Saharsa is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar, India. Saharsa city is the administrative headquarters of this district. Saharsa district is a part of the Kosi Division and it became a district on 1 April 1954 and has subsequently become smaller with other districts being carved from it, most notably Madhepura in 1981.
Saharsa is located in the Mithila region, one of the earliest centers of Brahminical civilization in India. Saharsa is considered as the heart of whole Mithila region. it is the place which gave birth to Many Legends. legends like Mandana Misra, Laxminath Gosain, Ubhai Bharti, etc. The region of Bangaon and Mahisi is considered one of the most civil servants producing area of the Nation. Mandan Mishra whose conversation with the Shankaracharya was considered one of the most intellectual conversations in the world was done in Mahismati village, nowadays Mahisi village of saharsa district. During the journey of ” Dharm vijay” Yatra of Sankaracharya, he visited Mahisi village of Saharsa district of Bihar which was then called Mahishmati Village and the point is, after winning in all discussions in all over the nation, He lost the Sastrartha there. So, it is said that it is the most educationally fertile land in the state.
The beauty of the Geographical privileges, historical and Cultural heritages proposes itself as the capital of Proposed Mithila State.Most of the people in saharsa district speaks Maithili ( 85%) along with Angika ( 7%) and Hindi ( 8%). People of all communities residing here or belonging from here follow maithil culture. Around 52% population of the saharsa district is Maithil Brahmin consisting mainly of surnames Jha, Thakur and Misar (Mishra)
History
Saharsa is part of the Mithila region. Mithila first gained prominence after being settled by Indo-Aryan peoples who established the Mithila Kingdom (also called Kingdom of the Videhas). During the late Vedic period (c. 1100–500 BCE), Videha became one of the major political and cultural centers of South Asia, along with Kuru and Pañcāla. The kings of the Videha Kingdom were called Janakas. The Videha Kingdom was later incorporated into the Vajji confederacy, which had its capital in the city of Vaishali, which is also in Mithila.
Earlier, the Saharsa district was part of the Munger and Bhagalpur districts. On 1 April 1954 it was made a district of its own. It was also made headquarters of Kosi division on 2 October 1972, comprising Saharsa, Purnia and Katihar district, with its headquarters at Saharsa. Similarly a new Civil Sub-Division Birpur was created on 1 December 1972, consisting of 24 development blocks, including Raghopur, Chhatapur, Basantpur and Nirmali, which were previously under Supaul subdivision of the district. Two new districts, Madhepura and Supaul, were formed from Saharsa district on 30 April 1981 and 1991. Saharsa district now consists of two subdivisions, Saharsa Sadar and Simri Bakhtiarpur. The district consists of 10 development blocks and anchals each. From the archaeological evidences, it is proved that it was the major city during Guptas Period.
Geography
Saharsa district occupies an area of 1,687 square kilometres (651 sq mi),
Saharsa district is surrounded on the west by the river Kosi, an abundance of fish and makhana. Saharsa is famous for its varieties of mangoes and litchis.
Saharsa district comprises the following Sub-Divisions: Saharasa Sadar and Simri Bakhtiyarpur.
Economy
It is the major producer of best quality of Corn and Makhana in India. From Saharsa corn and Makhana are exported abroad country such as America, Australia, France, Japan, England. Every year 2 lakhs tonnes of corn are exported to different country and similarly Makhana also. The following crops are grown in the region; Makhana (Euryale ferox Salisb), rice, mangoes, litchi, bamboo, mustard, corn, wheat and sugarcane. Sagwan or teak (Tectona grandis) trees are now grown on a large scale.
Demographics
According to the 2011 census Saharsa district has a population of 1,900,661, This gives it a ranking of 247th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 1,125 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,910/sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 25.79%. Saharsa has a sex ratio of 906 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 54.57%. Scheduled Castes make up 15.7% of the population.
At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 68.87% of the population in the district spoke Maithili, 21.15% Hindi and 9.62% Urdu as their first language.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 397,566 | — |
| 1911 | 409,867 | +0.31% |
| 1921 | 395,756 | −0.35% |
| 1931 | 418,762 | +0.57% |
| 1941 | 422,038 | +0.08% |
| 1951 | 489,307 | +1.49% |
| 1961 | 582,156 | +1.75% |
| 1971 | 721,202 | +2.16% |
| 1981 | 902,008 | +2.26% |
| 1991 | 1,132,413 | +2.30% |
| 2001 | 1,508,182 | +2.91% |
| 2011 | 1,900,661 | +2.34% |
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