World economy

The world economy or the global economy is the economy of all humans of the world, referring to the global economic system which includes all economic activities which are conducted both within and between nations, including production, consumption, economic management, work in general, exchange of financial valuesand trade of goods and services. In some contexts, the two terms are distinct “international” or “global economy” being measured separately and distinguished from national economies while the “world economy” is simply an aggregate of the separate countries’ measurements. Beyond the minimum standard concerning value in production, use and exchange, the definitions, representations, models and valuations of the world economy vary widely. It is inseparable from the geography and ecology of planet Earth.

It is common to limit questions of the world economy exclusively to human economic activity and the world economy is typically judged in monetary terms, even in cases in which there is no efficient market to help valuate certain goods or services, or in cases in which a lack of independent research, genuine data or government cooperation makes establishing figures difficult. Typical examples are illegal drugs and other black market goods, which by any standard are a part of the world economy, but for which there is by definition no legal market of any kind.

However, even in cases in which there is a clear and efficient market to establish a monetary value, economists do not typically use the current or official exchange rate to translate the monetary units of this market into a single unit for the world economy since exchange rates typically do not closely reflect worldwide value, for example in cases where the volume or price of transactions is closely regulated by the government.

Rather, market valuations in a local currency are typically translated to a single monetary unit using the idea of purchasing power. This is the method used below, which is used for estimating worldwide economic activity in terms of real United States dollars or euros. However, the world economy can be evaluated and expressed in many more ways. It is unclear, for example, how many of the world’s 7.8 billion people(as of March 2020) have most of their economic activity reflected in these valuations.

According to Maddison, until the middle of 19th century, global output was dominated by China and India. Waves of Industrial Revolution in Western Europe and Northern America shifted the shares to the Western Hemisphere. As of 2021, the following 16 countries or collectives have reached an economy of at least US$2 trillion by GDP in nominal or PPP terms: Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, Russia, Spain, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United Statesand the European Union.

Overview

World economy by country groups

hidecountry groups with individual countries designated by the IMF. Members of the G-20 major economies are in bold.
List of country groups by GDP (nominal) at peak level as of 2021 in millions US$	List of country groups by GDP (PPP) at peak level as of 2021 in millions US$
Country group GDP (nominal) Peak year Number of countries Members of G20 economies and/or largest in the group (mutually inclusive) World 93,863,851 2021 195 Major advanced economies(G7) 42,425,389 2021 7  Canada  France  Germany  Italy  Japan  United Kingdom  United States Emerging and developing Asia 23,204,013 2021 30  China  India  Indonesia  Malaysia  Philippines  Thailand  Vietnam Other advanced economies (advanced economies excluding the G7) 13,564,548 2021 32  Australia  South Korea  Netherlands  Spain   Switzerland  Taiwan Latin Americaand the Caribbean 6,060,768 2013 33  Argentina  Brazil  Colombia  Mexico  Venezuela Emerging and developing Europe 4,573,263 2013 16  Poland  Russia  Turkey Middle East and Central Asia 4,077,243 2019 32  Egypt  Iran  Pakistan  Saudi Arabia  United Arab Emirates Sub-Saharan Africa 1,813,600 2021 45  Nigeria  South Africa	Country group GDP (PPP) Peak year Number of countries Members of G20 economies and/or largest in the group (Mutually exclusive) World 141,962,059 2021 195 Emerging and developing Asia 46,770,009 2021 30  China  India  Indonesia  Malaysia  Philippines  Thailand  Vietnam Major advanced economies(G7) 44,000,957 2021 7  Canada  France  Germany  Italy  Japan  United Kingdom  United States Other advanced economies (advanced economies excluding the G7) 15,882,382 2021 32  Australia  South Korea  Netherlands  Spain   Switzerland  Taiwan Emerging and developing Europe 10,828,956 2019 16  Poland  Russia  Turkey Latin Americaand the Caribbean 10,212,082 2019 33  Argentina  Brazil  Colombia  Mexico  Venezuela Middle East and Central Asia 9,946,269 2021 32  Egypt  Iran  Pakistan  Saudi Arabia  United Arab Emirates Sub-Saharan Africa 4,325,956 2021 45  Nigeria  South Africa

