Year 1936

1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1936th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 936th year of the 2nd millennium, the 36th year of the 20th century, and the 7th year of the 1930sdecade.

Events

January

• January 4
  • England celebrates its first ever win over the All Blacks in rugby union, in particular the two famous tries by “The Prince” HH Alexander Obolensky.
  • Billboard magazine in the United States publishes its first music hit parade.
• January 11 – I Wanna Play House marks the first animated short by Warner Bros. Cartoons with a “target”.
• January 20 – On the death of King George V of the United Kingdom, his eldest son succeeds to the throne as King Edward VIII. The title Prince of Wales is not used for another 22 years.
• January 28- The “Muddle Instead of Music” article is published anonymously in the Soviet newspaper Pravda, denouncing Dmitri Shostakovich’s opera, Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District.
• January 31 – The Green Hornet radio show debuts in Detroit, Michigan.

February

• February – John Maynard Keynes’s book The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money is published in the UK.
• February 4 – Radium E (bismuth-210) becomes the first radioactive element to be made synthetically.
• February 5 – Japanese Baseball League, the first professional baseball league in Asia, is founded (as predecessor of Nippon Professional Baseball).
• February 6
  • The IV Olympic Winter Games open in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.
  • Japanese office machine and digital camera brand, Ricoh has founded.
• February 10–19 – Second Italo-Ethiopian War – Battle of Amba Aradam: Italian forces gain a decisive tactical victory, effectively neutralizing the army of the Ethiopian Empire.
• February 16 – 1936 Spanish general election: The left-wing Popular Front coalition takes a majority.
• February 17
  • The first superhero to wear a skin-tight costume and mask, The Phantom, makes his first appearance in U.S. newspapers.
  • Ansett Australia is founded by Reg Ansett.
• February 26 – February 26 Incident (二・二六事件, Niniroku Jiken): The Imperial Way Faction engineers a failed coup against the Japanese government; some politicians are killed.
• February 29 – Emperor Hirohito orders the Japanese army to arrest 123 conspirators in Tokyo government offices; 19 of them are executed in July.

March

• March 1 – Construction of Hoover Dam is completed in the United States.
• March 7 – In violation of the Treaty of Versailles and Locarno Treaties, Nazi Germany reoccupies the Rhineland. Hitler and other Nazis later admit that the French army alone could have destroyed the Wehrmacht.
• March 9 – Pro-democratic militarist Keisuke Okada steps down as Prime Minister of Japan, and is replaced by radical militarist Kōki Hirota.
• March 15 – Austrian ski jumper Josef Bradl set the world record at 101.5 metres (333 ft) on Bloudkova velikanka hill in Planica and became the first man in history, to stand jump over one hundred metres.
• March 17–18 – Pittsburgh Flood of 1936 (“Saint Patrick’s Day Flood”): Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, suffers the worst flooding in its history.
• March 26 – The longest game in the history of the National Hockey League is played, when the Montreal Maroons and Detroit Red Wings go scoreless until 16 and a half minutes into the sixth OT, when Mud Bruneteau ends it at 2:25 in the morning.

April

• April 3 – Richard Hauptmann, convicted of the Lindbergh kidnapping and murder in 1932, is executed by electrocution in New Jersey State Prison.
• April 5 – A tornado hits Tupelo, Mississippi, killing 216 and injuring over 700 (the 4th deadliest tornado in U.S. history).
• April 6 – Two tornadoes strike Gainesville, Georgia. The smaller tornado hits north Gainesville, the stronger tornado the west side of town; 203 die and 1,600 are injured, in the 5th deadliest tornado in U.S. history.
• April 11 – Billy Butlin opens his first Butlins holiday camp, Butlins Skegness, in Skegness (Ingoldmells), Lincolnshire, England. It is officially opened by Amy Johnson of Hull (the first woman to fly solo from England to Australia).
• April 15 – The Tulkarm shooting begins the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine against the British government, and opposition to Jewish immigration.

May

• May 2 – Peter and the Wolf, a Russian fairy tale of Sergei Prokofiev’s composition, debuts at the Nezlobin Theater in Moscow, Soviet Union.
• May 5 – March of the Iron Will: Italian forces occupy Addis Ababa unopposed.
• May 7 – Italy annexes Ethiopia.
• May 9 – Italian East Africa is formed from the Italian territories of Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Italian Somaliland.
• May 12 – The Santa Fe railroad in the United States inaugurates the all-Pullman Super Chief passenger train, between Chicago and Los Angeles.
• May 25 – The Remington Rand strike of 1936–37 begins, spawning the notorious Mohawk Valley formula, a corporate plan for strikebreaking.
• May 27
  • The first flight by the Irish airline Aer Lingus takes place.
  • British luxury liner RMS Queen Mary leaves Southampton on her maiden voyage across the Atlantic.
• May 28 – Alan Turing submits his paper “On Computable Numbers” to the London Mathematical Society for publication, introducing the concept of the Turing machine. It is formally published on November 12.

