List of Indian monarchs

Early later documented rulers and dynasties who are deemed to have ruled a portion of the Indian subcontinent are included in this list.

Chandravanshi-Haihay Rajvansh

Chandradev
Budh
Maharaj Pururavas
Maharaj Ayussu
Maharaj Nahusha
Maharaj Yayati
Maharaj Yadu
Maharajstratjit
Maharaj Shatjit
Maharaj Haihay —Formation of Haihayvansh—
Maharaj Dharm
Maharaj Dharmnetra
Maharaj Kuntiraj
Maharaj Sahjit
Maharaj Mahishman
Maharaj Bhadrasen
Maharaj Durdabh
Maharaj Dhanak
Maharaj Krutvirya
Maharaj Sahasrarjun
Maharaj Veersen (Jaydhvaj)
Maharaj Taljhangh
Maharaj Vitihotra
Maharaj Anant
Maharaj Durjay
Amitrakarshan

Later they were divided among different sub-castes which include Kansara, Kasera, Tamrakar, Thathera, Tambat and many more.

Magadha dynasties

This list includes the legendary kings of Magadha

Prarikshita
Suhotra
Chyavana
Kriti
Pratipa

Brihadratha Dynasty (.c 2000-682 BCE)

Brihadratha

(2000-1985)

Kusaagra

(1985-1950)

Rishabha

(1950-1890)

Satyahita

(1890-1870)

Pushpa

(1870-1833)

Satershita

(1833-1800)

Sudhanva

(1800-1710)

Sarva

(1710-1666)

Bhuvan

(1666-1625)

Jarasanda

(1625-1580)

Sahadeva

(1580-1545)

Marjari

(1545-1501)

Srutasrava

(1501-1430)

Apratipa

(1430-1345)

Niramitra

(1345-1249)

Sukshatra

(1249-1166)

Brihatkarma

(1166-1100)

Syenajit

(1100-1090)

Srutamjaya

(1090-1053)

Mahabala

(1053-1005)

Succhi

(1005-998)

Kshemya

(998-943)

Anhvrata

(943-901)

Dharmanetra

(901-872)

Nirvrutti

(872-818)

Suvrata

(818-796)

Mahasena

(796-770)

Sumita

(770-745)

Subala

(745-735)

Sunetra

(735-728)

Satyajita

(728-720)

Viswajit

(720-699)

Ripunjya

(699-682)

Pradyota dynasty (c. 682–544 BCE)

Pradyota Mahasena

(682-659 BCE)

Palaka

(659-635 BCE)

Visakhayupa

(635-585 BCE)

Ajaka

(585-564 BCE)

Varttivarddhana

(564-544 BCE)

Haryanka dynasty (c. 544–413 BCE)

Bimbisara (558–491 BCE), founder of the first Magadhan empire
Ajatashatru (491–461 BCE)
Udayin

(461-428 BCE)

Anirudha

(428-419 BCE)

Munda

(419-417 BCE)

Darshaka

(417-415 BCE)

Nāgadāsaka

(415-413 BCE) (last ruler of the Haryanka dynasty)

Shishunaga dynasty (c. 413–345 BCE)

Shishunaga (412–395 BCE), king of Magadha
Kalashoka (Kakavarna)

(395-377 BCE)

Kshemadharman

(377-365 BCE)

Kshatraujas

(365-355 BCE)

Nandivardhana

(355-349 BCE)

Mahanandin (349-345 BCE),his empire was inherited by his illegitimate son Mahapadma Nanda

Nanda dynasty (c. 345–321 BCE)

Mahapadma Nanda (345-340 BCE), son of

Mahanandin,founded the Nanda Empire after inheriting Mahanandin’s empire

Pandhukananda
Panghupatinanda
Bhutapalananda
Rashtrapalananada
Govishanakananda
Dashasidkhakananda
Kaivartananda
Karvinatha Nand (Illegitimate son of Mahapadma Nanda)
Dhana Nanda(330-321 BCE)

(Agrammes,Xandrammes) (until 321 BCE), lost his empire to Chandragupta Maurya after being defeated by him.

Maurya dynasty (c. 321–180 BCE)

Ruler	Reign	Notes
Chandragupta Maurya	321–297 BCE
Bindusara Amitraghata	297–273 BCE
Ashoka	268–232 BCE	His son, Kunala, was blinded, and died before his father. Ashoka was succeeded by his grandson.
Dasharatha	232–224 BCE	Grandson of Ashoka.
Samprati	224–215 BCE	Brother of Dasharatha.
Shalishuka	215–202 BCE
Devavarman	202–195 BCE
Shatadhanvan	195–187 BCE	The Mauryan Empire had shrunk by the time of his reign
Brihadratha	187–180 BCE	Assassinated by Pushyamitra Shunga

Shunga dynasty (c. 185–73 BCE)

Pushyamitra Shunga (185–149 BCE), founded the dynasty after assassinating Brihadratha
Agnimitra (149–141 BCE), son and successor of Pushyamitra
Vasujyeshtha (141–131 BCE)
Vasumitra (131–124 BCE)
Andhraka (124–122 BCE)
Pulindaka (122–119 BCE)
Ghosha (119–116 BCE)
Vajramitra (116–110 BCE)
Bhagabhadra (c. 110 BCE), mentioned by the Puranas
Devabhuti (83–73 BCE), the last Shunga king

Kanva dynasty (c. 73–26 BCE)

Vasudeva (c. 75–66 BCE)
Bhumimitra (c. 66–c. 52 BCE)
Narayana (c. 52–c. 40 BCE)
Susarman (c. 40–c. 26 BCE)

Gupta dynasty (c. 240–605 CE)

