Deaths in August 2020

The following is a list of notable deaths in August 2020.

Entries for each day are listed alphabetically by surname. A typical entry lists information in the following sequence:

  • Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent country of citizenship (if applicable), reason for notability, cause of death (if known), and reference.

August 2020

1

  • José Vicente Anaya, 73, Mexican writer, poet and cultural journalist.
  • Pablo Aranda, 52, Spanish writer, stomach cancer.
  • Eduardo Arias, 64, Panamanian whistleblower, cancer.
  • Frank Barnaby, 92, British nuclear physicist.
  • Wendy Blunsden, 77, Australian cricketer (national team).
  • Resurreccion Borra, 84, Filipino civil servant, Commissioner (2001–2008) and Chairman (2007–2008) of the Commission on Elections.
  • Leonardo Bragaglia, 87, Italian theater actor, director and writer.
  • Wilford Brimley, 85, American actor (The NaturalThe ThingCocoon) and singer, kidney disease.
  • Emil Ciocoiu, 71, Romanian painter and photographer.
  • David Darcy, 76, Australian football player (Western Bulldogs, South Adelaide) and coach.
  • Julio Diamante, 89, Spanish film director (The Art of LivingSex o no sex) and screenwriter.
  • Rickey Dixon, 53, American football player (Cincinnati Bengals, Los Angeles Raiders, Oklahoma Sooners), Jim Thorpe Award winner (1987), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
  • Alex Dupont, 66, French football player and manager (Dunkerque, Sedan, Ajaccio).
  • Getúlio Teixeira Guimarães, 82, Brazilian Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Cornélio Procópio (1984–2014), cardiac complications.
  • Feri Horvat, 78, Slovenian politician, Speaker of the National Assembly (2004).
  • Sally Jacobs, 87, British stage designer.
  • Alexandre Keresztessy, 81, Hungarian-born Belgian TV producer (RTBF).
  • Vitold Kreyer, 87, Russian triple jumper, Olympic bronze medallist (1956, 1960).
  • Lawrence Laurent, 95, American television critic (Washington Post).
  • Kartika Liotard, 49, Dutch politician, MEP (2004–2014).
  • Geoffrey P. Megargee, 60, American historian.
  • Stan Mellor, 83, British National Hunt jockey and horse trainer, Champion Jockey (1960–1962).
  • Pydikondala Manikyala Rao, 58, Indian politician, Andhra Pradesh MLA (2014–2019), COVID-19.
  • Tony Morris, 57, British newsreader (ITV Granada), kidney cancer.
  • Abdul Hay Mosallam Zarara, 87, Palestinian artist.
  • Henk Paanen, 102, Dutch sports director.
  • Rodney H. Pardey, 75, American poker player, complications from a stroke.
  • Tom Pollock, 77, American studio executive (Universal Pictures, The Montecito Picture Company) and film producer (Hitchcock), heart attack.
  • Ragnheiður Ásta Pétursdóttir, 79, Icelandic radio presenter.
  • Rosemary Radley-Smith, 81, British paediatric cardiologist, cancer.
  • Harley Redin, 100, American basketball coach.
  • Reni Santoni, 82, American actor (Dirty HarryEnter Laughing28 Days).
  • Hans Scheepmaker, 69, Dutch television (Onderweg naar MorgenGoudkust) and film director (Field of Honor), wasp attack.
  • Harold Scheraga, 98, American biophysicist.
  • M. S. Sellasamy, 93, Sri Lankan unionist and politician.
  • Khosrow Sinai, 79, Iranian film director (In the Alleys of Love), COVID-19.
  • Amar Singh, 64, Indian politician, MP (since 1996), kidney failure.
  • Stan Statham, 81, American politician, member of the California State Assembly (1976–1994), heart attack.
  • Ross Warner, 76, Australian rugby league player (North Sydney Bears, New South Wales).
  • Douglas Wiseman, 90, Canadian politician, Ontario MPP (1971–1990).

2

  • Saïd Amara, 87, Algerian football player (Béziers, Bordeaux, national team) and manager.
  • Samia Amin, 75, Egyptian actress.
  • Gregory Areshian, 71, Armenian archaeologist.
  • Antony F. Campbell, 85, New Zealand-born Australian Old Testament scholar.
  • Jerry Chipman, 79, American actor (21 Grams) and non-profit executive, spokesperson for St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, complications from heart surgery.
  • Alan Cowley, 86, British-born American chemist.
  • Umesh Dastane, 63, Indian cricketer (Railways).
  • Marie-Hélène Descamps, 82, French politician, MEP (2002–2009).
  • Bruno Dettori, 78, Italian politician, Senator (2001–2006).
  • Leon Fleisher, 92, American pianist, cancer.
  • Syed Iftikhar Ul Hassan, 78, Pakistani politician, MP (since 2013).
  • V. Krishnasamy, 72, Malaysian footballer (Penang, Perak, national team).
  • Douglas Latchford, 89, British art and antiques dealer.
  • Jean-Louis Leonetti, 82, French football player (Marseille, Rouen, Angoulême) and manager.
  • Larry Novak, 87, American jazz pianist.
  • Mark Ormrod, 62, English historian, bowel cancer.
  • Suzanne Perlman, 97, Hungarian-Dutch painter.
  • Keith Pontin, 64, Welsh footballer (Cardiff City, Barry Town, national team).
  • Bobby Prescott, 89, Panamanian baseball player (Kansas City Athletics).
  • Leslie Randall, 95, English actor (Billy LiarEmmerdaleGoal!). (death announced on this date)
  • Rip Van Winkle, 14, Irish racehorse and sire.
  • Tootie Robbins, 62, American football player (Arizona Cardinals, Green Bay Packers), COVID-19.
  • Yael Renan, 72–73, Israeli writer and translator.
  • Bob Ryland, 100, American tennis player.
  • Anant Shet, 59, Indian politician, Goa MLA (2007–2017).
  • Trinidad Simó Terol, 85, Spanish architectural historian.
  • Satyanarayan Singh, 77, Indian politician, Bihar MLA (1990–2000), COVID-19.
  • Albert Somit, 100, American political scientist.
  • Ryōko Tateishi, 68, Japanese actress, lung cancer.
  • Ángela Teresa Bielus, 80, Argentine architect.
  • Carol A. Timmons, 62, American military general, Adjutant General of the Delaware National Guard (2017–2019).
  • Dick Trachok, 94, American college football coach and athletic director (Nevada Wolf Pack).
  • Zhaksylyk Ushkempirov, 69, Kazakh wrestler, Olympic champion (1980).
  • Kamal Rani Varun, 62, Indian politician, MP (1996–1999) and Uttar Pradesh MLA (since 2017), COVID-19.
  • Wang Hai, 94, Chinese fighter pilot, Commander of the PLA Air Force (1985–1992).

3

  • ATM Alamgir, 70, Bangladeshi politician, MP (1991–1996), COVID-19.
  • Goldie Alexander, 83, Australian author.
  • Dani Anwar, 52, Indonesian politician, Senator (2009–2014), COVID-19.
  • Ralph Barbieri, 74, American sports radio host (KNBR), Parkinson’s disease.
  • Mohammad Barkatullah, 76, Bangladeshi television producer, COVID-19.
  • Carmine Benincasa, 72, Italian art historian.
  • M’hamed Benredouane, 69, Algerian politician.
  • David Bishop, 91, American politician, member of the Minnesota House of Representatives (1983–2002).
  • Ernesto Brambilla, 86, Italian Grand Prix motorcycle road racer and racing driver.
  • Lorenzo Chiarinelli, 85, Italian Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Sora-Cassino-Aquino-Pontecorvo (1983–1993), Aversa (1993–1997) and Viterbo (1997–2010).
  • Roger De Pauw, 99, Belgian Olympic cyclist (1948).
  • Philippe Frémeaux, 70, French journalist.
  • Billy Goldenberg, 84, American composer (KojakRhodaPlay It Again, Sam) and songwriter.
  • Shirley Ann Grau, 91, American writer (The Keepers of the House), Pulitzer winner (1965), complications from a stroke.
  • Eva Horáková, 50, Slovak dancer.
  • Pien-Chien Huang, 89, Chinese-American molecular biologist.
  • John Hume, 83, Irish politician, MP (1983–2005), MEP (1979–2004) and Foyle MLA (1998–2000), Nobel laureate (1998).
  • Benito Juarez, 86, Brazilian conductor.
  • Ralph Klassen, 64, Canadian ice hockey player (St. Louis Blues), cancer.
  • Celina Kofman, 95–96, Argentine political activist.
  • Hana Krampolová, 59, Czech actress.
  • Jürgen Kühl, 85, German Olympic sprinter (1956).
  • Luo Pei-ying, 59, Taiwanese actress. (body discovered on this date)
  • Pascal Martin, 67–68, French journalist.
  • Sean Martin, 69, American-born Canadian cartoonist (Doc and Raider), pancreatic cancer.
  • Ralf Metzenmacher, 56, German painter.
  • Mohammad Reza Navaei, 71, Iranian Olympic wrestler (1976).
  • Eduardo Márquez Obando, 76, Peruvian footballer (FBC Melgar).
  • John Okell, 86, British linguist.
  • Ernie Phythian, 78, English footballer (Wrexham, Hartlepool United, Bolton Wanderers).
  • Inés Rivadeneira, 91, Spanish operatic mezzo-soprano.
  • Ivan A. Schulman, 88–89, American literary critic.
  • Michael Peter Smith, 78, American songwriter (“The Dutchman”), colon cancer.
  • Adhe Tapontsang, 88, Tibetan dissident and political prisoner.
  • Isabelle Weingarten, 70, French actress (Four Nights of a DreamerThe State of ThingsThe Satin Slipper) and photographer.