Current world economic league table of largest economies in the world by GDP and share of global economic growth

hideThe 25 largest economies by GDP (nominal), twenty largest economies by GDP (PPP) as of 2021. Members of the G-20 major economies are in bold.
List of the 25 largest economies by GDP (nominal) at their peak level as of 2021 in millions US$	List of the 25 largest economies by GDP (PPP) at their peak level as of 2021 in millions US$	List of the 25 economies by highest GDP (nominal) per capita at their peak level as of 2021 in US$	List of the 25 economies by highest GDP (PPP) per capita at their peak level as of 2021 in US$
Rank Country Value (USD$) Peak year — World 93,863,851 2021 1  United States 22,675,271 2021 —  European Union 19,226,235 2008 2  China 16,642,318 2021 3  Japan 6,272,364 2012 4  Germany 4,319,286 2021 5  United Kingdom 3,124,650 2021 6  India 3,049,704 2021 7  France 2,938,271 2021 8  Brazil 2,614,027 2011 9  Italy 2,408,392 2008 10  Russia 2,288,428 2013 11  Canada 1,883,487 2021 12  South Korea 1,806,707 2021 13  Spain 1,631,685 2008 14  Australia 1,617,543 2021 15  Mexico 1,315,356 2014 16  Indonesia 1,158,783 2021 17  Netherlands 1,012,598 2021 18  Turkey 957,504 2013 19   Switzerland 824,734 2021 20  Saudi Arabia 804,921 2021 21  Taiwan 759,104 2021 22  Iran 682,859 2021 23  Argentina 643,861 2017 24  Poland 642,121 2021 25  Sweden 625,948 2021	Rank Country Value (USD$) Peak year — World 141,962,059 2021 1  China 26,656,766 2021 —  European Union 22,825,236 2019 2  United States 22,675,271 2021 3  India 10,207,290 2021 4  Japan 5,585,786 2021 5  Germany 4,743,673 2021 6  Russia 4,328,122 2021 7  Indonesia 3,507,239 2021 8  Brazil 3,328,459 2021 9  United Kingdom 3,246,537 2019 10  France 3,231,927 2021 11  Turkey 2,749,570 2021 12  Italy 2,668,956 2019 13  Mexico 2,632,286 2019 14  South Korea 2,436,872 2021 15  Spain 2,007,055 2019 16  Canada 1,978,816 2021 17  Saudi Arabia 1,722,862 2014 18  Australia 1,415,564 2021 19  Taiwan 1,403,663 2021 20  Poland 1,363,766 2021 21  Egypt 1,346,225 2021 22  Iran 1,344,086 2011 23  Thailand 1,339,170 2019 24  Vietnam 1,148,054 2021 25  Nigeria 1,116,255 2021	Rank Country Value (USD$) Peak year 1  Luxembourg 131,782 2021 2  Norway 102,577 2013 3  Qatar 101,933 2012 4   Switzerland 94,696 2021 5  Ireland 94,556 2021 6  Macau 86,298 2014 7  San Marino 79,110 2008 8  Iceland 75,260 2018 9  Australia 68,445 2012 10  United States 68,309 2021 11  Denmark 67,218 2021 12  Singapore 66,676 2018 13  Sweden 60,845 2013 14  Netherlands 58,015 2008 15  Finland 54,330 2021 16  Austria 53,859 2021 17  Canada 52,744 2012 18  Germany 51,860 2021 19  United Kingdom 50,467 2007 20  Belgium 50,103 2021 21  Japan 49,175 2012 22  Hong Kong 49,036 2021 23  Brunei 47,772 2012 24  Israel 47,602 2021 25  New Zealand 47,499 2021	Rank Country Value (USD$) Peak year 1  Qatar 169,698 2012 2  Macau 145,947 2013 3  Luxembourg 122,740 2021 4  United Arab Emirates 110,114 2004 5  Singapore 102,742 2021 6  Ireland 99,239 2021 7  Brunei 88,312 2012 8   Switzerland 75,880 2021 9  San Marino 74,942 2008 10  Kuwait 72,736 2012 11  Norway 69,171 2021 12  United States 68,309 2021 13  Hong Kong 62,839 2021 14  Denmark 61,478 2021 15  Netherlands 60,461 2021 16  Iceland 60,419 2019 17  Taiwan 59,398 2021 18  Austria 58,685 2019 19  Saudi Arabia 57,284 2012 20  Germany 56,956 2021 21  Sweden 55,566 2021 22  Australia 54,891 2021 23  Bahrain 54,489 2012 24  Belgium 54,265 2019 25  Finland 51,867 2021