Ruler	Reign	Notes
Sri-Gupta I	240–290	Founder of the dynasty.
Ghatotkacha	290–320
Chandra-Gupta I	320–325	His title Maharajadhiraja (“king of great kings”) suggests that he was the first emperor of the dynasty. It is not certain how he turned his small ancestral kingdom into an empire, although a widely accepted theory among modern historians is that his marriage to the Lichchhavi princess Kumaradevi helped him extend his political power.
Samudra-Gupta	325–375	Defeated several kings of northern India, and annexed their territories to his empire. He also marched along the south-eastern coast of India, advancing as far as the Pallava kingdom. In addition, he subjugated several frontier kingdoms and tribal oligarchies. His empire extended from Ravi River in the west to the Brahmaputra River in the east, and from the Himalayan foothills in the north to central India in the south-west; several rulers along the south-eastern coast were his tributaries.
Kacha	4th-century	Rival brother/king, possibly an usurper, there are coins who attest him as ruler; possibly identical with Samudra-Gupta.
Rama-Gupta	375–380
Chandra-Gupta II Vikramaditya	380–415	Continued the expansionist policy of his father Samudragupta: historical evidence suggests that he defeated the Western Kshatrapas, and extended the Gupta empire from the Indus River in the west to the Bengal region in the east, and from the Himalayan foothills in the north to the Narmada River in the south.
Kumara-Gupta I	415–455	He seems to have maintained control of his inherited territory, which extended from Gujarat in the west to Bengal region in the east.
Skanda-Gupta	455–467	It is stated that he restored the fallen fortunes of the Gupta family, which has led to suggestions that during his predecessor’s last years, the Empire may have suffered reverses, possibly against the Pushyamitras or the Hunas. He is generally considered the last of the great Gupta Emperors.
Puru-Gupta	467–472
Kumara-Gupta II Kramaditya	472–479
Buddha-Gupta	479–496	He had close ties with the rulers of Kannauj and together they sought to run the Alchon Huns (Hunas) out of the fertile plains of Northern India.
Narasimha-Gupta Baladitya	496–530
Kumara-Gupta III	530–540
Vishnu-Gupta Candraditya	540–570
Bhanu-Gupta	?	A lesser-known king with uncertain position in the list.

Ancient southern dynasties

Pandyan dynasty (c. 1100 BCE–1345 CE)

Central Pandyas

Kadungkon, (c. 1100–1050 BCE)
Pandion (c. 1050 BCE–990 BCE)

Early Pandyas

Nedunj Cheliyan I (Aariyap Padai Kadantha Nedunj Cheliyan)

( c.990-930 BCE)

Pudappandiyan

(c.930-885 BCE)

Mudukudumi Paruvaludhi

(c.885-850 BCE)

Nedunj Cheliyan II (Pasumpun Pandiyan)

(c. 850-805 BCE)

Nan Maran

(c. 805-760 BCE)

Nedunj Cheliyan III (Talaiyaalanganathu Seruvendra Nedunj Cheliyan )

(c. 760-720 BCE)

Maran Valudi

(c.720-685 BCE)

Musiri Mutriya Cheliyan

(c.685-650 BCE)

Ukkirap Peruvaluthi

(c.650-615 BCE)

First Empire

Kadungon (c. 600–700 CE), revived the dynasty
Maravarman Avani Culamani (590–620)
Cezhiyan Cendan (620–640)
Arikesari Maravarman Nindraseer Nedumaaran (640–674)
Kochadaiyan Ranadhiran (675–730)
Arikesari Parankusa Maravarman Rajasinga (730–765)
Parantaka Nedunjadaiyan (765–790)
Rasasingan II (790–800)
Varagunan I (800–830)
Sirmara Srivallabha (830–862)
Varaguna II (862–880)
Parantaka Viranarayana (862–905)
Rajasima Pandian II (905–920)

Pandyan Revival

Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan (1251–1268), revived Pandyan glory, considered one of the greatest conquerors of Southern India
Maravarman Sundara Pandyan
Maravarman Kulasekaran I (1268–1308)
Sundara Pandya (1308–1311), son of Maravarman Kulasekaran, fought with his brother Vira Pandya over the throne
Vira Pandya (1308–1311), son of Maravarman Kulasekaran, fought with his brother of Sundara Pandya over the throne, Madurai was conquered by the Khalji dynasty

Pandalam dynasty (c. 1200)

Raja Rajasekhara (c. 1200–1500), descendant of the Pandya dynasty, father of Ayyappan (often regarded as a Hindu deity)

Chera dynasty (c. 500 BCE–1124 CE)

Ancient Chera

1. Udiyancheralatan (c.500–450 BCE)

2. Antuvancheral (c.450–400 BCE)

3. Imayavaramban Nedun-Cheralatan (c.450–410 BCE)

4. Cheran Chenkutuvan (c.410–375 BCE)

5. Palyanai Sel-Kelu Kuttuvan (c.375–345 BCE)

6. Poraiyan Kadungo (c.345–300 BCE)

7. Kalankai-Kanni Narmudi Cheral (c.300–260 BCE)

8. Vel-Kelu Kuttuvan (c.260–225 BCE)

9. Selvak-Kadungo (c.225–200 BCE)

10. Adukotpattu Cheralatan (c.200–178 BCE)

11. Kuttuvan Irumporai (c.178–185 BCE)

12. Tagadur Erinda Perumcheral (c.185–145 BCE)

Complete list of Kings were lost and last find list started with-

13. Yanaikat-sey Mantaran Cheral (201–241 CE)

14. Ilamcheral Irumporai (241–257 CE)

15. Perumkadungo (257–287 CE)

16. Ilamkadungo (287–317 CE)

17. Kanaikal Irumporai (367–397 CE)

Kulashekhara dynasty (1020–1314)

Kulashekhara Varman (800–820), also called Kulashekhara Alwar
Rajashekhara Varman (820–844), also called Cheraman Perumal
Sthanu ravi Varman (844–885), contemporary of Aditya Chola
Rama Varma Kulashekhara (885–917)
Goda Ravi Varma (917–944)
Indu Kotha Varma (944–962)
Bhaskara Ravi Varman I (962–1019)
Bhaskara Ravi Varman II (1019–1021)
Vira Kerala (1021–1028)
Rajasimha (1028–1043)
Bhaskara Ravi Varman III (1043–1082)
Rama Varman Kulashekhara (1090–1122), also called Cheraman Perumal
Ravi Varman Kulashekhara (c. 1250–1314), last of the Cheras.

