Proto-industrialization is the regional development, alongside commercial agriculture, of rural handicraft production for external markets. The term was introduced in the early 1970s by economic historians who argued that such developments in parts of Europe between the 16th and 19th centuries created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution. Later researchers suggested that similar conditions had arisen
Public works are a broad category of infrastructure projects, financed and constructed by the government, for recreational, employment, and health and safety uses in the greater community. They include public buildings (municipal buildings, schools, hospitals), transport infrastructure (roads, railroads, bridges, pipelines, canals, ports, airports), public spaces (public squares, parks, beaches), public services (water supply and treatment, sewage treatment, electrical grid, dams), and other, usually long-term, physical assets and facilities. Though often interchangeable with public infrastructure and public capital, public works does not necessarily carry an
Purana Qila, Hindustani for “Old Fort” also formerly called Shergarh & Sher Fort is one of the oldest forts in Delhi, India. It is located near the expansive Pragati Maidan exhibition ground and is separated from the Dhyanchand Stadiumby the Mathura Road, Delhi. Contents 1History 1.1Pre-Islamic origins and Indraprastha theory 1.2Dinpanah 1.3British Era 1.4World War 2 1.5Recent years 2Excavations 3Physical features 3.1Qila-i-Kuhna Mosque 3.2Sher
The Quit India Movement (translated into several Indian languages as the Leave India Movement), also known as the August Movement, was a movement launched at the Bombay session of the All-India Congress Committee by Mahatma Gandhion 9 August 1942, during World War II, demanding an end to British rule in India. After the failure of the Cripps Mission to secure Indian support for the British war
Rafi ud-Darajat (Persian: رفیع الدرجات) (1 December 1699 – 6 June 1719), the youngest son of Rafi-ush-Shan and the nephew of Azim ush Shan, was the eleventh Mughal Emperor. He succeeded Furrukhsiyar on 28 February 1719, being proclaimed Badshah by the Syed Brothers. He died from tuberculosis. Contents 1Reign 1.1Role of the Syed Brothers 1.2Rival claim to throne 2Death 3Ancestry 4External links Reign
Polybolos, meaning “multi thrower” in Greek, was an ancient Greek repeating ballista reputedly invented by Dionysius of Alexandria, a 3rd-century BC Greekengineer at the Rhodes arsenal, and used in antiquity. Philo of Byzantium encountered and described a weapon similar to the polybolos, a catapult that like a modern machine gun could fire again and again without a need to reload. Philo left a detailed description of the gears that powered its chain drive, the
Yadavindra Gardens, also known as Pinjore Gardens, is a historic 17th century garden located in Pinjore city of Panchkula district in the Indian state of Haryana. It is an example of the Mughal Gardens architectural style, which was renovated by the Patiala Dynasty Sikh Rulers. It was built by Fadai Khan. Contents 1Location 2History 3Architecture 4Pinjore Garden Site Museum 5Pinjore Garden Heritage Train 6Fair and
The Persian language in the Indian subcontinent (Persian: زبان فارسی در شبه قاره هند), before the British colonisation, was the region’s lingua franca and a widely used official language in North India. The language was brought into South Asia by various Turkicand Afghan dynasties, in particular the Turko-Afghan Ghaznavids, Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Dynasty. Persian held official status in the court and the administration within these empires. It largely
Persian art or Iranian art (Persian: هنر ایرانی) has one of the richest art heritages in world history and has been strong in many media including architecture, painting, weaving, pottery, calligraphy, metalworking and sculpture. At different times, influences from the art of neighbouring civilizations have been very important, and latterly Persian art gave and received major influences as part of the wider styles of Islamic art. This article covers
The Persian language and Urdu have had an intricate relationship throughout the history of the Urdu language. Persian historically played a significant role in the formation of modern Urdu, and today acts as its prestige language. Persian was brought to the Indian subcontinent by Turko-Persian rulers from the west in the region’s medieval period. Persian’s effect on Urdu is due