Twenty largest economies in the world by nominal GDP

hideThe following is a list of the twenty largest economies by nominal GDP at peak value as of the specific year according to the International Monetary Fund.
Rank	1980	1985	1990	1995	2000	2005	2010	2015	2020	2025	2026
1	United States	United States	United States	United States	United States	United States	United States	United States	United States	United States	United States
2	Soviet Union	Soviet Union	Japan	Japan	Japan	Japan	China	China	China	China	China
3	Japan	Japan	Soviet Union	Germany	Germany	Germany	Japan	Japan	Japan	Japan	Japan
4	West Germany	West Germany	West Germany	France	United Kingdom	United Kingdom	Germany	Germany	Germany	Germany	Germany
5	France	France	France	United Kingdom	France	China	United Kingdom	United Kingdom	United Kingdom	India	India
6	United Kingdom	United Kingdom	United Kingdom	Italy	Italy	France	France	France	France	United Kingdom	United Kingdom
7	Italy	Italy	Italy	Brazil	China	Italy	Italy	Brazil	India	France	France
8	China	Canada	Canada	China	Brazil	Canada	Brazil	Italy	Brazil	Brazil	Brazil
9	Canada	China	Iran	Spain	Canada	Spain	Russia	Russia	Italy	Italy	Canada
10	Argentina	Mexico	Spain	Canada	Mexico	South Korea	India	India	Russia	Canada	Italy
Rank	1980	1985	1990	1995	2000	2005	2010	2015	2020	2025	2026
11	Spain	India	China	Iran	Spain	Brazil	Spain	Canada	Canada	Russia	Russia
12	Mexico	Argentina	Brazil	South Korea	South Korea	Mexico	Canada	Spain	South Korea	South Korea	South Korea
13	Netherlands	Spain	India	Mexico	Iran	India	Australia	Australia	Spain	Australia	Australia
14	India	Brazil	Australia	Netherlands	India	Russia	South Korea	South Korea	Australia	Spain	Spain
15	Saudi Arabia	Australia	Netherlands	Australia	Netherlands	Australia	Mexico	Mexico	Mexico	Indonesia	Indonesia
16	Australia	Netherlands	Mexico	India	Russia	Netherlands	Netherlands	Turkey	Indonesia	Mexico	Mexico
17	Brazil	Saudi Arabia	South Korea	Switzerland	Australia	Iran	Turkey	Netherlands	Turkey	Netherlands	Turkey
18	Sweden	Iran	Switzerland	Russia	Switzerland	Turkey	Indonesia	Indonesia	Netherlands	Turkey	Netherlands
19	Belgium	Sweden	Sweden	Argentina	Argentina	Switzerland	Switzerland	Saudi Arabia	Saudi Arabia	Switzerland	Switzerland
20	Switzerland	Belgium	Argentina	Belgium	Taiwan	Sweden	Iran	Switzerland	Switzerland	Taiwan	Taiwan

Twenty largest economies in the world by GDP (PPP)

hideList of twenty largest economies by GDP based on purchasing power parity at peak value as of the specific year according to the International Monetary Fund and the CIA World Factbook.
Rank	1980	1985	1990	1995	2000	2005	2010	2015	2020	2025	2026
1	United States	United States	United States	United States	United States	United States	United States	United States	China	China	China
2	Soviet Union	Soviet Union	Soviet Union	Japan	China	China	China	China	United States	United States	United States
3	Japan	Japan	Japan	China	Japan	Japan	India	India	India	India	India
4	West Germany	West Germany	West Germany	Germany	Germany	India	Japan	Japan	Japan	Japan	Japan
5	Italy	Italy	Italy	Russia	India	Germany	Germany	Germany	Germany	Germany	Germany
6	France	France	France	India	France	Russia	Russia	Russia	Russia	Russia	Russia
7	Brazil	Brazil	China	Italy	Italy	France	Brazil	Brazil	Indonesia	Indonesia	Indonesia
8	United Kingdom	United Kingdom	Brazil	France	Russia	Brazil	France	United Kingdom	Brazil	Brazil	Brazil
9	Saudi Arabia	China	United Kingdom	Brazil	Brazil	United Kingdom	United Kingdom	France	United Kingdom	France	France
10	Mexico	India	India	United Kingdom	United Kingdom	Italy	Italy	Indonesia	France	United Kingdom	United Kingdom
Rank	1980	1985	1990	1995	2000	2005	2010	2015	2020	2025	2026
11	India	Mexico	Mexico	Mexico	Mexico	Mexico	Indonesia	Italy	Italy	Turkey	Turkey
12	China	Saudi Arabia	Spain	Indonesia	Indonesia	Indonesia	Mexico	Mexico	Mexico	Mexico	Mexico
13	Spain	Canada	Canada	Spain	Spain	Spain	South Korea	Turkey	Turkey	Italy	Italy
14	Canada	Spain	Indonesia	Saudi Arabia	Canada	Canada	Spain	South Korea	South Korea	South Korea	South Korea
15	Iran	Iran	Saudi Arabia	Canada	Saudi Arabia	South Korea	Saudi Arabia	Saudi Arabia	Spain	Spain	Spain
16	Indonesia	Indonesia	Iran	South Korea	South Korea	Saudi Arabia	Canada	Spain	Canada	Canada	Canada
17	Argentina	Turkey	Turkey	Turkey	Turkey	Turkey	Iran	Canada	Saudi Arabia	Saudi Arabia	Saudi Arabia
18	Poland	Australia	Australia	Iran	Iran	Iran	Turkey	Iran	Australia	Egypt	Egypt
19	Netherlands	Netherlands	South Korea	Australia	Australia	Australia	Australia	Australia	Iran	Poland	Thailand
20	Turkey	Argentina	Netherlands	Thailand	Netherlands	Thailand	Taiwan	Taiwan	Thailand	Thailand	Poland