Chola dynasty (c. 600 BCE–1279 CE)

Sangam Cholas

Ilamcetcenni

(c. 600-550 BCE)

Karikala Chola

(c. 550-500 BCE)

Nedunkilli

(c.500-455 BCE)

Nalankilli

(c.455-410 BCE)

Killivalavan

(c.410-375 BCE )

Perunarkilli

(c.375-345 BCE)

Kocengannan

(c.345-305 BCE)

Imperial Cholas (848–1279)

Vijayalaya Chola (848–881)
Aditya (871–907)
Parantaka I (907–955)
Gandaraditya (950–957)
Arinjaya (956–957)
Parantaka Chola II (957–970)
Uttama Chola (973–985)
Rajaraja Chola I (985–1014)
Rajendra Chola I (1014–1018)
Rajadhiraja Chola I (1018–1054)
Rajendra Chola II (1054–1063)
Virarajendra Chola (1063–1070)
Athirajendra Chola (1067–1070)
Kulottunga Chola I (1071–1122)
Vikkrama Chola (1118–1135)
Kulottunga Chola II (1133–1150)
Rajaraja Chola II (1146–1163)
Rajadiraja Chola II (1163–1178)
Kulottunga Chola III (1178–1218)
Rajaraja Chola III (1216–1246)
Rajendra Chola III (1246–1279), last of the Cholas

Foreign invaders in north-western India

These empires were vast, centered in Persia or the Mediterranean; their satrapies (provinces) in India were at their outskirts.

The boundaries of the Achaemenid Empire reached the Indus River.

Alexander the Great (326–323 BCE) of the Argead dynasty who defeated Porus in the Battle of the Hydaspes River.

Seleucus I Nicator (323–321 BCE), diadochos was defeated by Chandragupta Maurya in 305 BCE.

The Hellenistic Euthydemid Dynasty also reached the north-western frontiers of India (c. 221–85 BCE).

Muhammad bin Qasim (711–715), an Arab general of the Umayyad Caliphate, conquered Sindh and Balochistan and ruled these lands on behalf of the Umayyad Caliph, Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik

Satavahana dynasty (c. 271 BCE–220 CE)

The beginning of the Satavahana rule is dated variously from 271 BCE to 30 BCE. Satavahanas dominated the Deccan region from 1st century BCE to 3rd century CE. It lasted till the early 3rd century CE. The following Satavahana kings are historically attested by epigraphic records, although the Puranas name several more kings (see Satavahana dynasty#List of rulers):

Simuka Satavahana (c. 230–207 BCE)
Kanha Satavahana (c. 207–189 BCE)
Malia Satakarni (c. 189–179 BCE)
Purnothsanga (c. 179–161 BCE)
Shathakarni (c. 179–133 BCE)
Lambodara Satavahana (c. 87–67 BCE)
Hāla (c. 20–24 CE)
Mandalaka (c. 24–30)
Purindrasena (c. 30–35)
Sundara Satakarni (c. 35–36)
Cakora Satakarni (c. 36)
Mahendra Satkarni (c. 36–65)
Gautamiputra Satakarni (c. 106–130)
Vashishtiputra Pulumayi (c. 130–158)
Vashishtiputra Satakarni (c. 158–170)
Sri Yajna Satakarni (c. 170–199)

Vakataka dynasty (c. 250–c. 500)

Vindhyasakti (250–270)
Pravarasena I (270–330)

The Pravarapura-Nandivardhana branch

Rudrasena I (330–355)
Prithivishena I (355–380)
Rudrasena II (380–385)
Divakarasena (385–400)
Prabhavatigupta (fem.), Regent (385–405)
Damodarasena (Pravarasena II) (400–440)
Narendrasena (440–460)
Prithvishena II (460–480)

The Vatsagulma branch

Sarvasena (330–355)
Vindhyasena (Vindhyashakti II) (355–442)
Pravarasena II (400–415)
Unknown (415–450)
Devasena (450–475)
Harishena (475–500)

Indo-Scythian rulers (c. 90 BCE–45 CE)

Northwestern India (c. 90 BCE–10 CE)

Maues (c. 85–60 BCE)
Vonones (c. 75–65 BCE)
Spalahores (c. 75–65 BCE)
Spalarises (c. 60–57 BCE)
Azes I (c. 57–35 BCE)
Azilises (c. 57–35 BCE)
Azes II (c. 35–12 BCE)
Zeionises (c. 10 BCE–10 CE)
Kharahostes (c. 10 BCE–10 CE)
Hajatria
Liaka Kusuluka, satrap of Chuksa
Kusulaka Patika, satrap of Chuksa and son of Liaka Kusulaka

Mathura area (c. 20 BCE–20 CE)

Hagamasha (satrap)
Hagana (satrap)
Rajuvula (Great Satrap) (c. 10 CE)
Sodasa, son of Rajuvula

Apracharaja rulers (12 BCE–45 CE)

Vijayamitra (12 BCE–15 CE)
Itravasu (c. 20 CE)
Aspavarma (15–45)

Minor local rulers

Bhadrayasha Niggas
Mamvadi
Arsakes

Indo-Parthian rulers (c. 21–100)

Gondophares I (c. 21–50)
Abdagases I (c. 50–65)
Satavastres (c. 60)
Sarpedones (c. 70)
Orthagnes (c. 70)
Ubouzanes (c. 77)
Sases or Gondophares II (c. 85)
Abdagases II (c. 90)
Pakores (c. 100)

Western Satraps (c. 35–405)

Nahapana (119–124)
Chashtana (c. 120)
Rudradaman I (c. 130–150)
Damajadasri I (170–175)
Jivadaman (175, d. 199)
Rudrasimha I (175–188, d. 197)
Isvaradatta (188–191)
Rudrasimha I (restored) (191–197)
Jivadaman (restored) (197–199)
Rudrasena I (200–222)
Samghadaman (222–223)
Damasena (223–232)
Damajadasri II (232–239) with
Viradaman (234–238)
Yasodaman I (239–240)
Yasodaman II (240)
Vijayasena (240–250)
Damajadasri III (251–255)
Rudrasena II (255–277)
Visvasimha (277–282)
Bhartridaman (282–295) with
Visvasena (293–304)
Rudrasimha II (304–348) with
Yasodaman II (317–332)
Rudradaman II (332–348)
Rudrasena III (348–380)
Simhasena (380–?)