4

  • Ebrahim Alkazi, 94, Indian theatre director, heart attack.
  • Frances Allen, 88, American computer scientist.
  • Manabendra Bandyopadhyay, 82, Indian author and translator.
  • Doris Buffett, 92, American philanthropist and writer.
  • Brent Carver, 68, Canadian actor (Kiss of the Spider WomanParadeThe Event), Tony winner (1993).
  • Murray Cheater, 73, New Zealand Olympic hammer thrower (1976).
  • Daisy Coleman, 23, American documentary subject (Audrie & Daisy) and sexual assault survivor, suicide.
  • Tony Costanza, 52, American metal drummer (Machine Head, Crowbar).
  • Joseph Thlama Dawha, 66, Nigerian chemical engineer, managing director of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (2014–2015).
  • Rajko Dujmić, 65, Croatian songwriter, composer and music producer (Novi fosili), traffic collision.
  • Dick Goddard, 89, American meteorologist (WJW), writer and cartoonist.
  • Jean-Paul Grangaud, 82, Algerian doctor and professor.
  • Hu Ping, 90, Chinese politician, Minister of Commerce (1988–1993) and Governor of Fujian (1983–1987).
  • Willie Hunter, 80, Scottish football player (Motherwell, national team) and manager (Queen of the South).
  • Eddie Ilarde, 85, Filipino broadcaster (Student Canteen) and politician, member of the House of Representatives (1965–1969) and Senate (1972).
  • Aída Kancepolski, 96, Argentine political activist.
  • Kuo Mei-chiang, 66–67, Taiwanese pastor.
  • Irene D. Long, 69, American physician.
  • Abdul Mannan, 77–78, Bangladeshi politician, Minister of Civil Aviation and Tourism (1991–1996).
  • Maurice Megennis, 90, English Olympic weightlifter (1952, 1956).
  • Pat O’Day, 86, American broadcaster (KJR).
  • Sunnam Rajaiah, 59, Indian politician, Andhra Pradesh MLA (1999–2009, since 2014), COVID-19.
  • Vangapandu Prasada Rao, 77, Indian poet and lyricist.
  • Irena Sedlecká, 91, Czech sculptor.
  • Karam Ali Shah, 86, Pakistani politician, Governor of Gilgit-Baltistan (2011–2015).
  • Moustapha Sourang, 71, Senegalese politician.
  • Andre Spencer, 56, American basketball player (Atlanta Hawks, Golden State Warriors, Sacramento Kings).
  • Jan Strelau, 89, Polish psychologist.
  • Bob Sykes, 93, American football player (Washington Redskins).
  • Ilse Uyttersprot, 53, Belgian politician, member of the Chamber of Representatives (2007–2010), mayor of Aalst (2007–2012), beaten.
  • Wouter Van Lierde, 57, Belgian actor.
  • Sergio Zavoli, 96, Italian journalist and politician, President of RAI (1980–1986) and Senator (2001–2018).
  • Alberto Zumarán, 79, Uruguayan politician, Senator (1984–1994).
  • Notable people killed in the 2020 Beirut explosion:
    • Jean-Marc Bonfils, 57, French architect.
    • Nazar Najarian, 63, Lebanese politician, secretary-general of the Kataeb Party (since 2018).

5

  • Hawa Abdi, 73, Somali human rights activist.
  • Gésio Amadeu, 73, Brazilian actor (They Don’t Wear Black Tie), COVID-19.
  • Eric Bentley, 103, British-born American theatre critic (The New Republic) and playwright.
  • Isidora Bjelica, 52, Serbian writer and playwright, cancer.
  • Claudine Cassereau, 66, French model and pageant winner, Miss France (1972).
  • John Chang Yik, 86, South Korean Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Chunchon (1994–2010).
  • Mario Chianese, 91, Italian painter and carver.
  • Horace Clarke, 81, American baseball player (New York Yankees, San Diego Padres).
  • Sadia Dehlvi, 63, Indian writer and columnist, cancer.
  • Michael Freilich, 66, American oceanographer, pancreatic cancer.
  • Pete Hamill, 85, American journalist (New York PostNew York Daily News), Grammy Award winner (1976), complications from a broken hip.
  • Agathonas Iakovidis, 65, Greek folk singer (“Alcohol Is Free”), heart attack.
  • Sümer Koçak, 58, Turkish Olympic wrestler (1984, 1988).
  • Cecil Leonard, 74, American football player (New York Jets, Birmingham Americans) and coach (A. H. Parker High School).
  • Stefan Majer, 90, Polish basketball player (Legia Warszawa) and trainer (national team).
  • Philippe Mongin, 70, French economist.
  • E. T. Narayanan Mooss, 86, Indian Ayurvedic physician.
  • María Victoria Morera, 64, Spanish diplomat, Ambassador to Belgium (2004–2007) and Germany (2017–2018), cancer.
  • Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar, 89, Indian politician, Maharashtra Chief Minister (1985–1986) and MLA (1962–2014), COVID-19.
  • Elmer Petersen, 91, American sculptor (World’s Largest Buffalo).
  • Anil Rathod, 70, Indian politician, Maharashtra MLA (1990–2014), cardiac arrest.
  • Pierre Robin, 92, French aeroplane designer.
  • Ken Robinson, 83, British Anglican priest.
  • Blanca Rodríguez, 94, Venezuelan socialite, First Lady (1974–1979, 1989–1993), respiratory failure.
  • Samir Sharma, 44, Indian actor (Kahaani Ghar Ghar KiiYeh Rishtey Hain Pyaar KeHasee Toh Phasee), suicide by hanging. (body discovered on this date)
  • Frédéric Jacques Temple, 98, French poet and writer.
  • Dick Tooth, 90, Australian rugby union player (Sydney University, national team) and orthopedic surgeon.
  • Ivanka Vancheva, 66, Bulgarian Olympic javelin thrower (1980).
  • Vasily Vlasenko, Soviet Olympic distance runner (1956).
  • Chip White, 73, American jazz drummer.
  • Aritana Yawalapiti, 70–71, Brazilian indigenous rights activist, cacique, and ecologist, COVID-19.

6

  • Boris Bobrinskoy, 95, French Eastern Orthodox theologian.
  • Lindsay Brown, 76, New Zealand accountant, chancellor of the University of Otago (2004–2008).
  • Bob Calhoun, 83, American politician, member of the Virginia Senate (1988–1996), prostate cancer.
  • Shyamal Chakraborty, 76, Indian politician, MP (2008–2014) and West Bengal MLA (1981–1996), COVID-19.
  • Ger Copper, 67, Dutch magician, world champion (1979) and Magical Arts Award winner (1977).
  • Amaresh Datta, 101, Indian literary critic and poet.
  • Louis Devoti, 93, French Olympic basketball player (1952).
  • Werner Düggelin, 90, Swiss theatre director.
  • Muslim Evloev, 25, Russian-born Kyrgyz wrestler, shot.
  • Toos Faber-de Heer, 91, Dutch journalist.
  • Wayne Fontana, 74, English singer (“The Game of Love”), cancer.
  • Nikolai van der Heyde, 84, Dutch film director (To Grab the RingLove Comes QuietlyHelp! The Doctor Is Drowning) and screenwriter.
  • Yolanda Huergo, 49, Spanish politician, cancer.
  • Beverley Jackson, 91, American writer and journalist.
  • Miriam Jiménez Román, 69, Puerto Rican academic, cancer.
  • Joke Kersten, 76, Dutch politician, member of the House of Representatives (1990–1994).
  • Fernanda Lapa, 77, Portuguese actress (Doce FugitivaA ImpostoraPedro e Inês).
  • Mukund Lath, 82, Indian cultural historian.
  • Wilbert McClure, 81, American boxer, Olympic champion (1960).
  • Edward Wilson Merrill, 96, American biomaterials scientist.
  • Louis Meznarie, 90, French automotive engineer.
  • John Nkadimeng, 93, South African politician and diplomat.
  • Solipeta Ramalinga Reddy, 57, Indian politician, Telangana MLA (since 2004), complications from circulatory surgery.
  • Judit Reigl, 97, Hungarian painter.
  • Lottie Louise Riekehof, 99, American ASL interpreter and author.
  • Vern Rumsey, 47, American bassist (Unwound, Fitz of Depression, Household Gods) and recording engineer.
  • Paul Schaffer, 95, Austrian-born French Holocaust survivor.
  • Brent Scowcroft, 95, American air force officer, National Security Adviser (1975–1977, 1989–1993).
  • Bernard Stiegler, 68, French philosopher (Technics and Time, 1).
  • Apisai Tora, 86, Fijian military officer and politician, MP (1972–1977, 2001–2006).
  • R. Venkataraman, 86, Indian cricketer (Madhya Pradesh, Vidarbha).
  • Pierre Viot, 95, French executive.

