47 sq mi)
Soest	0342	Utrecht	47,113	1,019/km2 (2,640/sq mi)	46.65 km2 (18.01 sq mi)
Someren	0847	North Brabant	19,701	246/km2 (640/sq mi)	80.0 km2 (30.89 sq mi)
Son en Breugel	0848	North Brabant	17,775	685/km2 (1,770/sq mi)	25.55 km2 (9.86 sq mi)
Stadskanaal	0037	Groningen	31,851	271/km2 (700/sq mi)	117.73 km2 (45.46 sq mi)
Staphorst	0180	Overijssel	17,282	129/km2 (330/sq mi)	133.34 km2 (51.48 sq mi)
Stede Broec	0532	North Holland	21,947	1,515/km2 (3,920/sq mi)	14.48 km2 (5.59 sq mi)
Steenbergen	0851	North Brabant	24,333	166/km2 (430/sq mi)	146.6 km2 (56.60 sq mi)
Steenwijkerland	1708	Overijssel	44,741	155/km2 (400/sq mi)	288.81 km2 (111.51 sq mi)
Stein	0971	Limburg	24,803	1,185/km2 (3,070/sq mi)	20.02 km2 (7.73 sq mi)
Stichtse Vecht	1904	Utrecht	65,240	679/km2 (1,760/sq mi)	96.64 km2 (37.31 sq mi)
Súdwest-Fryslân	1900	Friesland	90,300	173/km2 (450/sq mi)	522.2 km2 (201.62 sq mi)
Terneuzen	0715	Zeeland	54,501	218/km2 (560/sq mi)	250.03 km2 (96.54 sq mi)
Terschelling	0093	Friesland	4,960	57/km2 (150/sq mi)	87.71 km2 (33.87 sq mi)
Texel	0448	North Holland	13,687	84/km2 (220/sq mi)	162.26 km2 (62.65 sq mi)
Teylingen	1525	South Holland	37,942	1,340/km2 (3,500/sq mi)	28.82 km2 (11.13 sq mi)
The Hague	0518	South Holland	553,417	6,712/km2 (17,380/sq mi)	82.26 km2 (31.76 sq mi)
Tholen	0716	Zeeland	26,401	180/km2 (470/sq mi)	146.62 km2 (56.61 sq mi)
Tiel	0281	Gelderland	42,277	1,289/km2 (3,340/sq mi)	32.2 km2 (12.43 sq mi)
Tilburg	0855	North Brabant	224,459	1,783/km2 (4,620/sq mi)	125.59 km2 (48.49 sq mi)
Tubbergen	0183	Overijssel	21,364	145/km2 (380/sq mi)	147 km2 (56.76 sq mi)
Twenterand	1700	Overijssel	33,718	318/km2 (820/sq mi)	106.64 km2 (41.17 sq mi)
Tynaarlo	1730	Drenthe	34,221	240/km2 (620/sq mi)	142.28 km2 (54.93 sq mi)
Tytsjerksteradiel	0737	Friesland	32,282	217/km2 (560/sq mi)	148.83 km2 (57.46 sq mi)
Uitgeest	0450	North Holland	13,563	708/km2 (1,830/sq mi)	19.96 km2 (7.71 sq mi)
Uithoorn	0451	North Holland	31,018	1,712/km2 (4,430/sq mi)	18.82 km2 (7.27 sq mi)
Urk	0184	Flevoland	21,468	1,634/km2 (4,230/sq mi)	13.34 km2 (5.15 sq mi)
Utrecht	0344	Utrecht	361,699	3,857/km2 (9,990/sq mi)	93.37 km2 (36.05 sq mi)
Utrechtse Heuvelrug	1581	Utrecht	49,981	379/km2 (980/sq mi)	132.22 km2 (51.05 sq mi)
Vaals	0981	Limburg	10,135	424/km2 (1,100/sq mi)	23.39 km2 (9.03 sq mi)
Valkenburg aan de Geul	0994	Limburg	16,167	440/km2 (1,100/sq mi)	36.63 km2 (14.14 sq mi)