Kushana dynasty (1–225)

Ruler	Reign	Notes
Heraios	1–30	King or clan chief of the Kushans. Founder of the dynasty.
Kujula Kadphises	30–80	United the Yuezhi confederation during the 1st century, and became the first Kushan emperor.
Vima Takto Soter Megas	80–90	Alias The Great Saviour. His empire covered northwestern Gandhara and greater Bactria towards China, where Kushan presence has been asserted in the Tarim Basin. Under his reign, embassies were also sent to the Chinese court.
Vima Kadphises	90–127	The first great Kushan emperor. He introduced gold coinage, in addition to the existing copper and silver coinage. Most of the gold seems to have been obtained through trade with the Roman Empire.
Kanishka I the Great	127–144	Came to rule an empire in Bactria extending to Pataliputra on the Gangetic plain. His conquests and patronage of Buddhism played an important role in the development of the Silk Road, and in the transmission of Mahayana Buddhism from Gandhara across the Karakoram range to China.
Huvishka	144–191	His rule was a period of retrenchment and consolidation for the Empire.
Vasudeva I	191–232	He was the last great Kushan emperor, and the end of his rule coincides with the invasion of the Sassanians as far as northwestern India, and the establishment of the Indo-Sassanians or Kushanshahs from around 240.
Kanishka II	232–245	It is likely he lost part of his empire to the Kushano-Sassanians.
Vashishka	245–250
Kanishka III	250–275
Vasudeva II	275–310
Chhu	310–325
Vasudeva III	c.300?	Kings whose existence is uncertain.
Vasudeva IV
Vasudeva V
Shaka Kushan/Shaka I	325–350
Kipunada	350–375	May have been a subject of Samudragupta from Gupta Empire.

Nagas of Padmavati (early 3rd century–mid-4th century)

Vrisha-naga alias Vrisha-bhava or Vrishabha, possibly ruled at Vidisha in the late 2nd century
Vrishabha or Vrisha-bhava may also be the name of a distinct king who succeeded Vrisha-naga
Bhima-naga, r. c. 210–230, probably the first king to rule from Padmavati
Skanda-naga
Vasu-naga
Brihaspati-naga
Vibhu-naga
Ravi-naga
Bhava-naga
Prabhakara-naga
Deva-naga
Vyaghra-naga
Ganapati-naga

Pallava dynasty (275–882)

Early Pallavas (275–355)

Simha Varman I (King) (275–300 or 315–345)
Skanda Varman I (Queen) (345–355)
singh vishnu / vappdev

Middle Pallavas (355–537)

Vishnugopa (350–355)
Kumaravisnu I (355–370)
Skanda Varman II (370–385)
Vira Varman (385–400)
Skanda Varman III (400–438)
Simha Varman II (438–460)
Skanda Varman IV (460–480)
Nandi Varman I (480–500)
Kumaravishnu II (c. 500–510)
Buddha Varman (c. 510–520)
Kumaravisnu III (c. 520–530)
Simha Varman III (c. 530–537)

Later Pallavas (537–882)

Simha Vishnu (537–570)
Mahendra Varman I (571–630)
Narasimha Varman I (Mamalla) (630–668)
Mahendra Varman II (668–672)
Paramesvara Varman I (672–700)
Narasimha Varman II (Raja Simha) (700–728)
Paramesvara Varman II (705–710)
Nandi Varman II (Pallavamalla) (732–796)
Thandi Varman (775–825)
Nandi Varman III (825–869)
Nirupathungan (869–882)
Aparajitha Varman (882–901)

Kadambas of Chandravalli at Chitradurga (345–525)

Mayurasharma (Varma) (345–365)
Kangavarma (365–390)
Bagitarha (390–415)
Raghu (415–435)
Kakusthavarma (435–455)
Santivarma (455–460)
Mrigeshavarma (460–480)
Shivamandhativarma (480–485)
Ravivarma (485–519)
Harivarma (519–525)
Kadambas of Goa (until 1345)
Kadambas of Hangal (until 1347)

Western Ganga dynasty of Talakad (350–1024)

Konganivarma Madhava (350–370)
Madhava II (370–390)
Harivarman (390–410)
Vishnugopa (410–430)
Tadangala Madhava (430–466)
Avinita (466–495)
Durvinita (495–535)
Mushkara (535–585)
Srivikrama (585–635)
Bhuvikarma (635–679)
Shivamara I (679–725)
Sripurusha (725–788)
Shivamara II (788–816)
Rajamalla I (817–853)
Nitimarga Ereganga (853–869)
Rajamalla II (870–907)
Ereyappa Nitimarga II (907–919)
Narasimhadeva (919–925)
Rajamalla III (925–935)
Butuga II (935–960)
Takkolam in (949)
Maruladeva (960–963)
Marasimha III (963–974)
Rajamalla IV (974–985)
Rakkasa Ganga (985–1024)

Maitrakas of Vallabhi (470–776 )

Bhatarka (c. 470–c. 492)
Dharasena I (c. 493–c. 499)
Dronasinha (also known as Maharaja) (c. 500–c. 520)
Dhruvasena I (c. 520–c. 550)
Dharapatta (c. 550–c. 556)
Guhasena (c. 556–c. 570)
Dharasena II (c. 570–c. 595)
Siladitya I (also known as Dharmaditya) (c. 595–c. 615)
Kharagraha I (c. 615–c. 626)
Dharasena III (c. 626–c. 640)
Dhruvasena II (also known as Baladitya) (c. 640–c. 644)
Chkravarti king Dharasena IV (also known as Param Bhatarka, Maharajadhiraja, Parameshwara) (c. 644–c. 651)
Dhruvasena III (c. 651–c. 656)
Kharagraha II (c. 656–c. 662)
Siladitya II (c. 662–?)
Siladitya III
Siladitya IV
Siladitya V
Siladitya VI
Siladitya VII (c. 766–c. 776)

Chahamana or Chauhan dynasty (500–1315 CE)

The ruling dynasties belonging to the Chauhan clan included:-

Chahamanas of Shakambhari (Chauhans of Ajmer)
Chahamanas of Naddula (Chauhans of Nadol)
Chahamanas of Lata
Chahamanas of Dholpur
Chahamanas of Partabgarh
Chahamanas of Jalor (Chauhans of Jalore); branched off from the Chahamanas of Naddula
Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura (Chauhans of Ranthambore); branched off from the Chahamanas of Shakambhari.