June

• June
  • A major heat wave strikes North America; high temperature records are set, and thousands die.
  • The first production model PCC streetcar, built by St. Louis Car Company, is placed in service by Pittsburgh Railways.
• June 7
  • The general strike in France is ended by the Matignon Agreements.
  • The Steel Workers Organizing Committee is founded in the United States.
• June 10 – Margaret Mitchell’s epic historical romance Gone with the Wind is first published in the United States.
• June 15 – An army ammunition depot explosion kills 63 in Männiku, Estonia.
• June 19 – Max Schmeling knocks out Joe Louis in the 12th round of their heavyweight boxing match, at Yankee Stadium in New York City.
• June 19 – Per Albin Hansson resigns as Prime Minister of Sweden, over the issue of defence policy. He is replaced by the leader of the Farmer’s League (Bondeförbundet) Axel Pehrsson-Bramstorp, whom also becomes Minister of Agriculture.
• June 19 – The total solar eclipse of June 19, 1936 is visible in Greece, Turkey, Russia and Japan. It is part of Solar Saros 126; Gamma is a value of 0.53889.
• June 26 – Focke-Wulf Fw 61, the first fully controllable helicopter, makes its maiden flight.
• June 29 – The United States Maritime Commission is formed.

.

July

• July 4 – First publication recognizing stress as a biological condition.
• July 11 – The Triborough Bridge in New York City is opened to traffic (the bridge is renamed Robert F. Kennedy Bridge in 2008).
• July 13 – 14 – Peak of July 1936 heat wave: The U.S. states of Wisconsin, Michigan, and Indiana all set new state records for high temperature. At Mio in northern Michigan, it soars to 113 °F (45 °C).
• July 17 – The Spanish Army of Africa launches a coup d’état against the Second Spanish Republic, beginning the Spanish Civil War.
• July 20 – The Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits is signed in Montreux, allowing Turkey to fortify the Dardanellesand the Bosphorus, but guaranteeing free passage to ships of all nations in peacetime.

August

• August 1 – The 1936 Summer Olympics open in Berlin, Germany, and mark the first live television coverage of a sports event in world history (John Logie Baird had previously broadcast the Derby horse race in Britain in 1931).
• August 3 – 1936 Summer Olympics: African-American athlete Jesse Owens wins the 100-meter dash.
• August 4 – A self-coup is staged by Greek Prime Minister Ioannis Metaxas, marking the beginning of the authoritarian 4th of August Regime, which will rule Greece until the Axis occupation of Greece in 1941.
• August 14
  • Rainey Bethea is hanged in Owensboro, Kentucky, in the last public execution in the United States
  • 1936 Summer Olympics: The United States men’s national basketball team wins the first Olympic basketball tournament in the final game over Canada, 19–8.
• August 19 – The first of the Moscow Trials begins in the Soviet Union.
• August 26 – The Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936 is signed.
• August 30
  • Ernest Nash flees Germany for Rome.
  • President Franklin D. Roosevelt attends the dedication of Thomas Jefferson’s head, at Mount Rushmore.

September

• September 4–5 – English-born aviator Beryl Markham becomes the first woman to make an east-to-west solo transatlantic flight, from Abingdon-on-Thames, England, to Baleine, Nova Scotia.
• September 5 – Spanish Civil War: Robert Capa’s photograph The Falling Soldier is taken.
• September 7 – The last known thylacine (“Tasmanian tiger”), named Benjamin, dies in Hobart Zoo in Tasmania.
• September 9
  • 1936 Naval Revolt (Portugal): The crews of Portuguese Navy frigate NRP Afonso de Albuquerque and destroyer Dão mutiny while anchored in Lisbon Harbour. Opposed to the Salazar dictatorship’s support of General Franco’s coup in Spain, they declare their solidarity with the Spanish Republic.
  • The Franco-Syrian Treaty of Independence is signed.
• September 10 – The first World Speedway Championship is held at Wembley Stadium in London, England. It is won by Australian Lionel Van Praag, with Englishman Eric Langton second and Australian Bluey Wilkinson third.
• September 12 – The Walt Disney animated short Donald and Pluto is released. It is the only installment of the Mickey Mouse series where Mickey Mouse does not appear.
• September 14 – Raoul Villain, assassin of French Socialist Jean Jaures, is himself killed by Spanish Republicans in Ibiza.
• September 28 – After the election to the Swedish Riksdag’s second chamber, Axel Pehrsson-Bramstorp and his “Holiday Cabinet” (“Semesterregeringen“) resign (though he remains as Minister of Agriculture) and Per Albin Hansson returns as Prime Minister, staying in office until his death from a heart attack in 1946.

October

• October
  • Joseph Stalin’s Great Purge begins in the Soviet Union.
  • The Mästermyr chest is discovered in the Mästermyr mire (after which it is later named), west of Hemse, on the island of Gotland, Sweden.
• October 11 – Earl Bascom, rodeo cowboy and artist, designs and builds Mississippi’s first permanent rodeo arena at Columbia, Mississippi.
• October 19 – H.R. Ekins, reporter for the New York World-Telegram, wins a race to travel around the world on commercial airline flights, beating Dorothy Kilgallen of the New York Journal and Leo Kieran of The New York Times. The flight takes 18​¹⁄₂ days.
• October 25 – The Rome-Berlin Axis is formed.
• October 29 – The historic Uptown Theater (Washington, D.C.) opens.

November

• November 2
  • The BBC launches the world’s first regular (then) high-definition television service.
  • The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) begins radio in Canada.
• November 3 – U.S. presidential election, 1936: Franklin D. Roosevelt is reelected to a second term, in a landslide victory over KansasGovernor Alf Landon; farmers support Roosevelt.
• November 9 – American fashion designer Ruth Harkness encounters and captures a nine-week-old panda cub in Sichuan, China; it becomes the first live giant panda to enter the United States.
• November 12 – In California, the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge opens to traffic.
• November 20 – A levee failure and continued massive rain at the Mitsubishi Osarizawa mine, Kazuno, northeastern Akita, Japan, results in at least 375 deaths.
• November 23 – Cover date of the first issue of Life, a weekly news magazine launched in the United States under the management of Henry Luce.
• November 25 – The Anti-Comintern Pact is signed by Germany and Japan.
• November 30 – A spectacular fire destroys The Crystal Palace in London, originally built for the 1851 Great Exhibition.