Valkenswaard	0858	North Brabant	31,236	569/km2 (1,470/sq mi)	54.41 km2 (21.01 sq mi)
Veendam	0047	Groningen	27,466	362/km2 (940/sq mi)	75.53 km2 (29.16 sq mi)
Veenendaal	0345	Utrecht	67,671	3,484/km2 (9,020/sq mi)	19.92 km2 (7.69 sq mi)
Veere	0717	Zeeland	21,850	164/km2 (420/sq mi)	132.29 km2 (51.08 sq mi)
Veldhoven	0861	North Brabant	45,822	1,446/km2 (3,750/sq mi)	31.18 km2 (12.04 sq mi)
Velsen	0453	North Holland	68,482	1,521/km2 (3,940/sq mi)	45.53 km2 (17.58 sq mi)
Venlo	0983	Limburg	102,136	823/km2 (2,130/sq mi)	124.46 km2 (48.05 sq mi)
Venray	0984	Limburg	43,964	269/km2 (700/sq mi)	163.38 km2 (63.08 sq mi)
Vijfheerenlanden	1961	Utrecht	58,788	402/km2 (1,040/sq mi)	146.68 km2 (56.63 sq mi)
Vlaardingen	0622	South Holland	74,143	3,174/km2 (8,220/sq mi)	23.36 km2 (9.02 sq mi)
Vlieland	0096	Friesland	1,195	29/km2 (75/sq mi)	41.14 km2 (15.88 sq mi)
Vlissingen	0718	Zeeland	44,585	1,297/km2 (3,360/sq mi)	34.47 km2 (13.31 sq mi)
Voerendaal	0986	Limburg	12,426	394/km2 (1,020/sq mi)	31.11 km2 (12.01 sq mi)
Voorschoten	0626	South Holland	25,627	2,306/km2 (5,970/sq mi)	11.11 km2 (4.29 sq mi)
Voorst	0285	Gelderland	24,994	203/km2 (530/sq mi)	122.23 km2 (47.19 sq mi)
Vught	0865	North Brabant	31,783	530/km2 (1,400/sq mi)	60.02 km2 (23.17 sq mi)
Waadhoeke	1949	Friesland	46,309	162/km2 (420/sq mi)	285.52 km2 (110.24 sq mi)
Waalre	0866	North Brabant	17,626	787/km2 (2,040/sq mi)	22.28 km2 (8.60 sq mi)
Waalwijk	0867	North Brabant	49,342	765/km2 (1,980/sq mi)	64.44 km2 (24.88 sq mi)
Waddinxveen	0627	South Holland	31,342	1,129/km2 (2,920/sq mi)	27.75 km2 (10.71 sq mi)
Wageningen	0289	Gelderland	39,939	1,313/km2 (3,400/sq mi)	30.02 km2 (11.59 sq mi)
Wassenaar	0629	South Holland	27,115	530/km2 (1,400/sq mi)	51.18 km2 (19.76 sq mi)
Waterland	0852	North Holland	17,343	334/km2 (870/sq mi)	51.19 km2 (19.76 sq mi)
Weert	0988	Limburg	50,346	483/km2 (1,250/sq mi)	104.45 km2 (40.33 sq mi)
West Betuwe	1960	Gelderland	51,971	241/km2 (620/sq mi)	215.53 km2 (83.22 sq mi)
West Maas en Waal	0668	Gelderland	19,675	258/km2 (670/sq mi)	76.69 km2 (29.61 sq mi)
Westerkwartier	1969	Groningen	64,306	177/km2 (460/sq mi)	362.23 km2 (139.86 sq mi)
Westerveld	1701	Drenthe	19,854	71/km2 (180/sq mi)	278.85 km2 (107.66 sq mi)
Westervoort	0293	Gelderland	14,944	2,131/km2 (5,520/sq mi)	7.71 km2 (2.98 sq mi)
Westerwolde	1950	Groningen	26,571	96/km2 (250/sq mi)	275.57 km2 (106.40 sq mi)