7

  • Abdullah Ahmed Abdullah, 57, Egyptian terrorist (Al-Qaeda), shot. 
  • Nando Angelini, 86, Italian actor (Il SorpassoBarabbasBloody Pit of Horror).
  • Bernard Bailyn, 97, American historian, Pulitzer Prize winner (1968, 1987).
  • Stan Bevans, 86, English footballer (Stoke City, Macclesfield Town).
  • Edward Bruner, 95, American anthropologist.
  • Tony Charmoli, 99, American dancer and choreographer.
  • Deidre Davis Butler, 64, American disability rights advocate.
  • Naima El Bezaz, 46, Moroccan-Dutch writer, suicide.
  • Jean-Louis Ferrary, 72, French historian.
  • Jean Gandois, 90, French industrial executive.
  • Ronnie Goodman, 60, American cartoonist and street artist.
  • Erich Gruenberg, 95, Austrian-born British violinist and teacher.
  • Tomáš Grulich, 69, Czech politician, Senator (2006–2018).
  • Charles K. Heiden, 95, American major general.
  • Tim Irwin, 80, Canadian Olympic sailor (1968).
  • Ramadhan Seif Kajembe, 66, Kenyan politician, MP (2007–2013).
  • Lungile Pepeta, 46, South African academic and paediatric cardiologist, executive dean of Nelson Mandela University, COVID-19.
  • Lê Khả Phiêu, 88, Vietnamese politician, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1997–2001).
  • Michael Ojo, 27, Nigerian-American basketball player (FMP, Crvena zvezda), heart attack.
  • Nina Popova, 97, Russian-born American ballet dancer, COVID-19.
  • Carlo Rolandi, 94, Italian Olympic sailor (1960).
  • Lorenzo Soria, 68, Argentine-born Italian studio executive, President of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association (since 2019), lung cancer.
  • Adin Steinsaltz, 83, Israeli Chabad Chasidic rabbi, lung infection.
  • Fred Stillkrauth, 81, German actor (Cross of Iron).
  • Gennadi Touretski, 71, Russian swimming coach.
  • Harvey D. Williams, 90, American army major general and activist, Deputy Inspector General of the U.S. Army (1980), Parkinson’s disease.
  • Stephen F. Williams, 83, American judge, member of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (since 1986), COVID-19.
  • Mark Wirtz, 76, French musician and record producer (A Teenage Opera), Pick’s disease.
  • Mike Yaschuk, 97, Canadian ice hockey player (Saskatoon Quakers, Streatham Redhawks).

8

  • V. Balakrishnan, 80, Indian politician, Tamil Nadu MLA (1980–1988), heart attack.
  • Salome Bey, 86, American-born Canadian singer.
  • Dóra S. Bjarnason, 73, Icelandic sociologist. (death announced on this date)
  • Pedro Casaldáliga, 92, Spanish-Brazilian Roman Catholic prelate, missionary and human rights activist, Bishop of São Félix do Araguaia (1971–2005).
  • Adam Comrie, 30, Canadian ice hockey player (Rochester Americans, Syracuse Crunch, EC KAC), traffic collision.
  • Bernard Fils-Aimé, 67, Haitian entrepreneur and activist, COVID-19.
  • Stefan Getsov, 90, Bulgarian footballer (Slavia Sofia).
  • Buruji Kashamu, 62, Nigerian politician, Senator (2015–2019), COVID-19.
  • Bert Laeyendecker, 90, Dutch sociologist.
  • Tekii Lazaro, 66, Cook Islands politician, MP (2011–2018).
  • Anthony Lester, Baron Lester of Herne Hill, 84, British barrister, member of the House of Lords (1993–2018).
  • Alfredo Lim, 90, Filipino politician, Senator (2004–2007) and Mayor of Manila (1992–1998, 2007–2013), COVID-19.
  • Morris McInnes, 80, British-American academic, cancer.
  • Gabriel Ochoa Uribe, 90, Colombian football player and manager (América, Millonarios, national team).
  • Konrad Steffen, 68, Swiss glaciologist, fall.
  • Jean Stewart, 89, New Zealand swimmer, Olympic bronze medalist (1952).
  • Robert J. Sunell, 91, American military officer.
  • Chica Xavier, 88, Brazilian actress (O Rei do GadoForça de um DesejoUm Só Coração), cancer.
  • Nandi Yellaiah, 78, Indian politician, MP (2014–2019), COVID-19.

9

  • Alauddin Ali, 67, Bangladeshi composer (Golapi Ekhon TraineSundoriKoshai), lung complications.
  • Fips Asmussen, 82, German comedian, cancer.
  • Rachid Belhout, 76, Algerian football player and manager (ES Sétif, ASO Chlef, CS Constantine), traffic collision.
  • Kenneth Bernard, 90, American playwright, cardiovascular disease.
  • Martin Birch, 71, British music producer and engineer (Deep Purple, Whitesnake, Iron Maiden).
  • Anna Maria Bottini, 104, Italian actress (The LeopardThe LawAngels of Darkness).
  • Norman Carlson, 86, American correctional officer and businessman (GEO Group), Director of the FBP (1970–1987), lymphoma.
  • Calaway H. Dodson, 91, American orchidologist.
  • Robert Fischer, 83, Canadian politician.
  • Göran Forsmark, 65, Swedish actor (The Hunters).
  • Fernando Garfella Palmer, 31, Spanish underwater documentary filmmaker and maritime activist, diving accident.
  • Brendan Halligan, 84, Irish economist and politician, Senator (1973–1977) and MEP (1979–1984).
  • Carroll Hardy, 87, American baseball player (Cleveland Indians, Boston Red Sox, Houston Astros), complications from dementia.
  • Heta Hingston, 82, New Zealand judge.
  • Jeff Jacobson, 74, American photographer, cancer.
  • Kamala, 70, American professional wrestler (WWF, CWA, WCCW), COVID-19.
  • Nouria Kazdarli, 99, Algerian actress.
  • Bhai Lal, 67, Indian politician, Uttar Pradesh MLA (1996–2002) and MP (2007–2009).
  • Iain Laughland, 84, Scottish rugby union player and administrator.
  • Kurt Luedtke, 80, American screenwriter (Out of AfricaAbsence of Malice) and newspaper editor (Detroit Free Press), Oscar winner (1986).
  • Kemal Özçelik, 98, Turkish Olympic equestrian (1956).
  • Duane Tatro, 93, American composer (Dan AugustThe ManhunterThe Love Boat).
  • Zaōnishiki Toshimasa, 67, Japanese sumo wrestler, multiple myeloma.
  • Franca Valeri, 100, Italian actress (Il vedovoThe Shortest DayGli onorevoli).
  • Laurent Vicomte, 64, French comic book writer.
  • Frank Wright, 87, American painter, heart failure and pneumonia.

10

  • Nadjmi Adhani, 50, Indonesian politician, mayor of Banjarbaru (since 2016), COVID-19.
  • Raymond Allen, 91, American actor (Sanford and SonGood TimesStarsky & Hutch), respiratory illness.
  • Dariusz Baliszewski, 74, Polish historian, journalist and writer.
  • Waldemar Bastos, 66, Angolan musician, cancer.
  • Oscar Baylón Chacón, 91, Mexican politician and agronomist, Governor of Baja California (1989).
  • Lorna Beal, 96, Australian cricketer (national team).
  • Silvana Bosi, 86, Italian actress (The Talented Mr. RipleyMortacciBread and Tulips).
  • Pierre Decazes, 88, French actor (The Shameless Old LadyThe Wing or the Thigh).
  • Paddy Doyle, 79, Irish hurler (Tipperary).
  • Imre Farkas, 85, Hungarian canoeist, Olympic bronze medalist (1956, 1960).
  • Mike Finley, 70, American poet, complications from prostate cancer.
  • Yisroel Moshe Friedman, 65, American-Israeli religious leader, Rebbe of Sadigura (since 2013), pancreatic cancer.
  • Dieter Krause, 84, German sprint canoeist, Olympic champion (1960).
  • Jacobo Langsner, 93, Romanian-born Uruguayan playwright.
  • Vinka Lucas, 88, Croatian-born New Zealand fashion and bridal wear designer and retailer.
  • Maxie Minnaar, 47, Namibian politician.
  • Neil Ocampo, 62, Filipino radio broadcaster (Todo Balita).
  • Vladica Popović, 85, Serbian football player (Red Star Belgrade, Yugoslavia national team) and manager (Deportivo Cali).
  • Alfred Püls, 86, Austrian Olympic ice hockey player (1956, 1964).
  • Uri Ra’anan, 94, Austrian-born American political scientist.
  • Luis Abilio Sebastiani Aguirre, 85, Peruvian Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Ayacucho o Huamanga (2001–2011).
  • P. J. Sheehan, 87, Irish politician, TD (1981–2002, 2007–2011).
  • Alexander Taraikovsky, 34, Belarusian protester, shot.
  • Mike Tindall, 79, English footballer (Aston Villa, Walsall, Tamworth), complications from dementia.
  • Tetsuya Watari, 78, Japanese actor (Tokyo DrifterOutlaw: Gangster VIPKatsu Kaishū), pneumonia.