December

• December 1 – Hitler mandates that all German boys aged 10 to 18 join the Hitler Youth paramilitary organization.
• December 3 – Radio station WQXR is officially founded in New York City.
• December 5 – The 1936 Soviet Constitution, promulgated by Stalin, is adopted in the Soviet Union. The Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic is dissolved, and Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia become full Republics of the Soviet Union.
• December 7
  • Streptococcous meningitis (a condition previously 99% fatal) is successfully treated for the first time with a sulfonamide.
  • Australian cricketer Jack Fingleton becomes the first player to score centuries in four consecutive Test innings.
• December 10 – Edward VIII abdication crisis: King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom signs an instrument of abdication at Fort Belvedere, Surrey in the presence of his three brothers, The Duke of York, The Duke of Gloucester and The Duke of Kent.
• December 11
  • Edward VIII abdication crisis: The British Parliament passes His Majesty’s Declaration of Abdication Act 1936 on behalf of the U.K., Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. The King performs his last act as sovereign by giving Royal Assent to the Act, and his brother Prince Albert, Duke of York, becomes King, reigning as King George VI.
  • The abdicated King Edward VIII, now HRH Prince Edward, makes a broadcast to the nation explaining his decision to abdicate. He leaves the country for Austria.
  • Taking the opportunity to free itself further from ties to the United Kingdom, the Oireachtas of the Irish Free State passes the Constitution (Amendment No. 27) Act 1936, removing most powers from the office of Governor-General of the Irish Free State, and the Executive Authority (External Relations) Act 1936 (signed into law December 12), assenting to the abdication and restricting the power of the monarch in relation to Ireland to international affairs.
• December 12 – Xi’an Incident: Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek of the Republic of China is kidnapped by Marshal Zhang Xueliang.
• December 23 – Colombia signs the Buenos Aires Copyright Treaty.
• December 24 – The first filmed Russian opera, Natalka Poltavka, is released in Ukraine.
• December 26 – The Abraham Lincoln Brigade sails from New York City on its way to the Spanish Civil War.
• December 30 – The United Auto Workers begins the Flint Sit-Down Strike in Flint, Michigan.

Date unknown

• West China Famine: An estimated five million people die.
• The YMCA Youth and Government program is founded in Albany, New York.
• Nestlé introduce the white chocolate Milkybar (called Galak in Continental Europe and elsewhere).
• Cocoa production in the Gold Coast reaches 305,000 tons.

Births

January

• January 2 – Roger Miller, American singer, songwriter, musician and actor (d. 1992)
• January 6
  • Darlene Hard, American tennis player
  • Alejandro Maldonado, Guatemalan politician
  • Julio María Sanguinetti, 2-time President of Uruguay
• January 8 – Robert May, Australian scientist (d. 2020)
• January 10
  • Stephen E. Ambrose, American historian and biographer (d. 2002)
  • Burnum Burnum, Australian Aboriginal activist, author and actor (d. 1997)
  • Robert Wilson, American physicist, radio astronomer, and Nobel laureate
• January 11 – Eva Hesse, American artist (d. 1970)
• January 12 – Émile Lahoud, 15th President of Lebanon
• January 13 – Renato Bruson, Italian baritone
• January 14 – Reiner Klimke, German equestrian (d. 1999)
• January 19
  • Tonny Koeswoyo, Indonesian rock musician (d. 1987)
  • Ziaur Rahman, 7th President of Bangladesh (d. 1981)
• January 22
  • Alan J. Heeger, American physicist
  • Ong Teng Cheong, 5th President of Singapore (d. 2002)
• January 25 – Diana Hyland, American actress (d. 1977)
• January 27
  • Barry Barish, American gravitational physicist, Nobel laureate
  • Troy Donahue, American actor (d. 2001)
  • Samuel C. C. Ting, American physicist
• January 28
  • Waldyr Boccardo, Brazilian basketball player (d. 2018)
  • Alan Alda, American actor, director, screenwriter, comedian and author
  • Ismail Kadare, Albanian writer

February

• February 3 – Bob Simpson, Australian cricketer
• February 4 – David Brenner, American actor and comedian (d. 2014)
• February 6
  • Kent Douglas, Canadian ice hockey player, coach (d. 2009)
  • Stompin’ Tom Connors, Canadian country and folk singer-songwriter (d. 2013)
• February 9 – Clive Swift, British actor (d. 2019)
• February 11 – Burt Reynolds, American actor, director and producer (d. 2018)
• February 14 – Anna German, Polish singer (d. 1982)
• February 16 – Carl Icahn, American businessman, investor and philanthropist
• February 17 – Jim Brown, African-American football player and actor
• February 20
  • Shehu Idris, Nigerian aristocrat (d. 2020)
  • Sharpe James, American politician
• February 21 – Barbara Jordan, African-American lawyer, educator, politician and civil rights activist (d. 1996)
• February 26 – Adem Demaçi, Albanian politician, writer (d. 2018)
• February 27 – Ron Barassi, Australian footballer
• February 29
  • Alex Rocco, American actor (d. 2015)
  • Jack Lousma, American astronaut and politician
  • Henri Richard, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2020)