Westland	1783	South Holland	112,448	1,392/km2 (3,610/sq mi)	80.06 km2 (30.91 sq mi)
Weststellingwerf	0098	Friesland	26,278	119/km2 (310/sq mi)	220.0 km2 (84.94 sq mi)
Westvoorne	0614	South Holland	14,960	281/km2 (730/sq mi)	53.36 km2 (20.60 sq mi)
Wierden	0189	Overijssel	24,643	260/km2 (670/sq mi)	94.4 km2 (36.45 sq mi)
Wijchen	0296	Gelderland	41,344	626/km2 (1,620/sq mi)	66.64 km2 (25.73 sq mi)
Wijdemeren	1696	North Holland	24,494	515/km2 (1,330/sq mi)	47.74 km2 (18.43 sq mi)
Wijk bij Duurstede	0352	Utrecht	23,921	503/km2 (1,300/sq mi)	47.78 km2 (18.45 sq mi)
Winterswijk	0294	Gelderland	29,185	211/km2 (550/sq mi)	138.83 km2 (53.60 sq mi)
Woensdrecht	0873	North Brabant	22,112	241/km2 (620/sq mi)	91.16 km2 (35.20 sq mi)
Woerden	0632	Utrecht	52,882	597/km2 (1,550/sq mi)	88.85 km2 (34.31 sq mi)
Wormerland	0880	North Holland	16,381	425/km2 (1,100/sq mi)	38.81 km2 (14.98 sq mi)
Woudenberg	0351	Utrecht	13,873	380/km2 (980/sq mi)	36.62 km2 (14.14 sq mi)
Zaanstad	0479	North Holland	157,166	2,131/km2 (5,520/sq mi)	73.34 km2 (28.32 sq mi)
Zaltbommel	0297	Gelderland	29,957	381/km2 (990/sq mi)	78.85 km2 (30.44 sq mi)
Zandvoort	0473	North Holland	17,107	533/km2 (1,380/sq mi)	32.28 km2 (12.46 sq mi)
Zeewolde	0050	Flevoland	23,348	94/km2 (240/sq mi)	247.71 km2 (95.64 sq mi)
Zeist	0355	Utrecht	65,987	1,361/km2 (3,520/sq mi)	48.8 km2 (18.84 sq mi)
Zevenaar	0299	Gelderland	44,645	482/km2 (1,250/sq mi)	92.22 km2 (35.61 sq mi)
Zoetermeer	0637	South Holland	125,767	3,653/km2 (9,460/sq mi)	34.43 km2 (13.29 sq mi)
Zoeterwoude	0638	South Holland	9,302	440/km2 (1,100/sq mi)	21.16 km2 (8.17 sq mi)
Zuidplas	1892	South Holland	45,794	790/km2 (2,000/sq mi)	57.76 km2 (22.30 sq mi)
Zundert	0879	North Brabant	22,260	185/km2 (480/sq mi)	120.09 km2 (46.37 sq mi)
Zutphen	0301	Gelderland	48,330	1,181/km2 (3,060/sq mi)	40.02 km2 (15.45 sq mi)
Zwartewaterland	1896	Overijssel	23,012	279/km2 (720/sq mi)	82.26 km2 (31.76 sq mi)
Zwijndrecht	0642	South Holland	44,789	2,206/km2 (5,710/sq mi)	20.01 km2 (7.73 sq mi)
Zwolle	0193	Overijssel	130,668	1,181/km2 (3,060/sq mi)	110.07 km2 (42.50 sq mi)

Special municipalities[edit]

Municipality	Capital	Population[f][27]	Population density[g]	Area[h][28]	Map
Bonaire	Kralendijk	20,915	73/km2 (190/sq mi)	288 km2 (111.20 sq mi)
Saba	The Bottom	1,933	149/km2 (390/sq mi)	13 km2 (5.02 sq mi)
Sint Eustatius	Oranjestad	3,139	149/km2 (390/sq mi)	21 km2 (8.11 sq mi)