11

  • Marcel Adams, 100, Canadian real estate investor.
  • Gordon J. Brand, 65, English golfer.
  • Floyd Breeland, 87, American politician, member of the South Carolina House of Representatives (1992–2008).
  • Sixto Brillantes, 80, Filipino civil servant, Chairman of COMELEC (2011–2015), COVID-19.
  • Walter Carrington, 90, American diplomat, ambassador to Senegal (1980–1981) and Nigeria (1993–1997).
  • Salah Chaoua, 73, Tunisian footballer (Club Africain, Al-Madina SC, national team).
  • Dinos Christianopoulos, 89, Greek poet, translator and publisher.
  • George Christy, 93, American columnist (The Hollywood ReporterThe Beverly Hills Courier) and actor (Die Hard), heart failure.
  • Édouard de Lépine, 88, Martinican historian and politician, Mayor of Le Robert (1989–1995).
  • Dhammika Ganganath Dissanayake, 62, Sri Lankan diplomat, ambassador to Japan (since 2015).
  • Belle du Berry, 54, French singer (Paris Combo), cancer.
  • Don Edmunds, 89, American race car driver.
  • Oliviu Gherman, 90, Romanian politician and diplomat, Senator (1990–2001) and President of the Senate (1992–1996).
  • Gaspard Hons, 82, Belgian poet.
  • Mitch Hoopes, 67, American football player (Dallas Cowboys, San Diego Chargers, Philadelphia Eagles).
  • Rahat Indori, 70, Indian lyricist (KhuddarMission KashmirMeenaxi: A Tale of Three Cities) and poet, COVID-19.
  • Anneliese Kaplan, 87, German actress.
  • Peter Kazembe, 65, Malawian pediatrician, cancer.
  • Edmond Kiraz, 96, Egyptian-born French cartoonist and illustrator.
  • Russell Kirsch, 91, American computer scientist, inventor of the pixel and developer of the image scanner, complications from Alzheimer’s disease.
  • Antônio Leite Andrade, 73, Brazilian doctor and politician, Senator (2005), cardiac problems.
  • Trini Lopez, 83, American singer (“If I Had a Hammer”, “Lemon Tree”) and actor (The Dirty Dozen), COVID-19.
  • Paul Melba, 84, English comedian and impressionist.
  • Geoffrey Nunberg, 75, American linguist, cancer.
  • Juan Pastor Marco, 68, Spanish politician, Deputy (1977–1982).
  • Sumner Redstone, 97, American media executive (CBS, Viacom, National Amusements).
  • Alex Sandusky, 87, American football player (Baltimore Colts).
  • Michel Van Aerde, 86, Belgian racing cyclist.
  • Prince Waldemar of Schaumburg-Lippe, 79, German-born Danish royal.
  • Helen Yate, 99, British Olympic swimmer (1948).

12

  • William Arnett, 81, American art collector and writer.
  • Lloyd W. Bailey, 92, American physician and faithless elector.
  • Pavol Biroš, 67, Slovak footballer (Slavia Praha, Lokomotíva Košice, Czechoslovakia national team), heart disease.
  • Sybil Brintrup, 66, Chilean conceptual artist.
  • Josef Bulva, 77, Czech pianist.
  • Carlos Burity, 67, Angolan musician.
  • Dame Mary Drummond Corsar, 93, Scottish philanthropist.
  • Francisco José Cox, 86, Chilean Roman Catholic laicized prelate, Archbishop of La Serena (1990–1997).
  • Marvin Creamer, 104, American sailor.
  • Ellis Faas, 58, Dutch make-up artist.
  • François-Mathurin Gourvès, 91, French Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Vannes (1991–2005).
  • Mary Hartline, 92, American model and actress.
  • Lynn M. Hilton, 95, American politician and author.
  • Mac Jack, 55, South African politician, Northern Cape MPL (since 2013), COVID-19.
  • Gergely Kulcsár, 86, Hungarian javelin thrower, Olympic silver medallist (1964).
  • Edmondo Lorenzini, 82, Italian footballer.
  • Mónica Miguel, 84, Mexican actress (I Dream in Another LanguageMás allá del puenteUnder Fire).
  • Howard Mudd, 78, American football player (San Francisco 49ers, Chicago Bears) and coach (Indianapolis Colts), traffic collision.
  • Melvin F. Stute, 93, American racehorse trainer.
  • Rajiv Tyagi, 52, Indian politician, cardiac arrest.
  • Ivan Tymchenko, 81, Ukrainian jurist, chairman of the Constitutional Court (1996–1999).
  • Gian Carlo Vacchelli, 38, Peruvian sports commentator and politician, Deputy (2011–2016), cardiac arrest.
  • Robert Williams, 90, American psychologist.
  • Gordon Yea, 95, Australian footballer.
  • Igor Yefimov, 83, Russian-American philosopher, historian and writer.
  • Bill Yeoman, 92, American Hall of Fame college football player (Texas A&M) and coach (Michigan State, Houston), pneumonia and kidney failure.
  • Adrian Young, 77, Australian footballer (St Kilda).

13

  • Shigeo Anzai, 81, Japanese photographer, heart failure.
  • Frank Brew, 92, Australian football player (South Melbourne), COVID-19.
  • Ash Christian, 35, American actor (The Good Wife), filmmaker and producer.
  • Ali Dastmalchian, 65, Iranian academic.
  • Michel Dumont, 79, Canadian actor (Chocolate EclairWithout HerCafé de Flore).
  • Chris Eccleshall, 72, English luthier.
  • Essam el-Erian, 66, Egyptian politician, MP (2011–2013), heart attack.
  • Peter Excell, 72, British engineer and scientist.
  • Jacques Faivre, 87, French footballer (OGC Nice).
  • Bernd Fischer, 83, German mathematician.
  • Steve Grossman, 69, American jazz saxophonist.
  • Daryl Gutterson, 67, Australian footballer (Carlton), cardiac arrest.
  • Luchita Hurtado, 99, Venezuelan-born American painter.
  • Gulnazar Keldi, 74, Tajik poet and lyricist, author of the “Surudi Milli” national anthem, COVID-19.
  • Michael Lombard, 86, American actor (Filthy RichCrocodile DundeePet Sematary).
  • Nettie Mayersohn, 96, American politician, member of the New York State Assembly (1983–2011).
  • Quentin McCord, 42, American football player (Kentucky Wildcats, Atlanta Falcons, Winnipeg Blue Bombers).
  • Phil O’Brien, 89, Australian footballer (Hawthorn).
  • Colin Parry, 79, English footballer (Stockport County, Rochdale).
  • Irene Piotrowski, 79, Canadian Olympic runner (1964, 1968).
  • Dimasangcay Pundato, 72, Filipino revolutionary leader and politician.
  • Elaine Roulet, 89, American Roman Catholic nun and prison reform activist.
  • Lorraine Thomson, 89, Canadian dancer and television host.
  • Darío Vivas, 70, Venezuelan politician, head of government of the Capital District (since 2020), COVID-19.
  • Richard M. Weiner, 90, Romanian-born German theoretical physicist.
  • Jackie Wren, 84, Scottish footballer (Hibernian).

14

  • Francesc Badia Batalla, 97, Spanish-born Andorran civil servant and magistrate, Episcopal Veguer (1972–1993).
  • Howell Binkley, 64, American lighting designer (HamiltonJersey BoysIn the Heights), Tony winner (2006, 2016), lung cancer.
  • Julian Bream, 87, English classical guitarist and lutenist.
  • Dan Budnik, 87, American photographer.
  • Angela Buxton, 85, British tennis player, Wimbledon and French Open women’s doubles champion (1956).
  • William Davies, 89, Australian Olympic wrestler (1956).
  • Ewa Demarczyk, 79, Polish singer and poet.
  • Arthur Docters van Leeuwen, 75, Dutch civil servant, head of the General Intelligence and Security Service (1989–1995) and chair of the Authority for the Financial Markets (1999–2007).
  • Tom Forsyth, 71, Scottish footballer (Motherwell, Rangers, national team).
  • Sonny Fox, 73, American disc jockey (Sirius XM, WKIS, WJMK), liver failure.
  • Surendra Prakash Goel, 74, Indian politician, MP (2004–2009), COVID-19.
  • Ernst Jean-Joseph, 72, Haitian football player (Violette A.C., Chicago Sting, national team) and manager.
  • Kenneth Kunen, 77, American mathematician.
  • Valentina Legkostupova, 54, Russian pop singer, Merited Artist of the Russian Federation (2001).
  • Moisés Mamani, 50, Peruvian politician, Deputy (2016–2019), COVID-19.
  • Linda Manz, 58, American actress (Days of HeavenOut of the BlueGummo), pneumonia and lung cancer.
  • Joe Norton, 70, Canadian politician, Kahnawake grand chief (1980–2004, since 2015), fall.
  • Kalevi Oikarainen, 84, Finnish cross-country skier, world champion (1970), Olympic bronze medalist (1968).
  • Herb Orvis, 73, American Hall of Fame football player (Colorado Buffaloes, Detroit Lions, Baltimore Colts).
  • Ferenc Petrovácz, 76, Hungarian Olympic sports shooter (1968).
  • Robert R. Shahan, 80, American Anglican prelate, Bishop of Arizona (1992–2004).
  • Shwikar, 81, Egyptian actress (Viva Zalata).
  • Nesim Tahirović, 78, Bosnian painter.
  • John Talbut, 79, English footballer (Burnley, West Bromwich Albion, K.V. Mechelen), complications from dementia.
  • James R. Thompson, 84, American politician, Governor of Illinois (1977–1991) and Chair of the Intelligence Oversight Board (1990–1993).
  • Pete Way, 69, English rock bass guitarist (UFO, Waysted, Fastway), injuries sustained in accident.