March

• March 4
  • Jim Clark, Scottish race car driver (d. 1968)
  • Kim Yong-chun, North Korean soldier, politician (d. 2018)
  • Aribert Reimann, German composer
• March 5
  • Canaan Banana, 1st President of Zimbabwe (d. 2003)
  • Dean Stockwell, American actor
• March 6
  • Marion Barry, African-American civil rights activist and politician (d. 2014)
  • Choummaly Sayasone, 5th President of Laos
• March 7
  • Loren Acton, American astronaut
  • Antonio Mercero, Spanish screen director (d. 2018)
  • Julio Terrazas Sandoval, Bolivian cardinal (d. 2015)
• March 9 – Mickey Gilley, American country singer
• March 10 – Sepp Blatter, Swiss sports administrator, president of FIFA
• March 11
  • Harald zur Hausen, German virologist
  • Antonin Scalia, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 2016)
• March 13 – Mónica Miguel, Mexican actress, director and singer (d. 2020)
• March 17 – Ken Mattingly, American astronaut
• March 18 – F. W. de Klerk, 10th President of South Africa (1989–94)
• March 19
  • Ursula Andress, Swiss actress
  • Uri Aviram, Israeli university professor
• March 20 – Lee “Scratch” Perry, Jamaican musician
• March 21 – Seyyed Mehdi Tabatabaei, Iranian politician (d. 2018)
• March 22 – Roger Whittaker, Kenyan-born British singer-songwriter
• March 27 – Banwari Lal Joshi, Indian politician (d. 2017)
• March 28
  • Bill Gaither, American musician
  • Mario Vargas Llosa, Peruvian writer, politician, journalist and essayist, Nobel Prize laureate
  • Amancio Ortega Gaona, Spanish business tycoon

April

• April 1 – Jean-Pascal Delamuraz, 2-time President of Switzerland (d. 1998)
• April 7 – Princess Elizabeth of Yugoslavia, Yugoslav princess, Serbian princess, Serbian presidential candidate
• April 9
  • Valerie Solanas, American feminist writer who attempted to kill Andy Warhol (d. 1988)
  • Ferdinando Imposimato, Italian judge (d. 2018)
• April 10 – John Madden, American football player, coach and sportscaster
• April 12 – Charles Napier, American character actor (d. 2011)
• April 13 – Choi In-hun, South Korean writer (d. 2018)
• April 14 – Dilbagh Singh Kler, Malaysian Olympic athlete (d. 2012)
• April 15
  • Pen Sovan, Cambodian politician (d. 2016)
  • Raymond Poulidor, French road-bicycle racer （d. 2019）
• April 17 – Jiří Grygar, Czech astronomer
• April 20 – Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Cádiz (d. 1989)
• April 22 – Glen Campbell, American singer and actor (d. 2017)
• April 23 – Roy Orbison, American singer, songwriter (Pretty Woman) (d. 1988)
• April 24
  • Akwasi Afrifa, 3rd Head of State of Ghana (d. 1979)
  • Jill Ireland, English actress (d. 1990)
• April 28 – Tariq Aziz, Iraqi politician (d. 2015)
• April 29
  • Adolfo Nicolás, Spanish priest (d. 2020)
  • Jacob Rothschild, 4th Baron Rothschild, British Baron

May

• May 1 – Danièle Huillet, French filmmaker (d. 2006)
• May 2
  • Norma Aleandro, Argentinian actress
  • Engelbert Humperdinck (b. Arnold George Dorsey), British singer
• May 4 – El Cordobés, Spanish matador
• May 5 – Trần Đức Lương, 5th President of Vietnam
• May 7 – Jimmy Ruffin, African-American singer (d. 2014)
• May 9
  • Albert Finney, English actor (d. 2019)
  • Glenda Jackson, English actress and politician
• May 12
  • Klaus Doldinger, German musician
  • Guillermo Endara, 32nd President of Panama (1989–1994) (d. 2009)
• May 13 – Rafael Campos, Dominican actor (d. 1985)
• May 14 – Bobby Darin, American singer (d. 1973)
• May 16
  • Philippe de Montebello, art exhibitionist
  • Karl Lehmann, German Catholic cardinal (d. 2018)
• May 17 – Dennis Hopper, American actor and director (d. 2010)
• May 20
  • Nickey Iyambo, Namibian politician, 1st Vice-President of Namibia (d. 2019)
  • Antanas Vaupšas, Lithuanian athlete (d. 2017)
• May 21 – Günter Blobel, Polish-American biologist, academic and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2018)
• May 23 – Charles Kimbrough, American actor
• May 25 – Tom T. Hall, American country singer
• May 27 – Louis Gossett Jr., African-American actor