Statistical indicators

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2020)

Finance

• GDP (GWP) (gross world product): (purchasing power parity exchange rates) – $59.38 trillion (2005 est.), $51.48 trillion (2004), $23 trillion (2002). The GWP is the combined ross national income of all the countries in the world. When calculating the GWP, add GDP of all countries. Also, GWP shows that imports and exports are equal. Because imports and exports balance exactly when considering the whole world:, this also equals the total global gross domestic product (GDP). According to the World Bank, the 2013 nominal GWP was approximately US$75.59 trillion. In 2017, according to the CIA’s World Factbook, the GWP was around US$80.27 trillion in nominal terms and totaled approximately 127.8 trillion international dollars in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP). The per capita PPP GWP in 2017 was approximately Int$17,500 according to the World Factbook.

• GDP (GWP) (gross world product): (market exchange rates) – $60.69 trillion (2008). The market exchange rates have increased from the 1990 to 2008. The reason for this increase is the world advancement in terms of technology.
• GDP (real growth rate): The following part shows the GDP growth rate and the expected value after one year.
  • Developed Economies. A developed country, industrialized country, more developed country (MDC), or more economically developed country (MEDC), is a sovereign state that has a developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations. Most commonly, the criteria for evaluating the degree of economic development are gross domestic product (GDP), gross national product (GNP), the per capita income, level of industrialization, amount of widespread infrastructure and general standard of living. Which criteria are to be used and which countries can be classified as being developed are subjects of debate. The GDP of the developed countries is predicted to fall from 2.2% in 2017 to 2.0% 2018 due to the fall of dollar value.

• • Developing Countries. A developing country is a country with a less developed industrial base (industries) and a low Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries. However, this definition is not universally agreed upon. There is also no clear agreement on which countries fit this category. A nation’s GDP per capita, compared with other nations, can also be a reference point. In general, the United Nations accepts any country’s claim of itself being “developing”. The GDP of the developing countries is expected to rise from 4.3% in 2017 to 4.6% in 2018 due to political stability in those countries and advancement in technology.