15

  • Mercedes Barcha, 87, Colombian muse, wife of Gabriel García Márquez.
  • Murtaja Baseer, 87, Bangladeshi painter, COVID-19.
  • Bill Bowman, 74, American politician, member of the North Dakota Senate (1990–2018).
  • Stuart Christie, 74, Scottish anarchist and writer.
  • Dick Coury, 90, American football coach (Philadelphia Eagles).
  • Antonije Đurić, 91, Serbian journalist, author, historian and publicist.
  • Ruth Gavison, 75, Israeli law professor, Israel Prize recipient (2011).
  • Richard Gwyn, 86, Canadian author, journalist and historian.
  • Abu Bakar Juah, 72, Malaysian actor, colon cancer.
  • Wilberforce Juta, 76, Nigerian politician, Governor of Gongola State (1983).
  • Grace Montañez Davis, 93, American politician, heart failure.
  • Francis O’Brien, 92, Canadian politician.
  • Svetozar Obradović, 69, Serbian comic book writer.
  • Chilla Porter, 84, Australian high jumper, Olympic silver medalist (1956), cancer.
  • Lefty Reid, 92, Canadian museum curator (Hockey Hall of Fame), cancer.
  • Vimala Sharma, 93, Indian social worker and politician, First Lady (1992–1997), Minister of State of the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution ( 1993 – 1996 ) and Second lady (1987–1997) .
  • Robert Trump, 71, American business executive (The Trump Organization).
  • Henryk Wujec, 79, Polish politician, member of the Sejm (1989–2001).
  • Henk Wullems, 84, Dutch football player (KFG) and manager (Go Ahead Eagles, Indonesia national team), complications from a stroke.

16

  • Charles Allen, 80, British writer and historian.
  • Hervé Blanc, 65, French actor (A Week’s Vacation).
  • Danny Campbell, 76, English footballer (West Bromwich Albion, Stockport County), pulmonary embolism.
  • Tommy Carroll, 77, Irish footballer (national team, Shelbourne, Birmingham City).
  • Chetan Chauhan, 73, Indian cricketer (Maharashtra, Delhi, national team), COVID-19.
  • Alexander Grey Zulu, 95, Zambian politician, Minister of Commerce and Industry (1964) and Defence (1970–1973).
  • Nikolai Gubenko, 78, Russian actor, director, and screenwriter (A Soldier Came Back from the FrontWounded GameLife on Holidays), People’s Artist of the RSFSR (1985).
  • Aubrey Hill, 48, American college football player and coach (Florida Gators), cancer.
  • Viorica Ionică, 65, Romanian Olympic handball player (1976).
  • Ladislav Jirků, 74, Czech academic and politician, Deputy (2010–2013).
  • Deirdre Le Faye, 86, English writer and biographer (Jane Austen).
  • Nina McClelland, 90, American chemist.
  • Bahman Mofid, 78, Iranian actor (QeysarReza MotorcyclistWood Pigeon), lung cancer.
  • B. Ahmed Hajee Mohiudeen, 87, Indian conglomerate executive and philanthropist.
  • Esther Morales, 70, Bolivian small businesswoman and farmer, First Lady (2006–2019), COVID-19. 
  • Caio Narcio, 33, Brazilian politician, Deputy (2015–2019), COVID-19.
  • Aisultan Nazarbayev, 29, Kazakh footballer and sporting executive.
  • Emman Nimedez, 21, Filipino YouTuber, acute myeloid leukemia.
  • James Partridge, 67, British charity executive (Changing Faces).
  • Ary de Sá, 92, Brazilian Olympic long jumper (1952, 1956).
  • Jean-Michel Savéant, 86, French electrochemist.
  • Gershon Shafat, 92, Austrian-born Israeli politician, member of the Knesset (1984–1992).
  • Claire Shulman, 94, American politician, Queens borough president (1986–2002), cancer.
  • Cathy Smith, 73, Canadian backup singer and convicted criminal.
  • Pierre-Yves Trémois, 99, French visual artist and sculptor.
  • Georg Volkert, 74, German footballer (1. FC Nürnberg, Hamburg, West Germany national team), complications from a heart attack.
  • Ornella Volta, 93, Italian-born French musicologist and expert on Erik Satie.
  • Xavier, 42, American professional wrestler (Ring of Honor).
  • John K. Yambasu, 63, Sierra Leonean bishop of the United Methodist Church, traffic collision.

17

  • Folke Alnevik, 100, Swedish sprinter, Olympic bronze medallist (1948), complications from a bedsore.
  • Zara Alvarez, 39, Filipino human rights activist, shot.
  • Norberto Ángeles, 43, Mexican footballer, heart attack.
  • Pavel Branko, 99, Italian-born Slovak film critic.
  • Mário de Araújo Cabral, 86, Portuguese Formula One racing driver.
  • Ali Chaouch, 72, Tunisian politician, Minister of the Interior (1997–1999).
  • Fred Clarke, 87, Australian footballer (Richmond).
  • Hugh Cochrane, 77, Scottish footballer (Dundee United, Barnsley, Margate).
  • Elsimar M. Coutinho, 90, Brazilian gynecologist, COVID-19.
  • Barbara Doherty, 88, American Roman Catholic religious sister and educator, President of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods College (1984–1998).
  • Boyd Grant, 87, American college basketball coach (Fresno State, Colorado State), complications from a stroke.
  • Jasraj, 90, Indian classical vocalist, cardiac arrest.
  • Nishikant Kamat, 50, Indian film director (Evano OruvanMumbai Meri JaanRocky Handsome), cirrhosis.
  • Chaim Dov Keller, 90, American Haredi rabbi, COVID-19.
  • Nina Kraft, 51, German triathlete.
  • Claude Laverdure, 73, Belgian comic book author.
  • Randall Rollins, 88, American pest control executive, Chairman of Rollins Inc. (since 1991).
  • Savvas Theodoridis, 85, Greek footballer (Olympiacos, national team).
  • Richard M. White, 90, American electrical engineer, complications from a fall.
  • Jorge Zalszupin, 98, Polish-born Brazilian architect and designer.

18

  • Glenn Bassett, 93, American tennis player and coach.
  • Richard Biefnot, 71, Belgian politician, member of the Parliament of Wallonia (1999–2004).
  • Bob Bigelow, 66, American basketball player (Kansas City Kings, Boston Celtics, San Diego Clippers).
  • Hans Cavalli-Björkman, 92, Swedish lawyer and football club chairman (Malmö FF), 1975–1998.
  • Ben Cross, 72, English actor (Chariots of FireStar TrekFirst Knight), cancer.
  • Michael Diven, 50, American politician, member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives (2001–2006), cancer.
  • Mariolina De Fano, 79, Italian actress (Tutto l’amore che c’èThe Cézanne AffairMake a Fake).
  • Gheorghe Dogărescu, 60, Romanian handball player, Olympic bronze medallist (1984).
  • Madhav Prasad Ghimire, 100, Nepalese poet (Gauri), respiratory failure.
  • Ron Gorchov, 90, American artist.
  • Joseph Gosnell, 84, Canadian Nisga’a indigenous leader (Nisga’a Final Agreement), cancer.
  • Steve Gulley, 57, American bluegrass singer-songwriter, pancreatic cancer.
  • Dale Hawerchuk, 57, Canadian Hall of Fame ice hockey player (Winnipeg Jets, Buffalo Sabres, Philadelphia Flyers) and coach, stomach cancer.
  • Andrew Henderson, 98, Scottish cricketer (national team).
  • Soeki Irodikromo, 75, Surinamese painter.
  • M. A. Jabbar, 87, Bangladeshi politician and convicted war criminal, MP (1986–1990).
  • Howie Judson, 95, American baseball player (Chicago White Sox, Cincinnati Redlegs).
  • Wojciech Karpiński, 77, Polish writer and historian of ideas.
  • Sayeeda Khanam, 82, Bangladeshi photographer, kidney disease.
  • Eugene S. Mills, 95, American academic administrator, President of the University of New Hampshire (1974-1980).
  • Amvrosius Parashkevov, 78, Bulgarian Orthodox prelate, Metropolitan Bishop of Dorostol (since 2010), COVID-19.
  • Rick Pugliese, 67, Canadian Olympic water polo player (1972, 1976).
  • Roger Quigley, 51, English singer and songwriter.
  • Azizur Rahman, 76, Bangladeshi politician, MP (1986–1988, 1991–1996), COVID-19.
  • Patsy Robertson, 86, Jamaican diplomat and journalist.
  • Cesare Romiti, 97, Italian economist and automobile manufacturing executive, Chairman of Fiat (1996–1998).
  • Jack Sherman, 64, American guitarist (Red Hot Chili Peppers).
  • Hal Singer, 100, American saxophonist.
  • Mohammad-Ali Taskhiri, 75, Iranian Islamic cleric, member of the Assembly of Experts (1999–2007, since 2016), heart attack.
  • Alan Trachtenberg, 88, American historian.
  • Ivan Varlamov, 82, Russian football player (Spartak Moscow, USSR national team) and manager (Spartak Vladikavkaz).
  • Han Woerdman, 77, Dutch physicist, Parkinson’s disease.