June

• June 2 – Volodymyr Holubnychy, Soviet Olympic athlete
• June 3 – Colin Meads, New Zealand rugby union player (d. 2017)
• June 4
  • Bruce Dern, American actor
  • Nutan Samarth, Indian actress (d. 1991)
• June 8
  • James Darren, American actor and singer
  • Kenneth G. Wilson, American Nobel Prize-winning physicist (d. 2013)
• June 15 – William Levada, American cardinal (d. 2019)
• June 17 – Ken Loach, British film director
• June 18
  • Denny Hulme, New Zealand racing driver (d. 1992)
  • Barack Obama Sr., Kenyan economist (d. 1982)
• June 19 – Takeshi Aono, Japanese actor (d. 2012)
• June 22
  • Kris Kristofferson, American actor, singer and songwriter
  • Izatullo Khayoyev, 1st Prime Minister of Tajikistan (d. 2015)
  • Ferran Olivella, Spanish footballer
  • Hermeto Pascoal, Brazilian composer and multi-instrumentalist
• June 23 – Costas Simitis, Greek politician, 78th Prime Minister of Greece
• June 25 – B. J. Habibie, Indonesian politician, 3rd President of Indonesia (d. 2019)
• June 26
  • Hal Greer, African-American professional basketball player (d. 2018)
  • Lee Ming-liang, Taiwanese geneticist
  • Jean-Claude Turcotte, Canadian cardinal (d. 2015)
• June 27
  • Geneviève Fontanel, French stage, film actress (d. 2018)
  • Joe Doyle, Irish politician (d. 2009)
• June 28 – Leon O. Chua, American electrical engineer and computer scientist
• June 29
  • David Jenkins, American figure skater
  • Eddie Mabo, Australian Indigenous rights activist (d. 1992)
  • Kigeli V of Rwanda, last king of Rwanda (d. 2016)
• June 30 – Assia Djebar, Algerian writer (d. 2015)

July

• July 1
  • Mihir Rakshit, Indian economist
  • E. Ponnuswamy, Indian politician
  • Antonio Salines, Italian actor, director
• July 5
  • Sir Frederick Ballantyne, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (d. 2020)
  • Shirley Knight, American actress (d. 2020)
  • Sir James Mirrlees, Scottish-born economist, winner of the 1996 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (d. 2018)
• July 7
  • Hammoudi Al-Harithi, Iraqi actor
  • Anatoly Kirov, Soviet wrestler
  • Ip Ching, Chinese martial artist (d. 2020)
• July 8 – Johan Du Preez, Rhodesian-Zimbabwean sprinter
• July 14 – Marisa Allasio, Italian actress
• July 16
  • Miria Obote, former First Lady of Uganda
  • Venkataraman Subramanya, Indian cricketer
  • Leo Sterckx, Belgian cyclist
  • Yasuo Fukuda, 58th Prime Minister of Japan
• July 18 – Ted Harris, Canadian ice hockey player
• July 20 – Barbara Mikulski, American politician, U.S. Senate (D-Md.)
• July 23 – Anthony Kennedy, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
• July 24 – Ruth Buzzi, American actress
• July 26 – R. Neelakantan, Indian actor (d. 2018)
• July 29 – Elizabeth Dole, American politician, U.S. Senator (R-NC)
• July 30
  • Infanta Pilar, Duchess of Badajoz, Spanish royal (d. 2020)
  • Buddy Guy, African-American blues singer and guitarist

August

• August 1
  • Yves Saint Laurent, Algerian-born French fashion designer (d. 2008)
  • Chadlia Fahrat Essebsi, Tunisian consort, 5th First Lady of Tunisia (d. 2019)
• August 4 – Joaquim Roriz, Brazilian politician (d. 2018)
• August 12
  • Kjell Grede, Swedish film director (d. 2017)
  • André Kolingba, President of Central African Republic (d. 2010)
• August 17 – Margaret Hamilton, American computer scientist, systems engineer, and business owner
• August 18
  • Hifikepunye Pohamba, 2nd President of Namibia
  • Robert Redford, American actor and film director
• August 21
  • Wilt Chamberlain, African-American basketball player (d. 1999)
  • Luisa Isabel Álvarez de Toledo, 21st Duchess of Medina Sidonia, (d. 2008)
• August 23 – Rudy Lewis, American rhythm and blues singer (d. 1964)
• August 25 – Giridharilal Kedia, Indian former Working President of KVK (d. 2009)
• August 26 – Benedict Anderson, American academic (d. 2015)
• August 27 – Lien Chan, Taiwanese politician
• August 28 – Bert Schneider, Austrian road racer (d. 2009)
• August 29 – John McCain, American politician, U.S. Senator (R-Az.) (d. 2018)
• August 31 – Fabrizia Ramondino, Italian author (d. 2008)

September

• September 1 – Valery Legasov, Soviet inorganic chemist (d. 1988)
• September 2 – Andrew Grove, Hungarian-American businessman, engineer and author (d. 2016)
• September 3 – Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, 2nd President of Tunisia (d. 2019)
• September 4
  • Kamuta Latasi, 4th Prime Minister of Tuvalu
  • Yoshihisa Yoshikawa, Japanese sport shooter (d. 2019)
• September 7
  • Bruce Gray, Puerto Rican/Canadian actor (d. 2017)
  • Buddy Holly, American rock-and-roll singer, songwriter, and musician (d. 1959)
  • Jorge Porcel, Argentine-American actor (d. 2006)
• September 14 – Walter Koenig, American actor (Star Trek: The Original Series)
• September 15 – Ashley Cooper, Australian tennis player (d. 2020)
• September 19 – Al Oerter, American Olympic athlete (d. 2007)
• September 21 – Yury Luzhkov, mayor of Moscow (d. 2019)
• September 23 – Valentín Paniagua, President of Perú (d. 2006)
• September 24 – Jim Henson, American puppeteer, filmmaker, and television producer (The Muppets) (d. 1990)
• September 25
  • Pierre Carniti, Italian politician and trade unionist (d. 2018)
  • Moussa Traoré, President of Mali (d. 2020)
• September 26 – Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, South African anti-apartheid activist (d. 2018)
• September 27
  • Don Cornelius, American host of Soul Train (d. 2012)
  • Joselo, Venezuelan actor, comedian (d. 2013)
• September 28
  • Eddie Lumsden, Australian rugby league player (d. 2019)
  • Robert Wolders, Dutch actor (d. 2018)
• September 29 – Silvio Berlusconi, 50th Prime Minister of Italy, media entrepreneur