Chahamanas of Shakambhari (500–1194)

Following is a list of Chahamana rulers of Shakambhari and Ajmer, with approximate period of reign, as estimated by R. B. Singh:

Chahamana (c. 2nd century CE)
Vasu-deva (c. 6th century CE)
Samanta-raja (c. 684-709 CE); identified as the legendary Manik Rai by R. B. Singh
Nara-deva (c. 709-721 CE)
Ajaya-raja I (c. 721-734 CE), alias Jayaraja or Ajayapala
Vigraha-raja I (c. 734-759 CE)
Chandra-raja I (c. 759-771 CE)
Gopendra-raja (c. 771-784 CE)
Durlabha-raja I (c. 784-809 CE)
Govinda-raja I (c. 809-836 CE), alias Guvaka I
Chandra-raja II (c. 836-863 CE)
Govindaraja II (c. 863-890 CE), alias Guvaka II
Chandana-raja (c. 890-917 CE)
Vakpati-raja (c. 917-944 CE); his younger son established the Naddula Chahamana branch
Simha-raja (c. 944-971 CE)
Vigraha-raja II (c. 971-998 CE)
Durlabha-raja II (c. 998-1012 CE)
Govinda-raja III (c. 1012-1026 CE)
Vakpati-raja II (c. 1026-1040 CE)
Viryarama (c. 1040 CE)
Chamunda-raja (c. 1040-1065 CE)
Durlabha-raja III (c. 1065-1070 CE), alias Duśala
Vigraha-raja III (c. 1070-1090 CE), alias Visala
Prithvi-raja I (c. 1090-1110 CE)
Ajaya-raja II (c. 1110-1135 CE), moved the capital to Ajayameru (Ajmer)
Arno-raja (c. 1135-1150 CE), alias Ana
Jagad-deva (c. 1150 CE)
Vigraha-raja IV (c. 1150-1164 CE), alias Visaladeva
Apara-gangeya (c. 1164-1165 CE)
Prithvi-raja II (c. 1165-1169 CE)
Someshvara (c. 1169-1178 CE)
Prithvi-raja III (c. 1178-1192 CE), better known as Prithviraj Chauhan
Govinda-raja IV (c. 1192 CE); banished by Hari-raja for accepting Muslim suzerainty; established the Chahamana branch of Ranastambhapura
Hari-raja (c. 1193-1194 CE)

Chahamanas of Naddula (c. 950–1197)

Following is a list of Chahmana rulers of Naddula, with approximate period of reign, as estimated by R. B. Singh:

Lakshmana (c. 950-982), alias Rao Lakha or Lakhana
Shobhita (c. 982-986)
Baliraja (c. 986-990)
Vigrahapala (c. 990-994)
Mahindra (c. 994-1015), alias Mahindu or Mahendra
Ashvapala (c. 1015-1019)
Ahila (c. 1019-1024)
Anahilla (c. 1024-1055)
Balaprasada (c. 1055-1070)
Jendraraja (c. 1070-1080)
Prithvipala (c. 1080-1090)
Jojalladeva (c. 1090-1110)
Asharaja (c. 1110-1119), alias Ashvaraja
Ratnapala (c. 1119-1132)
Rayapala (c. 1132-1145)
Katukaraja (c. 1145-1148)
Alhanadeva (c. 1148-1163)
Kelhanadeva (c. 1163-1193)
Jayatasimha (c. 1193-1197)

Chahamanas of Jalor (1160–1311)

The Chahamana rulers of the Jalor branch, with their estimated periods of reign, are as follows:

Kirti-pala (c. 1160-1182 CE)
Samara-simha (c. 1182-1204 CE)
Udaya-simha (c. 1204-1257 CE)
Chachiga-deva (c. 1257-1282 CE)
Samanta-simha (c. 1282-1305 CE)
Kanhada-deva (c. 1292-1311 CE)
Virama-deva (1311 CE); crowned during the Siege of Jalore, but died 2½ days later.

Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura (1192–1301)

Govinda-raja (1192 CE)
Balhana-deva or Balhan, son of Govinda
Prahlada or Prahlad, son of Balhana
Viranarayana or Vir Narayan, son of Prahlada
Vagabhata, son of Balhana; known as Bahar Deo in bardic chronicles
Jaitra-simha or Jaitra Singh
Hammira-deva or Hammir Dev (1301 CE)

Chalukya dynasty (500–1200)