19

  • Fern Cunningham, 71, American sculptor (Harriet Tubman Memorial).
  • Cora Etter, 95, Canadian politician.
  • Durbin Feeling, 74, American Cherokee linguist.
  • Randall Craig Fleischer, 61, American conductor (Anchorage Symphony Orchestra).
  • Allan Fotheringham, 87, Canadian journalist (Maclean’sThe Globe and MailToronto Sun).
  • Gerald Gaus, 67, American philosopher.
  • Slade Gorton, 92, American politician, member of the U.S. Senate (1981–1987, 1989–2001) and Attorney General of Washington (1969–1981).
  • Christopher Guy Harrison, 59, British furniture designer, lung cancer.
  • Helmut Hubacher, 94, Swiss politician, member of the Swiss National Council (1963–1997).
  • Gopalaswamy Kasturirangan, 89, Indian cricketer (Mysore, South Zone), heart attack.
  • Justin Lall, 33, American bridge player, liver disease.
  • Lyutviyan Mollova, 72, Bulgarian Olympic javelin thrower (1972).
  • Gwen Moore, 79, American politician, member of the California State Assembly (1978–1994).
  • Todd Nance, 57, American drummer (Widespread Panic).
  • Atzo Nicolaï, 60, Dutch politician and board member, Minister for Civil Reform and Kingdom Relations (2006–2007), cancer
  • Borys Paton, 101, Ukrainian scientist, Chairman of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (since 1962).
  • Nadir Salifov, 47, Georgian-Azerbaijani mobster, shot.
  • Agnes Simon, 85, Hungarian table tennis player, world champion (1957).
  • Richard Taub, 83, American sociologist.
  • François van Hoobrouck d’Aspre, 86, Belgian politician and baron.
  • Reham Yacoub, 29, Iraqi civil rights activist and doctor, shot.
  • Masakazu Yamazaki, 86, Japanese playwright and literary critic.
  • Bernard Zimmern, 90, French refrigeration engineer.

20

  • Frankie Banali, 68, American drummer (Quiet Riot, W.A.S.P.), pancreatic cancer.
  • Ágnes Bánfai, 73, Hungarian Olympic gymnast (1968).
  • Hasil Bizenjo, 62, Pakistani politician, Senator (since 2009) and Minister of Maritime Affairs (2016–2018), lung cancer.
  • Frank Cullotta, 81, American mobster (Chicago Outfit), COVID-19.
  • Chi Chi DeVayne, 34, American drag queen (RuPaul’s Drag Race), pneumonia.
  • Justin Townes Earle, 38, American singer-songwriter.
  • Joe Englert, 59, American restaurateur, complications from surgery.
  • Jack Gibbs, 92, American sociologist.
  • Zalman Nechemia Goldberg, 89, Israeli rabbi.
  • Desmond Guinness, 88, British-Irish author.
  • Alan Harre, 80, American pastor and academic administrator.
  • Tony Hart, 87, Jamaican businessman, philanthropist, and politician.
  • Harold Janeway, 84, American politician, member of the New Hampshire Senate (2006–2010).
  • A. Rahman Khan, 77, Indian politician, Tamil Nadu MLA (1977–1991, 1996–2001), heart attack.
  • Branko Kostić, 80, Montenegrin politician, Acting President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (1991–1992), complications from a stroke.
  • Mary E. McAllister, 83, American politician, member of the North Carolina House of Representatives (1991–2009).
  • Edgar Olson, 82, American politician, member of the Minnesota House of Representatives (1985–1998).
  • György Rehus-Uzor, 74, Hungarian Olympic weightlifter (1976).
  • Gary Reynolds, 53, American football coach (Green Bay Packers), cancer.
  • Miron Sher, 68, Soviet-born American chess grandmaster.
  • Janmejay Singh, 75, Indian politician, Uttar Pradesh MLA (since 2012), cardiac arrest.
  • Piotr Szczepanik, 78, Polish singer and actor.
  • Herbert Tabor, 101, American biochemist.
  • Andrzej Walicki, 90, Polish historian and philosopher.
  • Arnold R. Weber, 90, American academic administrator, President of Northwestern University (1984–1994), lung failure.

21

  • Aldo Aureggi, 88, Italian fencer, Olympic silver medallist (1960).
  • Antonio Bayter Abud, 86, Colombian Roman Catholic prelate, Vicar Apostolic of Inírida (1996–2013).
  • Mohamed Ben Rehaiem, 69, Tunisian footballer (Sfaxien, Al-Nassr, national team).
  • Jack Dryburgh, 81, Scottish Hall of Fame ice hockey player (Murrayfield Racers, Nottingham Panthers, Southampton Vikings) and coach.
  • Sir Bob Elliott, 86, Australian-born New Zealand medical researcher.
  • Mohamed Gueddiche, 78, Tunisian cardiologist, presidential doctor.
  • Ulric Haynes, 89, American diplomat.
  • Remy Hermoso, 72, Venezuelan baseball player (Montreal Expos, Cleveland Indians, Atlanta Braves).
  • Chris Kooy, 38, Canadian soccer player (Edmonton, Calgary Mustangs), cancer.
  • Bryan Lee, 77, American blues musician.
  • Colin Porter, 89, British Olympic rower (1960).
  • Sir Ken Robinson, 70, British educationalist and author, cancer.
  • Tomasz Tomiak, 52, Polish rower, Olympic bronze medallist (1992), heart failure.
  • Ron Tudor, 96, Australian music producer, label owner (Fable Records), and record industry executive.
  • Jacques Visschers, 79, Dutch footballer (NAC Breda).
  • Karen J. Warren, 72, American philosopher and ecofeminist, multiple system atrophy.

22

  • Jan D. Achenbach, 85, Dutch-American acoustical engineer and academic.
  • Edward Alexander, 83, American writer and academic, complications from surgery.
  • Ahmed Badouj, 70, Moroccan actor and filmmaker, COVID-19.
  • John Bangsund, 81, Australian science fiction fan, COVID-19.
  • Jean-Marie Brochu, 93–94, Canadian Roman Catholic priest, founder of Le Noël du Bonheur.
  • Thomas K. Gilhool, 81, American disability rights attorney, heart attack.
  • Ted Grace, 89, Australian politician, Member of the House of Representatives (1984–1998).
  • Mrinal Haque, 61, Bangladeshi sculptor, complications from diabetes.
  • Józefa Hennelowa, 95, Polish publicist and journalist (Tygodnik Powszechny), member of the Sejm (1989–1993).
  • Emil Jula, 40, Romanian footballer (Universitatea Cluj, Oțelul Galați, Energie Cottbus), heart failure.
  • Karim Kamalov, 66, Uzbek politician, Mayor of Bukhara (1997–2011, 2017–2020), Governor of Bukhara Region (since 2020), COVID-19.
  • Cleve Loney, 69, American politician, member of the Montana House of Representatives (2011–2013), drowned.
  • Walter Lure, 71, American guitarist (The Heartbreakers), lung and liver cancer.
  • Pierre Maresca, 79, French New Caledonian politician.
  • Alessandro Mazzinghi, 81, Italian boxer, WBA and WBC world light-middleweight champion (1963–1965, 1968), stroke.
  • Pedro Nájera, 91, Mexican footballer (Club América, national team).
  • John Ohala, 79, American linguist.
  • Ulla Pia, 75, Danish singer (“Stop – mens legen er go'”), cancer.
  • Magdalen Redman, 90, American baseball player (Kenosha Comets, Grand Rapids Chicks).
  • Allan Rich, 94, American actor (SerpicoQuiz ShowAmistad), dementia.
  • D. J. Rogers, 72, American soul singer and producer.
  • Steve Sample Sr., 90, American bandleader and arranger.
  • Roger Unger, 96, American endocrinologist.

23

  • Peter Borwein, 67, Scottish-born Canadian mathematician, pneumonia.
  • Bill Burega, 88, Canadian ice hockey player (Toronto Maple Leafs).
  • Augusto Caminito, 81, Italian film director, producer, and screenwriter (Vampire in VeniceHallelujah for Django).
  • Benny Chan, 58, Hong Kong film director (What a Hero!Gen-X CopsNew Police Story), nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
  • Sir Neil Douglas, 71, Scottish physician, President of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (2004–2010).
  • Frank Dunphy, 82, Irish business manager and accountant (Damian Hirst).
  • Rolf Gohs, 86, Swedish comic creator and cover artist (Fantomen).
  • John H. Hager, 83, American politician, Lieutenant Governor of Virginia (1998–2002).
  • Gerald D. Hines, 95, American real estate developer, founder of Hines Interests Limited Partnership.
  • Maria Janion, 93, Polish scholar and critic.
  • Peter King, 80, English jazz saxophonist.
  • Bernard Lieder, 97, American politician, member of the Minnesota House of Representatives (1985–2011).
  • Zuray Marcano, 66, Venezuelan Paralympic powerlifter (2016).
  • Fujio Matsuda, 95, American engineer and academic administrator, President of the University of Hawaii (1974–1984).
  • Greg Montgomery, 55, American football player (Houston Oilers, Detroit Lions, Baltimore Ravens).
  • Lori Nelson, 87, American actress (Revenge of the CreatureHow to Marry a MillionaireI Died a Thousand Times).
  • Nursholeh, 63, Indonesian politician, Mayor of Tegal (2017–2019).
  • Charlie Persip, 91, American jazz drummer.
  • Giannis Poulopoulos, 79, Greek singer-songwriter, cardiac arrest.
  • Valentina Prudskova, 81, Russian fencer, Olympic champion (1960) and silver medallist (1964).
  • A. B. Raj, 95, Indian film director (Ormikkaan OmanikkaanManasse Ninakku MangalamAval Oru Devaalayam), heart attack.
  • Luigi Serafini, 69, Italian Olympic basketball player (1972, 1976).
  • Bill Stephen, 92, Australian football player (Fitzroy) and coach (Essendon).
  • Olayinka Sule, 72, Nigerian military officer, Administrator of Jigawa State (1991–1992).
  • Jack Tynan, 94, New Zealand Olympic field hockey player (1956), and cricketer (Wellington).
  • Kōzō Watanabe, 88, Japanese politician, member of the House of Representatives (1969–2012).