October

• October 1 – Duncan Edwards, English footballer (d. 1958)
• October 3 – Steve Reich, American composer
• October 5 – Václav Havel, Czech playwright, writer and politician, 10th President of Czechoslovakia and 1st President of the Czech Republic (d. 2011)
• October 6 – Lin Yu-lin, Taiwanese billionaire real estate developer (d. 2018)
• October 7 – Fereydoun Farrokhzad, Iranian entertainer (d. 1992)
• October 8 – Rogelio Guerra, Mexican actor (d. 2018)
• October 9 – Brian Blessed, English actor
• October 10 – Gerhard Ertl, German physicist, Nobel laureate
• October 13 – Christine Nöstlinger, Austrian writer (d. 2018)
• October 17 – Bert Nievera, Filipino-American singer (d. 2018)
• October 18 – Jaime Lucas Ortega y Alamino, Cuban cardinal (d. 2019)
• October 22 – Bobby Seale, American political activist
• October 24 – Bill Wyman, British musician (The Rolling Stones)
  • David Nelson, American actor, older brother of Ricky Nelson (d. 2011)
• October 25 – Masako Nozawa, Japanese actress and voice actress
• October 26
  • Etelka Kenéz Heka, Hungarian writer, poet, singer
  • Shelley Morrison, American actress (d. 2019)
• October 28 – Charlie Daniels, American country singer, and songwriter (d. 2020)
• October 30 – Polina Astakhova, Soviet artistic gymnast (d. 2005)
• October 31 – Michael Landon, American actor, director, producer and writer (d. 1991)

November

• November 3 – Roy Emerson, Australian tennis player
• November 4 – Didier Ratsiraka, President of Madagascar (d. 2021)
• November 5
  • Ivan Stambolić, Serbian politician (d. 2000)
  • Uwe Seeler, German football player and manager
• November 8 – Virna Lisi, Italian actress (d. 2014)
• November 9
  • Mary Travers, American singer-songwriter (d. 2009)
  • Stephanie Rothman, American film director
• November 11 – Susan Kohner, American actress
• November 17
  • Lazarus Salii, 3rd President of Palau (d. 1988)
  • Dahlia Ravikovitch, Israeli poet (d. 2005)
• November 18 – Don Cherry, African-American jazz trumpeter (d. 1995)
• November 19 – Dick Cavett, American talk show host, television personality
• November 20 – Don DeLillo, American author
• November 22 – John Bird, British satirist, actor and comedian
• November 23
  • Robert Barnard, English writer (d. 2013)
  • Lazarus Salii, 3rd President of Palau (d. 1988)
  • Steve Landesberg, actor and comedian (d. 2010)
• November 30 – Abbie Hoffman, American political and social activist (d. 1989)

December

• December 4 – Freddy Cannon, American singer
• December 5 – James Lee Burke, American author
• December 7 – Martha Layne Collins, American businesswoman and politician
• December 8 – David Carradine, American actor, director and martial artist (d. 2009)
• December 9 – A. B. Yehoshua, Israeli writer
• December 11 – Hans van den Broek, Dutch politician and diplomat
• December 12
  • Iolanda Balaș, Romanian high jumper (d. 2016)
  • Reggie Young, American musician and guitarist (d. 2019)
• December 14 – Robert A. Parker, American physicist, astronomer, and astronaut
• December 17
  • Pope Francis, Argentine-born Catholic Pontiff
  • Klaus Kinkel, German politician (d. 2019)
  • Tommy Steele, British entertainer
• December 20 – Niki Bettendorf, Luxembourgian politician (d. 2018)
• December 21 – Barbara Roberts, American politician
• December 22 – Héctor Elizondo, American actor
• December 23 – Frederic Forrest, American actor
• December 25
  • Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy
  • Ismail Merchant, Indian film director and producer (d. 2005)
• December 27 – Alex Miller, Australian novelist
• December 29
  • Mary Tyler Moore, American actress, producer and diabetes awareness activist (d. 2017)
  • Peep Janes, Estonian architect
  • Ray Nitschke, American football player (d. 1998)
• December 31 – Siw Malmkvist, Swedish singer

Deaths

January

• January 1 – Harry B. Smith, American composer (b. 1860)
• January 5 – Ramón del Valle-Inclán, Spanish writer (b. 1866)
• January 6 – Louise Bryant, American journalist (b. 1885)
• January 9 – John Gilbert, American actor (b. 1897)
• January 15
  • Henry Foster, British Conservative Party politician, former Governor-General of Australia (b. 1866)
  • George Landenberger, United States Navy Captain, 23rd Governor of American Samoa (b. 1879)
• January 16 – Albert Fish, American serial killer (executed) (b. 1870)
• January 18 – Rudyard Kipling, British writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1865)
• January 20 – King George V of the United Kingdom (b. 1865)
• January 23 – John Mills, Jr., “Mills Brothers” basso, guitarist (b. 1911)
• January 24
  • Harry T. Morey, American actor (b. 1873)
  • Harry Peach, British furniture manufacturer, social campaigner (b. 1874)
• January 28 – Richard Loeb, American murderer (b. 1905)