Ruler	Reign	Capital	Notes
Jayasimha I	500–520	Badami	Founder of the dynasty. He ruled the area around modern Bijapur in the early 6th century.
Ranaraga	520–540	Badami
Pulakeshin I	540–567	Badami	He ruled parts of the present-day Maharashtra and Karnataka states in the western Deccan region of India.
Kirtivarman I	567–592	Badami	He expanded the Chalukya kingdom by defeating the Nalas, the Mauryas of Konkana, the Kadambas, the Alupas, and the Gangas of Talakad.
Mangalesha	592–610	Badami	Brother of Kirtivarman. Expanded the Chalukya power in present-day Gujarat and Maharashtra after defeating the Kalachuri king Buddharaja. He also consolidated his rule in the Konkan coastal region of Maharashtra and Goa after conquering Revati-dvipa from the rebel Chalukya governor Svamiraja. His reign ended when he lost a war of succession to his nephew Pulakeshin II, a son of Kirttivarman I.
Pulakeshin II	610–642	Badami	Son of Kirtivarman I, he overthrew his uncle Mangalesha to gain control of the throne. Suppressed a rebellion by Appayika and Govinda, and decisively defeated the Kadambas of Banavasi in the south. Consolidated the Chalukya control over the western coast by subjugating the Mauryas of Konkana. He was victorious against thepowerful northern emperor Harsha-vardhana. He also achieved some successes against the Pallavas in the south, but was ultimately defeated, and probably killed, during an invasion by the Pallava king Narasimhavarman I.
Kubja Vishnu-Vardhana I	615/24–641	Vengi (Eastern)	Brother of Pulakeshin II. Ruled under him as viceroy in Vengi, and then declared independence in 624.
Jayasimha II	641–673	Vengi (Eastern)
Adityavarman	642–645	Badami	First son of Pulakeshin II. Probably ruled under the Pallavas.
Abhinavaditya	645–646	Badami	Son of the predecessor.
Chandraditya	646–649	Badami	Second son of Pulakeshin II.
Vijaya-Bhattarika (regent)	649-655	Badami	Regent for her minor son. She was deposed by her brother-in-law.
A son of Chandraditya	649-655	Badami
Vikramaditya I	655–680	Badami	He restored order in the fractured kingdom and made the Pallavas retreat from the capital.
Indra Bhattaraka	673	Vengi (Eastern)	Brother of Jayasimha II. Ruled for a week.
Vishnu-Vardhana II	673–682	Vengi (Eastern)
Vinayaditya	680–696	Badami	He carried campaigns against the Pallavas, Kalabhras, Haihayas, Vilas, Cholas, Pandyas, Gangas and many more.
Mangi Yuvaraja	682–706	Vengi (Eastern)
Vijayaditya I	696–733	Badami	His long reign was marked by general peace and prosperity. Vijayaditya also built a number of temples. He fought against the Pallavas and extracted tributes from Parameshwar Varma V.
Jayasimha III	706–718	Vengi (Eastern)
Kokkli	718–719	Vengi (Eastern)
Vishnu-Vardhana III	719–755	Vengi (Eastern)
Vikramaditya II	733–746	Badami	Conducted successful military campaigns against their enemy, the Pallavas of Kanchipuram, in three occasions: the first time as a crown prince, the second time as an emperor and the third time under the leadership of his son and crown prince Kirtivarman II.
Kirtivarman II Rahappa	746- 757	Badami	His reign was continuously troubled by the growing power of the Rashtrakutas and Pandyas. He finallt succumbed to the Rashtrakutas, who ended the power of the family in Badami.
Vijayaditya II	755–772	Vengi (Eastern)
Vishnu-Vardhana IV	755–808	Vengi (Eastern)
Vijayaditya III	808–847	Vengi (Eastern)	His first military victories against the Rashtrakutas made the path for the independence of the dynasty from this occupant.
Kali Vishnu-Vardhana V	847–849	Vengi (Eastern)
Vijayaditya IV	849–892	Vengi (Eastern)	Brothers, ruled together.
Vikramaditya III		Vengi (Eastern)
Yuddhamalla I		Vengi (Eastern)
Bhima I	892–921	Vengi (Eastern)	During his rule, Vengi could claim some independence as capital from the Rashtrakutas.
Vijayaditya V	921	Vengi (Eastern)
Amma I	921–927	Vengi (Eastern)	Probably brothers, ruled jointly.
Vishnu-Vardhana VI	921–927	Vengi (Eastern)	Probably brothers, ruled jointly.
Vijayaditya VI	927	Vengi (Eastern)	Ruled for fifteen days.
Tadapa	927	Vengi (Eastern)	Ruled for a month.
Vikramaditya IV	927–928	Vengi (Eastern)
Bhima II	928–929	Vengi (Eastern)
Yuddhamalla II	929–935	Vengi (Eastern)
Bhima III	935–947	Vengi (Eastern)
Amma II	947–970	Vengi (Eastern)
Danarnava	970–973	Vengi (Eastern)	Deposed by Jata Choda Bhima. Sought for help within the Chola Empire.
Tailapa II Ahvamalla	973–997	Kalyani (Western)	6th great-grandson of Vijayaditya I. Ousted the Rashtrakutas in the West and recovered the power once held by his family.
Jata Choda Bhima	973–999	Vengi (Eastern)
Satyashraya	997–1008	Kalyani (Western)
Shaktivarman I	999–1011	Vengi (Eastern)	First son of Danarnava. Returned from exile and recovered his throne. Now free from the usurper, however Eastern Vengi dynasty lost some of the independence they have gained some generations ago. Begin of the growing Chola influence in Vengi kingdom.
Vikramaditya V	1008–1015	Kalyani (Western)	Nephew of Satyahraya, as son of his brother, Dashavarman.
Vimaladitya	1011–1018	Vengi (Eastern)	Second son of Danarnava. In his exile period with his father and brother, he was married to Kundavai, daughter of Rajaraja I from the Chola Empire.
Jayasimha III	1015–1043	Kalyani (Western)	He had to fight on many fronts, against the Cholas of Tanjore in the south and the Paramara dynasty in the north, to protect his kingdom. His rule however was an important period of development of Kannada literature. He saw his cousins in Vengi fall firmly into the hands of the Cholas who would use their marital relations with the Eastern Chalukyas and their over lordship over Vengi to frustrate and threaten the Western Chalukyas from two fronts, from the east and from the South. But, at the same time, he consolidated more firmly the Western Chalukya power in the Deccan.
Rajaraja Narendra	1018–1061	Vengi (Eastern)	Son of Vimaladitya, had support in the throne from the Cholas, whose influence grew significantly. He supported Cholas against his cousins, the Western Chalukyas. His own son managed to succeed in the Chola Empire, in 1070, as Kulottunga I, beginning the Later Cholas period, in which the Chola Empire was ruled by a branch of the Eastern Chalukyas renamed Chola.
Someshvara I Trilokyamalla	1042–1068	Kalyani (Western)	His several military successes in Central India made him a formidable ruler of a vast empire. During his rule, the Chalukyan empire extended to Gujarat and Central India in the north.
Shaktivarman II	1061–1062	Vengi (Eastern)
Vijayaditya VII	1062–1075	Vengi (Eastern)	Also son of Vimaladitya, but half-brother of Rajaraja Narendra. Ascended to the throne with support from Western Chalukyas.
Someshvara II Bhuvanaikamalla	1068–1076	Kalyani (Western)	First son of Someshvara I, deposed by his younger brother, Vikramaditya.
Rajaraja	1075–1079	Vengi (Eastern)
Vikramaditya VI Tribhuvanamalla	1076–1126	Kalyani (Western)	Second son of Someshvara I. Under his reign, the Western Chalukya Empire reached its zenith. He is noted for his patronage of art and letters. His court was adorned with famous Kannada and Sanskrit poets. Intervened in Chola politics, sitting his brother-in-law, Athirajendra Chola, on the Chola Empire throne.
Vishnu-Vardhana VII	1079–1102	Vengi (Eastern)	Last known Chalukya ruler of Vengi.
Someshvara III	1126–1138	Kalyani (Western)	He was a noted historian, scholar, and poet, and authored the Sanskrit encyclopedic text Manasollasa touching upon such topics as polity, governance, astronomy, astrology, rhetoric, medicine, food, architecture, painting, poetry and music: making his work a valuable modern source of socio-cultural information of the 11th- and 12th-century India.
Jagadhekamalla II	1138–1151	Kalyani (Western)	His rule saw the slow decline of the Chalukya empire with the loss of Vengi entirely, though he was still able to control the Hoysalas in the south and the Seuna and Paramara in the north.
Tailapa III	1151–1164	Kalyani (Western)	Faced many feudatory risings against Chalukya rule.
Jagadhekamalla III	1164–1183	Kalyani (Western)	His rule was completely overshowded by the emergence of the Southern Kalachuris under Bijjala II who took control of Kalyani. He had to escape to the Banavasi region.
Someshvara IV	1183–1200	Kalyani (Western)	Recovered his capital, by defeating the Kalachuris, but failed to prevent his old allies, Seuna, Hoysala and the Kakatiya dynasty, who, after deposing Someshvara by 1200, divided his empire among themselves.