24

  • Stoyan Alexandrov, 71, Bulgarian economist, Minister of Finance (1992–1994).
  • Frederick Baker, 55, Austrian-British filmmaker and archaeologist.
  • Harold Best, 82, British politician, MP (1997–2005).
  • Pat Brady, 84, Irish footballer (Millwall).
  • László Cseh Sr., 68, Hungarian Olympic swimmer (1968, 1972).
  • Robbe De Hert, 77, English-born Belgian film director (De Witte van SichemBrylcream BoulevardLijmen/Het Been), complications from diabetes.
  • Sálvio Dino, 88, Brazilian writer and politician, Deputy (1963–1964, 1974–1979) and mayor of João Lisboa (1989–1993, 1997–2001), COVID-19.
  • Chitta Ranjan Dutta, 93, Bangladeshi military officer, Director General of the Bangladesh Rifles (1971–1974).
  • Carl Garrett, 72, American football player (Chicago Bears, New York Jets, Oakland Raiders).
  • Avner Golasa, 63, Israeli footballer (Hapoel Kfar Saba).
  • Nancy Guptill, 79, Canadian politician, Prince Edward Island MLA (1987–2000).
  • Thomas Imrie, 83, British Hall of Fame ice hockey player (Paisley Pirates, Brighton Tigers, national team).
  • Touriya Jabrane, 67, Moroccan theatre director and politician.
  • Arrigo Levi, 94, Italian journalist, managing director of La Stampa (1973–1978).
  • Kriemhild Limberg, 85, German Olympic discus thrower (1960, 1964).
  • Pascal Lissouba, 88, Congolese politician, President (1992–1997) and Prime Minister (1963–1966), complications from Alzheimer’s disease.
  • Jean Mauriac, 96, French writer and journalist.
  • Pat McCluskey, 68, Scottish footballer (Celtic, Dumbarton).
  • Hisamodien Mohamed, 55, South African politician and advocate, Member of the National Assembly of South Africa (2019–2020) and Western Cape head of the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development (1997–2019).
  • Mal Pascoe, 87, Australian football player (Essendon, Hobart) and coach.
  • Jorge Sanjinez Lenz, 103, Peruvian military volunteer and World War II veteran (Independent Belgian Brigade).
  • Gail Sheehy, 83, American author (Hillary’s Choice), complications from pneumonia.
  • Raymond S. Troubh, 94, American financial consultant.
  • Wolfgang Uhlmann, 85, German chess grandmaster, fall.
  • P. B. Waite, 98, Canadian historian.
  • Paul Wolfisberg, 87, Swiss football player (Biel-Bienne) and manager (FC Luzern, national team).

25

  • Erik Allardt, 95, Finnish sociologist, Chancellor of Åbo Akademi University (1992–1994).
  • Francisco Belaúnde, 96, Peruvian politician, President of the Congress (1980–1981) and congressman (1980–1990).
  • Georges Bœuf, 82, French composer and musician.
  • Roine Carlsson, 82, Swedish politician, Minister of Defence 1985–1991.
  • Tommy Joe Coffey, 83, American-born Canadian football player (Edmonton Eskimos, Hamilton Tiger-Cats, Toronto Argonauts).
  • Pedro de Oraá, 88, Cuban painter.
  • Rebeca Guber, 94, Argentine mathematician and computer scientist.
  • Eric M. Hammel, 74, American military historian and novelist, Parkinson’s disease.
  • Mick Hart, 50, Australian folk musician.
  • Ruhollah Hosseinian, 64, Iranian politician, member of the Council for Spreading Mahmoud Ahmadinejad’s Thoughts (since 2007).
  • Mónica Jiménez, 79, Chilean politician, Minister of Education (2008–2010) and Ambassador to Israel (since 2016), cancer.
  • Yvon Le Corre, 80, French painter and navigator.
  • Laurent Akran Mandjo, 79, Ivorian Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Yopougon (1982–2015).
  • Gerry McGhee, 58, Scottish singer (Brighton Rock), cancer.
  • Sase Narain, 95, Guyanese politician, Speaker of the National Assembly (1971–1992).
  • Graham Newdick, 71, New Zealand cricketer (Wellington).
  • Itaru Oki, 79, Japanese jazz trumpeter and flugelhornist.
  • Sir David Parry-Evans, 85, British air chief marshal.
  • Tim Renton, Baron Renton of Mount Henry, 88, British politician, MP (1974–1997), Member of the House of Lords (1997–2016).
  • Neil Sachse, 69, Australian footballer and disability advocate.
  • Hippolyte Simon, 76, French Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Clermont (2002–2016).
  • Nik Spatari, 91, Italian painter and sculptor.
  • Arnold Spielberg, 103, American electrical engineer (GE-200 series).
  • Alma G. Stallworth, 87, American politician, member of the Michigan House of Representatives (1971–1974, 1983–1996, 2003–2004).

26

  • Gerald Carr, 88, American astronaut (Skylab 4) and aeronautical engineer.
  • Oscar Cruz, 85, Filipino Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Lingayen–Dagupan (1991–2009), president of the Catholic Bishops’ Conference (1995–1999), COVID-19.
  • Geraldine Dillon, 84, Australian television chef, Hodgkin lymphoma.
  • André-Paul Duchâteau, 95, Belgian novelist, scriptwriter and comics writer (Chick BillRic Hochet).
  • Harry Elias, 83, Singaporean lawyer.
  • Max Evans, 95, American writer.
  • Adrien Gouteyron, 87, French politician.
  • Stuart Hailstone, 58, South African squash player, stroke.
  • Harry Hooper, 87, English footballer (West Ham United, Birmingham City, Sunderland), Alzheimer’s disease.
  • Keri Kaa, 78, New Zealand educator and writer.
  • Masahiro Koishikawa, 68, Japanese astronomer, lung cancer.
  • José Lamiel, 96, Spanish painter and sculptor.
  • Douglas MacDiarmid, 97, New Zealand painter.
  • Victor Hugo Martínez Contreras, 90, Guatemalan Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Los Altos Quetzaltenango-Totonicapán (1987–2007).
  • Dirk Mudge, 92, Namibian politician, COVID-19.
  • Martin O’Neill, Baron O’Neill of Clackmannan, 75, Scottish politician, MP (1979–2005) and member of the House of Lords (since 2005).
  • Gaston Roberge, 85, French-Canadian priest and film historian, cardiac arrest.
  • Jean Rosenthal, 97, French translator.
  • Ronald E. Rosser, 90, American soldier, Medal of Honor recipient.
  • Joe Ruby, 87, American animator and television producer (Scooby-DooDynomutt, Dog WonderAlvin and the Chipmunks), co-founder of Ruby-Spears.
  • Stanford G. Ross, 88, American attorney, Commissioner of the Social Security Administration (1978–1979).
  • Bernard Sapoval, 82, French physicist.
  • Ørnulf Tofte, 98, Norwegian police officer (Police Surveillance Agency).
  • Els Veder-Smit, 98, Dutch politician, State Secretary for Health and Environment (1977–1981).
  • Joyce Wright, 98, British singer and actress.
  • Dan Yochum, 70, American Hall of Fame football player (Montreal Alouettes, Edmonton Eskimos).

27

  • Siah Armajani, 81, Iranian-American sculptor and architect.
  • Bob Armstrong, 80, American Hall of Fame professional wrestler (GCW, SECW, SMW), bone cancer.
  • David Bryant, 88, British lawn bowler, world champion (1966, 1980, 1988).
  • Pierluigi Camiscioni, 67, Italian rugby player and stuntman.
  • Cao Chunan, 90, Chinese electrochemist, member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
  • Gilda Cordero-Fernando, 90, Filipino writer and visual artist.
  • Claude De Bruyn, 76, Belgian serviceman and television presenter.
  • Sunil Dhar, 87, Bangladeshi classical musician, heart failure.
  • Robert Finkelstein, 104, American theoretical physicist.
  • Tony Fletcher, 85, Australian politician, Tasmanian MLC (1981–2005).
  • Jean-Michel Goutier, 84–85, French poet.
  • Margrét Þóra Hallgrímsson, 90, Icelandic businesswoman and socialite.
  • Noriyuki Haraguchi, 74, Japanese artist, stomach cancer.
  • William E. Harbour, 78, American civil rights activist (Freedom Riders).
  • Yves Hervochon, 85, French painter.
  • James E. Humphreys, 80, American mathematician, COVID-19.
  • Imdad Hussaini, 80, Pakistani writer and poet.
  • Clarrie Jeffreys, 88, Australian rugby league player (Balmain, Newtown) and coach.
  • László Kamuti, 80, Hungarian Olympic fencer (1960, 1964, 1968, 1972).
  • Ivan Keats, 83, New Zealand Olympic long-distance runner (1964).
  • Don Kidd, 82, American politician, member of the New Mexico Senate (1993–2005), pancreatic cancer.
  • A. R. Lakshmanan, 78, Indian jurist, judge of the Supreme Court (2002–2007) and Chairman of the Law Commission (2006–2009), cardiac arrest.
  • Lee Wai Chun, Hong Kong comics artist.
  • Archana Mahanta, 71, Indian folk singer, complications from a stroke.
  • Eugene McCabe, 90, Irish novelist and playwright.
  • David Mercer, 70, British sports commentator and tennis umpire.
  • William Neikirk, 82, American journalist and author, COVID-19.
  • Lute Olson, 85, American Hall of Fame college basketball coach (Arizona Wildcats, Iowa Hawkeyes, Long Beach State 49ers).
  • Vejaynand Ramlakan, 62, South African military officer, Surgeon General of the South African Military Health Service (2005–2013), heart attack.
  • Dick Ritger, 81, American ten-pin bowler.
  • Arnaldo Saccomani, 71, Brazilian record producer and reality television judge (ÍdolosQual é o Seu Talento?), complications from kidney failure and diabetes.
  • Martin Short, 76, British documentary producer and author, cancer.
  • Peter Sova, 75, Czech-born American cinematographer (Donnie BrascoGood Morning, VietnamLucky Number Slevin).
  • Barry Stuart, 86, Australian Olympic canoeist (1956, 1960, 1964, 1968).
  • Ebru Timtik, 42, Turkish human rights lawyer, suicide by fasting.
  • Ivar Ueland, 77, Norwegian politician.
  • Masud Yunus, 68, Indonesian politician, mayor of Mojokerto (2013–2018), COVID-19.