February

• February 3 – Princess Sophie of Schönburg-Waldenburg, consort of William of Wied, Prince of Albania (b.1885)
• February 4 – Wilhelm Gustloff, German leader of the Swiss Nazi Party (b. 1895)
• February 8 – Charles Curtis, 31st Vice President of the United States (b. 1860)
• February 19 – Billy Mitchell, American general, military aviation pioneer (b. 1879)
• February 20
  • Max Schreck, German actor (b. 1879)
  • Georges Vacher de Lapouge, French anthropologist (b. 1854)
• February 23 – William Adamson, British Labour politician (b. 1863)
• February 26 – in the “February 26 Incident”:
  • Takahashi Korekiyo, 11th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1854)
  • Saitō Makoto, Japanese admiral, 19th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1858)
• February 27
  • Ivan Pavlov, Russian psychologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1849)
  • Mulugeta Yeggazu, Ethiopian government official, military leader
  • Fred Haines, American film director and screenwriter
• February 28 – Charles Nicolle, French bacteriologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1866)

March

• March 9 – Swami Sri Yukteswar Giri, Indian monk and yogi (b. 1855)
• March 11 – David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty, British admiral (b. 1871)
• March 12 – Sir David Campbell, British army general and Governor of Malta (b. 1869)
• March 13 – Sir Francis Bell, 20th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1851)
• March 16
  • Dace Akmentiņa, Latvian actress (b. 1858)
  • Marguerite Durand, French journalist, feminist leader (b. 1864)
• March 18 – Eleftherios Venizelos, Greek statesman, several times Prime Minister (b. 1864)
• March 20 – Herman P. Faris, American temperance movement leader (b. 1858)
• March 21 – Alexander Glazunov, Russian composer, conductor (b. 1865)
• March 23 – Oscar Asche, Australian actor (b. 1871)
• March 28 – Sir Archibald Garrod, English physician (b. 1857)

April

• April 2 – Alberico Albricci, Italian general (b. 1864)
• April 3 – Richard Hauptmann, German killer of Charles Lindbergh, Jr. (executed) (b. 1899)
• April 6 – Edmund Breese, American actor (b. 1871)
• April 7 – Marilyn Miller, American actress (b. 1898)
• April 8 – Róbert Bárány, Austrian physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1876)
• April 9 – Ferdinand Tönnies, German sociologist, economist and philosopher (b. 1855)
• April 18 – Ottorino Respighi, Italian composer, musicologist, and conductor (b. 1879)
• April 23 – Teresa de la Parra, Venezuelan writer (b. 1889)
• April 26 – Tammany Young, American actor (b. 1886)
• April 27 – Karl Pearson, English statistician (b. 1857)
• April 28 – King Fuad I of Egypt (b. 1868)
• April 30 – A. E. Housman, English poet (b. 1859)

May

• May 2 – Ivan Alexandrov, Russian engineer (b. 1875)
• May 4 – Ludwig von Falkenhausen, German general (b. 1844)
• May 5 – Marianne Hainisch, Austrian women’s rights activist (b. 1839)
• May 8 – Oswald Spengler, German philosopher (b. 1880)
• May 12 – Hu Hanmin, Chinese politician (b. 1879)
• May 14 – Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby, British soldier, administrator (b. 1861)
• May 16 – Leonidas Paraskevopoulos, Greek general, senator (b. 1860)
  • Julius Schreck, Nazi officer, First commander of the SS (b. 1898)
• May 17 – Panagis Tsaldaris, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1868)
• May 20 – Elmer Fowler Stone, American aviator, first United States Coast Guard aviator (b. 1887)
• May 24 – Khaz’al Khan Ibn Haji Jabir Khan, Iranian emir (b. 1863)
• May 29 – Norman Chaney, American actor (b. 1914)

June

• June 3 – Walther Wever, German general, Luftwaffe commander (b. 1887)
• June 11 – Robert E. Howard, American author (suicide) (b. 1906)
• June 12 – Karl Krays, Austrian writer, journalist (b. 1874)
• June 14 – G. K. Chesterton, English author (b. 1874)
• June 17 – Henry B. Walthall, American actor (b. 1878)
• June 18
  • Maxim Gorky, Russian writer (b. 1868)
  • Edith Miller, Canadian concert contralto singer (b. 1875?)
• June 19 – Sir William Hall-Jones, English-New Zealand politician, 16th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1851)
• June 22
  • Mary Haviland Stilwell Kuesel, American pioneer dentist (b. 1866)
  • Moritz Schlick, German philosopher, physicist (b. 1882)
• June 28 – Alexander Berkman, Russian anarchist (b. 1870)
• June 29 – János Szlepecz, Slovene priest, writer (b. 1872)

July

• July 1 – Hovhannes Abelian, Armenian actor (b. 1865)
• July 8 – Thomas Meighan, American actor (b. 1879)
• July 9 – Auguste Adib Pacha, two-time Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. 1859)
• July 11 – James Murray, American actor (b. 1901)
• July 13 – José Calvo Sotelo, Spanish politician (b. 1893)
• July 16
  • Alan Crosland, American film director (b. 1894)
  • Nicolae Alevra, Romanian general, politician, and author (b. 1871)
• July 20 – José Sanjurjo, Spanish general (b. 1872)
• July 24 – Georg Michaelis, 6th Chancellor of Germany (b. 1857)
• July 25 – Heinrich Rickert, German philosopher (b. 1863)

