Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) Introduction Thomas Jefferson served as the first Secretary of State from March 22, 1790, to December 31, 1793. Jefferson brought remarkable talents to a long career guiding U.S. foreign affairs. He successfully balanced the country’s relatively weak geopolitical position and his fear of expansive federal powers with his desire for U.S. territorial
Article 29. Parliament shall meet in extraordinary session, at the request of the Prime Minister or of the majority of the Members of the National Assembly, to debate a specific agenda. Where an extraordinary session is held at the request of Members of the National Assembly, this session shall be closed by decree once all
Article 28. Parliament shall sit as of right in one ordinary session which shall start on the first working day of October and shall end on the last working day of June. The number of days for which each House may sit during the ordinary session shall not exceed one hundred and twenty. The number
Article 27. No Member shall be elected with any binding mandate. Members’ right to vote shall be exercised in person. An Institutional Act may, in exceptional cases, authorize voting by proxy. In that event, no Member shall be given more than one proxy. Complete: constitution-of-france/
Article 26. No Member of Parliament shall be prosecuted, investigated, arrested, detained or tried in respect of opinions expressed or votes cast in the performance of his official duties. No Member of Parliament shall be arrested for a serious crime or other major offence, nor shall he be subjected to any other custodial or semi-custodial
Article 25. An Institutional Act shall determine the term for which each House is elected, the number of its members, their allowances, the conditions of eligibility and the terms of disqualification and of incompatibility with membership. It shall likewise determine the manner of election of those persons called upon to replace Members of the National
Article 24. Parliament shall pass statutes. It shall monitor the action of the Government. It shall assess public policies. It shall comprise the National Assembly and the Senate. Members of the National Assembly, whose number shall not exceed five hundred and seventy-seven, shall be elected by direct suffrage. The Senate, whose members shall not exceed
Article 23. Membership of the Government shall be incompatible with the holding of any Parliamentary office, any position of professional representation at national level, any public employment or any professional activity. An Institutional Act shall determine the manner in which the holders of such offices, positions or employment shall be replaced. The replacement of Members
Article 22. Instruments of the Prime Minister shall be countersigned, where required, by the ministers responsible for their implementation. Complete: constitution-of-france/
Article 21. The Prime Minister shall direct the actions of the Government. He shall be responsible for national defence. He shall ensure the implementation of legislation. Subject to article 13, he shall have power to make regulations and shall make appointments to civil and military posts. He may delegate certain of his powers to Ministers.