28

  • Gudrun Arenander, 99, Swedish Olympic discus thrower (1948) and handball player.
  • Don Bacon, 94, New Zealand microbiologist.
  • Chadwick Boseman, 43, American actor (Black Panther42Get on Up), complications from colon cancer.
  • David S. Cass Sr., 78, American film director (Avenging AngelDesolation CanyonThicker than Water) and stuntman, complications from cancer.
  • Catherine D’Ovidio, 61, French bridge player.
  • Jean-Pierre Dickès, 78, French historian and doctor.
  • John P. Dobyns, 76, American politician, member of the Wisconsin State Assembly (1993–1999), liver disease.
  • Mike Joyce, 81, American golfer, complications from Parkinson’s disease.
  • Randall Kenan, 57, American writer (A Visitation of Spirits).
  • Rahat Khan, 79, Bangladeshi journalist and novelist.
  • Shiro Kishibe, 71, Japanese actor (Monkey), heart failure.
  • Jan Klenberg, 88, Finnish admiral, Chief of Defence (1990–1994).
  • Assar Lindbeck, 90, Swedish economist.
  • Seymour I. Schwartz, 92, American surgeon and writer (Schwartz’s Principles of Surgery).
  • Antoinette Spaak, 92, Belgian politician, President of the Parliament of the French Community (1988–1992).
  • Wolfgang Stahl, 64, German spectroscopist.
  • Uli Stein, 73, German cartoonist.
  • Manuel Valdés, 89, Mexican comedian and actor (A Thousand and One NightsTom Thumb and Little Red Riding HoodLa leyenda de la Nahuala), cancer.
  • H. Vasanthakumar, 70, Indian politician, Tamil Nadu MLA (2016–2019) and MP (since 2019), COVID-19.
  • Lou Westende, 94, Australian politician, ACT MLA (1992–1994).

29

  • Vladimir Andreyev, 90, Russian actor (True FriendsThe Tale of Tsar SaltanThe Circus Princess), People’s Artist of the USSR (1985).
  • Tom Berryhill, 67, American politician, member of the California State Senate (2010–2018) and Assembly (2006–2010).
  • Fritz Chervet, 77, Swiss boxer, European flyweight champion (1972, 1973).
  • Ali Ghandour, 89, Lebanese-Jordanian civil aviation executive.
  • Satnam Khattra, 31, Indian fitness trainer and bodybuilder, heart attack.
  • James F. Leonard, 100, American diplomat, Ambassador to the United Nations (1977–1979).
  • David Mungoshi, 71, Zimbabwean writer.
  • S. I. Padmavati, 103, Burmese-born Indian cardiologist, COVID-19.
  • Ramdeo Rai, 77, Indian politician, Bihar MLA (1972–1985, since 2005).
  • Domingo Rivas, 87, Venezuelan Olympic racing cyclist (1956).
  • Clifford Robinson, 53, American basketball player (Portland Trail Blazers, Phoenix Suns) and reality television personality (Survivor: Cagayan), lymphoma.
  • Shafaullah Rokhri, Pakistani singer, cardiac arrest.
  • Jürgen Schadeberg, 89, German-born South African photographer, stroke.
  • Subzero, 31, Australian racehorse, Melbourne Cup winner (1992), euthanized.
  • Serjik Teymourian, 46, Armenian-Iranian footballer (Esteghlal, Mainz 05), traffic collision.
  • Viktor Tikhonov, 71, Ukrainian politician, Vice Prime Minister (2010–2011), pneumonia.
  • Daniel I.C. Wang, 84, American chemical engineer.

30

  • Rodolfo Abularach, 87, Guatemalan painter.
  • Virginia Bosler, 93, American actress and dancer (Oklahoma!BrigadoonOut of This World).
  • Ric Drasin, 76, American bodybuilder, professional wrestler (NWA Hollywood Wrestling), promoter and trainer.
  • Ángel Faus Belau, 84, Spanish journalist and academic (University of Navarra).
  • Ralph Ferguson, 90, Canadian politician, MP (1980–1984, 1988–1993), Minister of Agriculture (1984).
  • Lance Finch, 82, Canadian jurist.
  • Jacques Galipeau, 96, Canadian actor (The PyxBingoBlack List).
  • Nikos Gelestathis, 90, Greek politician, Minister of Transport and Communications (1990–1992) and Public Order (1992–1993), MP (1981–2004).
  • Gordon William Hanson, 77, Canadian politician.
  • Marguerite Harl, 101, French literary scholar.
  • Keith Lampard, 74, American baseball player (Houston Astros).
  • Ann Lynn, 86, British actress (Flame in the StreetsStrongroomA Shot in the Dark).
  • Cecilia Romo, 74, Mexican actress (Prófugas del destinoComo tú no hay 2), COVID-19.
  • Ingrid Stahmer, 77, German politician.
  • John Thompson, 78, American Hall of Fame basketball player (Boston Celtics) and coach (Georgetown Hoyas), national champion (1984), NBA champion (1965, 1966).
  • Ricardo Valderrama Fernández, 75, Peruvian anthropologist and politician, Mayor of Cusco Province (since 2019), COVID-19.
  • Jean Vezin, 87, French historian.

31

  • Nina Bocharova, 95, Ukrainian gymnast, Olympic champion (1952).
  • Al Bodine, 92, American football player (Saskatchewan Roughriders).
  • Haldun Boysan, 62, Turkish actor (On BoardRobbery Alla TurcaThe Jackal), heart attack.
  • Jerilyn Lee Brandelius, 72, American rock and roll tour director (Grateful Dead), photographer and author (The Grateful Dead Family Album), heart failure.
  • Fritz d’Orey, 82, Brazilian racing driver, cancer.
  • Jack Danzey, 81, Australian rugby league player (Newtown, Balmain, Cronulla-Sutherland) and referee.
  • P. R. Dubhashi, 90, Indian civil servant and social scientist.
  • John Felagha, 26, Nigerian footballer (Eupen).
  • Larry Hedrick, 79, American businessman, leukemia.
  • Barbara Judge, 73, American-British lawyer and businesswoman, pancreatic cancer.
  • Pascal Kané, 74, French film director and screenwriter.
  • Édouard Karemera, 69, Rwandan politician and convicted war criminal.
  • Hans A. Linde, 96, German-born American judge and legal scholar.
  • Pietro Mário, 81, Italian-born Brazilian actor (Memórias Póstumas), cardiac arrest.
  • Massoud Mehrabi, 66, Iranian journalist, writer and caricaturist.
  • Jean Baptiste Mendy, 57, Senegalese-born French boxer, WBC (1996–1997) and WBA lightweight champion (1998–1999), pancreatic cancer.
  • Pranab Mukherjee, 84, Indian politician, President (2012–2017), Minister of Defence (2004–2006) and MP (1969–2012), septic shock.
  • Pak Kyong-suk, 99, North Korean politician, Deputy (1962–1972).
  • Don Parkinson, 77–78, American politician, Speaker of the Guam Legislature (1995–1997).
  • Michael Redhead, 90, British philosopher of science.
  • Miloš Říha, 61, Czech ice hockey player (Dukla Jihlava, Vítkovice Ridera) and coach (national team).
  • David Rothman, 83, American professor of social medicine, cancer.
  • Tom Seaver, 75, American Hall of Fame baseball player (New York Mets, Cincinnati Reds, Chicago White Sox), complications from Lewy body dementia and COVID-19.
  • Norm Spencer, 62, Canadian voice actor (X-MenRescue HeroesSilver Surfer).
  • Lady Cochrane Sursock, 98, Lebanese aristocrat (Sursock family) and philanthropist, injuries from an explosion.
  • Bent Vejlby, 96, Danish actor (Dronningens vagtmesterFlådens friske fyre).
  • Morris Wijesinghe, 78, Sri Lankan musician.
  • Rich Wolfe, 78, American sportswriter, throat cancer.
  • Gérard Worms, 84, French banker.
  • Megan Wraight, 58, New Zealand landscape architect, cancer.