Shahi Kingdom (500–1026 CE)

In Kabul Shahi Kingdom two Dynasties ruled (both were Hindu dynasties) from:

Turk Shahi (500–850 CE)
Hindu Shahi (850–1026 CE)

Turk Shahi dynasty (500–850)

Nandin Rulers of Gilgit (500–552)
Khingala of Kapisa (535–552)
Patoladeva / Navasurendradiyta (552–575)
Srideva / Surendra Vikrmadiyta (575–605)
Patoladeva / Vajraditya (605–645)
Barha Tegin (645–680)
Tegin Sha (680–739)
Fromo Kesar / Gesar (739-755)

Hindu Shahi dynasty (850–1026)

Samantadeva Kallar / Lalliya (850–895)
Kamalavarmadeva / Kamaluka (895–921)
Bhimadeva (921–964)
Ishtthapala (ruled 8 months)
Jayapala (964–1001)
Anandapala (1001–1010)
Trilochanapala (1010–22) assassinated by mutinous troops)
Bhimapala (died in 1022–1026)

Rai dynasty (c. 524–632)

Rai Diwa ji (Devaditya)
Rai Sahiras (Shri Harsha)
Rai Sahasi (Sinhasena)
Rai Sahiras II, died battling the King of Nimroz
Rai Sahasi II, the last of the line

Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty (550–1036)

Mandor Branch (550–880)

Harishchandra Pratihara, (550–575)
Rajjila Pratihara, (575–600)
Nerabhatta Pratihara, (600–625)
Naggabhatta Pratihara, (625–650)
Tate Pratihara, (650–675)
Yashovardhan, (675–700)
Chanduka, (700–725)
Shiluka, (725–750)
Jhotta, (750–775)
Bhilladhai, (775–800)
Kake Pratihara, (800–825)
Baauka, (825–850)
Kakkuka, (850–880)

Bhinmala Branch (725–1036)

Nagabhata I (725–756)
Kakustha (756–765)
Devaraja (765–778)
Vatsaraja (778–805)
Nagabhata II (800–833)
Ramabhadra (833–836)
Mihira Bhoja (836–890)
Mahendrapala I (890–910)
Bhoja II (910–913)
Mahipala I (913–944)
Mahendrapala II (944–948)
Devpala (948–954)
Vinaykpala (954–955)
Mahipala II (955–956)
Vijaypala II (956–960)
Rajapala (960–1018)
Trilochanpala (1018–1027)
Jasapala (Yashpala) (1024–1036)

Baddoch Branch (600–700)

Dhaddha 1 (600–627)
Dhaddha 2 (627–655)
Jaibhatta (655–700)

Rajogarh Branch

NOTE: Badegujar were rulers of Rajogarh

Parmeshver Manthandev, (885–915)
No records found after Parmeshver Manthandev

Mewar Dynasty (550–1950)

Guhila dynasty (550–1303)

Bappaka (550–566)
Guhaditya / Guhlia (566–580)
Bhoja (580–602)
Mahendra (I) (602–616)
Nāga (616–646)
Śiladitya (646–661 )
Aparājita (661–697 )
Mahendra (II) (697–728)
Bappa Rawal / Kālabhoja (728–753)
Khommāṇa (I) (753–773)
Mattaṭa (773–790)
Bhartṛipaṭṭa (I) (790–813)
Rawalsiṃha (813–820)
Khommāṇa (II) (820–853)
Mahāyaka (853–885)
Khommāṇa (III) (885–942)
Bhartṛipaṭṭa (II) (942–943 CE)
Allaṭa (951–953 )
Naravāhana (953–971 )
Śalivāhana (971–977 )
Śaktikumāra (977–795 )
Āmraprasāda (795–810)
Śuchivarman (810–835)
Naravarman (835–850)
Kīrtivarman (850–876)
Yogarāja (876–898)
Vairaṭa (898–915)
Vaṃśapāla (915–941)
Vairisiṃha (941–955)
Vijayasiṃha (955–993)
Vairisiṃha (II) (993–1038)
Arisiṃha (1038–1072)
Choḍa (1072–1117)
Vikramasiṃha (1117–1158)
Raṇasiṃha (1158–1165 )

Branching of Guhil Dynasty

Ranasingh (1158 CE) During his reign, the Guhil dynasty got divided into two branches.

First (Rawal Branch)—Kṣemasiṃha, son of Raṇasiṃha, ruled over Mewar by building Rawal Branch.

Second (Rana Branch)—Rahapa, the second son of Raṇasiṃha started the Rana Branch by establishing Sisoda bases. Due to his stay in Rana Sisoda hideout, he was later called Sisodia.

Post-split Rawal branch

Kṣemasiṃha (1165–1172)
Sāmantasiṃha (1172–1179)
Kumārasiṃha (1179–1185)
Mathanasiṃha (1185–1201)
Padmasiṃha (1201–1213)
Jaitrasiṃha (1213–1261)
Tejasiṃha (1261–1273)
Samarasiṃha (1273–1301)
Ratnasiṃha (1301–1303).