• • Least developed countries. The least developed countries (LDCs) is a list of developing countries that, according to the United Nations, exhibit the lowest indicators of socioeconomic development, with the lowest Human Development Index ratings of all countries in the world. The concept of LDCs originated in the late 1960s and the first group of LDCs was listed by the UN in its resolution 2768 (XXVI) of 18 November 1971. This is a group of countries that are expected to improve their GDP from 4.8% in 2017 to 5.4% in 2018. The predicted growth is associated advancement in technology and industrialization of those countries for the past decade.
• GDP – per capita: purchasing power parity – $9,300, €7,500 (2005 est.), $8,200, €6,800 (92) (2003), $7,900, €5,000 (2002)
• World median income: purchasing power parity $1,041, €950 (1993)
• GDP – composition by sector: agriculture: 4%; industry: 32%; services: 64% (2004 est.)
• Inflation rate (consumer prices); In economics, inflation is a general rise in the price level in an economy over a period of time, resulting in a sustained drop in the purchasing power of money. When the general price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services; consequently, inflation reflects a reduction in the purchasing power per unit of money – a loss of real value in the medium of exchange and unit of account within the economy. The opposite of inflation is deflation, a sustained decrease in the general price level of goods and services. The common measure of inflation is the inflation rate, the annualized percentage change in a general price index, usually the consumer price index, over time. national inflation rates vary widely in individual cases, from declining prices in Japan to hyperinflation (In economics, hyperinflation is very high and typically accelerating inflation) in several Third World countries (2003):
  • World 2.6% (2017), 2.8% (predicted 2018);
  • Developed Economies 1% to 4% typically
  • Developing Countries 5% to 60% typically
  • Least developed countries 11.4% (2017), 8.3% (predicted 2018)
• Derivatives OTC outstanding notional amount: $601 trillion (Dec 2010) ()
• Derivatives exchange traded outstanding notional amount: $82 trillion (June 2011) ()
• Global debt issuance: $5.187 trillion, €3 trillion (2004), $4.938 trillion, €3.98 trillion (2003), $3.938 trillion (2002) (Thomson Financial League Tables)
• Global equity issuance: $505 billion, €450 billion (2004), $388 billion. €320 billion (2003), $319 billion, €250 trillion (2002) (Thomson Financial League Tables)

Employment

• Unemployment rate: 8.7% (2009 est.). 30% (2007 est.) combined unemployment and underemployment in many non-industrialized countries; developed countries typically 4%–12% unemployment.

Industries

• Industrial production growth rate: 3% (2002 est.)

Energy

• Yearly electricity – production: 21,080,878 GWh (2011 est.),15,850,000 GWh (2003 est.), 14,850,000 GWh (2001 est.)
• Yearly electricity – consumption: 14,280,000 GWh (2003 est.), 13,930,000 GWh (2001 est.)
• Oil – production: 79,650,000 bbl/d (12,663,000 m³/d) (2003 est.), 75,460,000 barrels per day (11,997,000 m³/d) (2001)
• Oil – consumption: 80,100,000 bbl/d (12,730,000 m³/d) (2003 est.), 76,210,000 barrels per day (12,116,000 m³/d) (2001)
• Oil – proved reserves: 1.025 trillion barrel (163 km³) (2001 est.)
• Natural gas – production: 3,366 km³(2012 est.), 2,569 km³ (2001 est.)
• Natural gas – consumption: 2,556 km³ (2001 est.)
• Natural gas – proved reserves: 161,200 km³ (1 January 2002)

Cross-border

• Yearly exports: $12.4 trillion, €11.05 trillion (2009 est.)
• Exports – commodities: the whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and services
• Exports – partners: US 12.7%, Germany 7.1%, China 6.2%, France 4.4%, Japan 4.2%, UK 4.1% (2008)
• Yearly imports: $12.29 trillion, €10.95 trillion (2009 est.)
• Imports – commodities: the whole range of industrial and agricultural goods and services
• Imports – partners: China 10.3%, Germany 8.6%, US 8.1%, Japan 5% (2008)
• Debt – external: $56.9 trillion, €40 trillion (31 December 2009 est.)

Gift economy

• Yearly economic aid – recipient: net Official Development Assistance (ODA) of $135.2 billion (2014)

Communications

Telephones – main lines in use: 843,923,500 (2007)
4,263,367,600 (2008)

• Telephones – mobile cellular: 3,300,000,000 (Nov. 2007)
• Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 10,350 (2000 est.)
• Internet users: 3,079,339,857 (31 December 2014 ), 360,985,492 (31 December 2000)

Transport

Transportation infrastructure worldwide includes:

• Airports
  • Total: 41,821 (2013)
• Roadways (in kilometres)
  • Total: 32,345,165 km
  • Paved: 19,403,061 km
  • Unpaved: 12,942,104 km (2002)
• Railways
  • Total: 1,122,650 km includes about 190,000 to 195,000 km of electrified routes of which 147,760 km are in Europe, 24,509 km in the Far East, 11,050 km in Africa, 4,223 km in South America, and 4,160 km in North America.

Military

• World military expenditure in 2018: estimated to $1.822 trillion
• Military expenditures – percent of GDP: roughly 2% of gross world product (1999).