August

• August 1 – Louis Blériot, French aviation pioneer (b. 1872)
• August 9 – Lincoln Steffens, American journalist (b. 1866)
• August 12
  • Blessed Victoria Díez Bustos de Molina, Spanish teacher, religious woman (b. 1903)
  • Manuel Goded, Spanish general (executed) (b. 1882)
• August 15 – Grazia Deledda, Italian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1871)
• August 19
  • Federico García Lorca, Spanish writer (assassinated) (b. 1898)
  • Hugh Patrick Lygon, English aristocrat (b. 1904)
  • Oscar von Sydow, 18th Prime Minister of Sweden (b. 1873)
• August 22 – José María Hinojosa, Spanish poet (assassinated) (b. 1904)
• August 23 – Julio Ruiz de Alda, Spanish aviator, Falangist politician (executed) (b. 1897)
• August 25
  • Ivan Nikitich Smirnov, Soviet Communist Party activist (b. 1881)
  • Lev Kamenev, Soviet politician (b. 1883)
  • Grigory Zinoviev, Soviet politician (b. 1883)

September

• September 6 – Víctor Pradera Larumbe, Spanish political theorist (executed) (b. 1872)
• September 7 – Kenneth Robert Balfour, British Conservative Party politician (b. 1863)
• September 14 – Irving Thalberg, American film producer (b. 1899)
• September 16 – Karl Buresch, 9th Chancellor of Austria (b. 1878)
  • Jean-Baptiste Charcot, French scientist, medical doctor and polar scientist (b. 1867)
• September 17 – Henri Louis Le Chatelier, French chemist (Le Chatelier’s principle) (b. 1850)
• September 19 – Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande, Indian musician (b. 1860)
• September 21
  • Amalia Abad Casasempere, Spanish Roman Catholic laywoman, martyr (executed) (b. 1897)
  • Antoine Meillet, French linguist (b. 1866)
• September 24 – József Klekl, Slovene writer, journalist (b. 1879)
• September 28 – William Sims, American admiral (b. 1858)
• September 30 – Friedrich Sixt von Armin, German general (b. 1851)

October

• October 2 – Juho Sunila, 2-time Prime Minister of Finland (b. 1875)
• October 3 – John Heisman, American football coach (b. 1869)
• October 6 – Gyula Gömbös, 30th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1886)
• October 8
  • Cheiro, Irish astrologer (b. 1866)
  • William Henry Stark, American businessman (b. 1851)
• October 12 – Shuja ul-Mulk, Indian ruler (b. 1881)
• October 13 *ndash; John H. Hill, African-American attorney, military officer and school administrator, President of West Virginia State University (b. 1852)
• October 16 – Effie Adelaide Rowlands, British writer (b. 1859)
• October 19 – Lu Xun, leading figure of modern Chinese literature (b. 1881)
• October 20 – Anne Sullivan, American teacher of Helen Keller (b. 1866)
• October 26 – Rodney Heath, Australian tennis player (b. 1884)
• October 29 – Ramiro de Maeztu, Spanish writer (b. 1875)

November

• November 2 – Martin Lowry, English physical chemist (b. 1874)
• November 7
  • Walter L. Finn, American physician and politician (b. 1875)
  • Charles “Chic” Sale, American vaudevillian (b. 1885)
• November 11 – Sir Edward German, English composer (b. 1862)
• November 17
  • John Bowers, American actor (b. 1885)
  • Alexandros Papanastasiou, 2-time Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1876)
• November 20
  • Buenaventura Durruti, Spanish anarchist (b. 1896)
  • José Antonio Primo de Rivera, Spanish fascist politician (b. 1903)
• November 25
  • Édouard Goursat, French mathematician (b. 1858)
  • Andrew Harper, Scottish–Australian biblical scholar, teacher (b. 1844)
• November 27 – Edward Bach, British physician, homeopath and bacteriologist (b. 1886)

December

• December 7 – Jean Mermoz, French aviator (b. 1901)
• December 9
  • Juan de la Cierva, Spanish civil engineer, aviator, aeronautical engineer and inventor of the autogyro (b. 1895)
  • Arvid Lindman, 12th Prime Minister of Sweden (b. 1862)
  • Lottie Pickford, Canadian actress (b. 1895)
• December 10
  • Bobby Abel, English cricketer (b. 1857)
  • Luigi Pirandello, Italian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1867)
• December 11 – Myron Grimshaw, American baseball player (b. 1875)
• December 18 – Leonardo Torres y Quevedo, Spanish engineer, mathematician (b. 1852)
• December 23 – William Henry Harrison, English cricketer (b. 1866)
• December 24 – Irene Fenwick, American actress (b. 1887)
• December 25 – Carl Stumpf, German philosopher, psychologist (b. 1848)
• December 26 – Percival G. Baldwin, American politician and businessman (b. 1880)
• December 27 – Hans von Seeckt, German general (b. 1866)
• December 29 – Lucy, Lady Houston, British philanthropist (b. 1857)
• December 31 – Miguel de Unamuno, Spanish writer (b. 1864)

Nobel Prizes

• Physics – Victor F. Hess, Carl D. Anderson
• Chemistry – Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye
• Physiology or Medicine – Sir Henry Hallett Dale, Otto Loewi
• Literature – Eugene Gladstone O’Neill
• Peace – Carlos Saavedra Lamas