Science, research and development

The Royal Society in a 2011 report stated that in terms of number of papersthe share of English-language scientific research papers the United States was first followed by China, the UK, Germany, Japan, France, and Canada. In 2015, research and development constituted an average 2.2% of the global GDPaccording to the UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Metrics and rankings of innovation include the Bloomberg Innovation Index, the Global Innovation Index and the share of Nobel laureates per capita.

Resources and environment

• Forests (carbon sinks, wood, ecosystem services, …)
  • Estimated number of trees that are net lost annually as of 2021: 10 billion
  • Global annual deforested land in 2015–2020: 10 million hectares
  • Global annual net forest area loss in 2000–2010 : 4.7 million hectares
• Other land degradation and land- and organisms-related ecosystem disturbances
  • Soils (carbon sink, ecosystem services, food production, …)
    • Soil erosion by water in 2012: almost 36 billion tons (based on a high resolution global potential soil erosion model developed in 2017)
    • Estimated annual loss of agricultural productivity due to soil erosion: 8 billion US dollars (based on the soil erosion data)
    • Soil erosion by water in 2015: approximately 43 billion tons (according to a 2020 study)
    • Environmental impact of pesticides
      • Pesticide use in tonnes of active ingredient in Australia in 2016: ca. 62,500 tonnes
• Oceans (ecosystem services, food production, …): Blue economy
• Waste and pollution (effects of economic mechanisms, effects on ecosystem services)
  • As of 2018, about 380 million tonnes of plastic is produced worldwide each year. From the 1950s up to 2018, an estimated 6.3 billion tonnes of plastic has been produced worldwide, of which an estimated 9% has been recycled and another 12% has been incinerated with the rest reportedly being “dumped in landfills or the natural environment”.
  • Air pollution
    • Number of human deaths caused annually by air pollution worldwide: ca. 7 million
    • Estimated global annual cost of air pollution: $5 trillion
  • Microplastic pollution
    • Estimated accumulated number of microplastic particles in the North Atlantic Ocean in 2014: 15 to 51 trillion particles, weighing between 93,000 and 236,000 metric tons
    • Estimated accumulated number of microplastic particles in the North Atlantic Ocean in 2020: 3700 microplastics per cubic meter

From the scientific perspective, economic activities are embedded in a web of dynamic, interrelated, and interdependent activities that constitute the natural system of Earth. Novel application of cybernetics in decision-making (such as in decision-making related to process- and product-design and related laws) and direction of human activity (such as economic activity) may make it easier to control modern ecological problems.

Historical development

One example for a comparable metric other than GDP are the OECD Better Life Indexrankings for different aggregative domains.

hideOECD Better Life Index rankings for 2016
Overall Rank	Country	Housing	Income	Jobs	Community	Education	Environment	Civic engagement	Health	Life Satisfaction	Safety	Work-Life Balance
1	Norway
2	Australia
3	Denmark
4	Switzerland
5	Canada
6	Sweden
7	New Zealand
8	Finland
9	United States
10	Iceland
11	Netherlands
12	Germany
13	Luxembourg
14	Belgium
15	Austria
16	United Kingdom
17	Ireland
18	France
19	Spain
20	Slovenia
21	Czech Republic
22	Estonia
23	Japan
24	Slovakia
25	Italy
26	Israel
27	Poland
28	South Korea
29	Portugal
30	Latvia
31	Greece
32	Hungary
33	Russia
34	Chile
35	Brazil
36	Turkey
37	Mexico
38	South Africa

The index includes 11 comparable “dimensions” of well-being:

1. Housing: housing conditions and spendings (e.g. real estate pricing)
2. Income: household income (after taxes and transfers) and net financial wealth
3. Jobs: earnings, job security and unemployment
4. Community: quality of social support network
5. Education: education and what one gets out of it
6. Environment: quality of environment (e.g. environmental health)
7. Governance: involvement in democracy
8. Health
9. Life Satisfaction: level of happiness
10. Safety: murder and assault rates
11. Work-life balance

Economic studies

To promote exports, many government agencies publish on the web economic studies by sector and country. Among these agencies include the USCS (US DoC) and FAS(USDA) in the United States, the EDC and AAFC in Canada, Ubifrance in France, the UKTI in the United Kingdom, the HKTDC and JETRO in Asia, Austrade and the NZTEin Oceania. Through Partnership Agreements, the Federation of International Trade Associations publishes studies from several of these agencies (USCS, FAS, AAFC, UKTI, and HKTDC) as well as other non-governmental organizations on its website globaltrade.net.