Rana branch (1162–1326)

Rahapa, a son of Ranasimha alias Karna, established the Rana branch. According to the 1652 Eklingji inscription, Rahapa’s successors were:

Rahapa/Karna (1162)
Narapati (1185)
Dinakara (1200)
Jasakarna (1218)
Nagapala (1238)
Karnapala (1266)
Bhuvanasimha (1280)
Bhimasimha (1297)
Jayasimha (1312)
Lakhanasimha (1318)
Arisimha (Arasi) (1322)
Hammira (Hammir Singh)

(1326)

Sisodia Dynasty (1326-1950)

Hammir Singh (1326–1364)
Kshetra Singh (1364–1382)
Lakha Singh (1382–1421)
Mokal Singh (1421–1433)
Rana Kumbha (1433–1468)
Udai Singh I (1468–1473)
Rana Raimal (1473–1508)
Rana Sanga (1508–1527), under his rule Mewar reached its pinnacle in power and prosperity.
Ratan Singh II (1528–1531)
Vikramaditya Singh (1531–1536)
Vanvir Singh (1536–1540)
Udai Singh II (1540–1572)
Maharana Pratap (1572–1597), 13th king of Mewar, notable for his military resistance against the Mughal Empire
Amar Singh I (1597–1620)
Karan Singh II (1620–1628)
Jagat Singh I (1628–1652)
Raj Singh I (1652–1680)
Jai Singh (1680–1698)
Amar Singh II (1698–1710)
Sangram Singh II (1710–1734)
Jagat Singh II (1734–1751)
Pratap Singh II (1751–1754)
Raj Singh II (1754–1762)
Ari Singh II (1762–1772)
Hamir Singh II (1772–1778)
Bhim Singh (1778–1828)
Jawan Singh (1828–1838)
Shambhu Singh (1861–1874)
Sajjan Singh (1874–1884)
Fateh Singh (1884–1930)
Bhupal Singh (1930–1947)

Gauda Kingdom (590–626)

Shashanka (590–625), first recorded independent king of Bengal, created the first unified political entity in Bengal
Manava (625–626), ruled for 8 months before being conquered by Harshavardana and Bhaskarvarmana

Pushyabhuti dynasty (606–647)

Harshavardhana (606–647), unified Northern India and ruled it for over 40 years, he was the last non-Muslim emperor to rule a unified Northern India

Karkota Empire of Kashmir (625–955)

Durlabhavardhana

(625-661)

Durlabhaka or Pratipaditya

(661-711)

Chandrapeeda or Varnaditya

(711-719)

Tarapida or Udayaditya

(719-724)

Lalitaditya Muktapida

(724-760) This Lalitaditya built the famous Martand Sun Temple in Kashmir.

Kuvalayaditya

(760-761)

Vajraditya or Bapyayika or Lalitapida

(761-768)

Prithivyapida

(768-772)

Sangramapida

(772-779)

Jayapida (Pandit and poet)

(779-813)

Lalitapida

(813-825)

Sangramapida II

(825-832)

Chipyata-Jayapida

(832-884)

Ajitapida

(884-940)

Anangapida

(940-943)

Utpalapida

(943-948)

Sukhavarma

(948-955) .

Rashtrakutas of Manyaketha (736–980)

Dantidurga (735–756)
Krishna I (756–774)
Govinda II (774–780)
Dhruva Dharavarsha (780–793)
Govinda III (793–814)
Amoghavarsha I (814–878)
Krishna II Akalavarsha (878–914)
Indra III (914–929)
Amoghavarsha II (929–932)
Govinda IV (930–935)
Amoghavarsha III (934–939)
Krishna III (939–967)
Khottiga Amoghavarsha (967–972)
Karka II Amoghhavarsha IV (972–973)
Indra IV (973–982), only a claimer for the lost throne

Tomar dynasty of Delhi (736–1151)

Various historical texts provide different lists of the Tomara kings:

Khadag Rai’s history of Gwalior (Gopācala ākhyāna) names 18 Tomara kings, plus Prithvi Pala (who is probably the Chahamana king Prithviraja III). According to Khadag Rai, Delhi was originally ruled by the legendary king Vikramaditya. It was deserted for 792 years after his death, until Bilan Dev of Tomara dynasty re-established the city (in 736 CE).
The Kumaon-Garhwal manuscript names only 15 rulers of “Toar” dynasty, and dates the beginning of their rule to 789 CE (846 Vikram Samvat).
Abul Fazl’s Ain-i-Akbari (Bikaner manuscript, edited by Syed Ahmad Khan) names 19 Tomara kings. It places the first Tomara king in 372 CE (429 Vikram Samvat). It might be possible that the era mentioned in the original source used by Abul Fazl was Gupta era, which starts from 318-319 CE; Abul Fazl might have mistaken this era to be Vikrama Samvat. If this is true, then the first Tomara king can be dated to 747 CE (429+318), which is better aligned with the other sources.

As stated earlier, the historians doubt the claim that the Tomaras established Delhi in 736 CE.

List of Tomara rulers according to various sources
#	Abul Fazl’s Ain-i-Akbari / Bikaner manuscript	Gwalior manuscript of Khadag Rai	Kumaon-Garhwal manuscript	Ascension year in CE (according to Gwalior manuscript)	Length of reign
#	Abul Fazl’s Ain-i-Akbari / Bikaner manuscript	Gwalior manuscript of Khadag Rai	Kumaon-Garhwal manuscript	Ascension year in CE (according to Gwalior manuscript)	Years	Months	Days
1	Ananga Pāla	Bilan Dev		736	18	0	0
2	Vasu Deva			754	19	1	18
3	Gangya	Ganggeva		773	21	3	28
4	Prithivi Pāla (or Prithivi Malla)	Prathama	Mahi Pāla	794	19	6	19
5	Jaya Deva	Saha Deva	Jadu Pāla	814	20	7	28
6	Nīra Pāla or Hira Pāla	Indrajita (I)	Nai Pāla	834	14	4	9
7	Udiraj (or Adereh)	Nara Pāla	Jaya Deva Pāla	849	26	7	11
8	Vijaya (or Vacha)	Indrajita (II)	Chamra Pāla	875	21	2	13
9	Biksha (or Anek)	Vacha Raja	Bibasa Pāla	897	22	3	16
10	Rīksha Pāla	Vira Pāla	Sukla Pāla	919	21	6	5
11	Sukh Pāla (or Nek Pāla)	Go-Pāla	Teja Pāla	940	20	4	4
12	Go-Pāla	Tillan Dev	Mahi Pāla	961	18	3	15
13	Sallakshana Pāla	Suvari	Sursen	979	25	10	10
14	Jaya Pāla	Osa Pāla	Jaik Pāla	1005	16	4	3
15	Kunwar Pāla	Kumara Pāla		1021	29	9	18
16	Ananga Pāla (or Anek Pāla)	Ananga Pāla	Anek Pāla	1051	29	6	18
17	Vijaya Pāla (or Vijaya Sah)	Teja Pāla	Teja Pāla	1081	24	1	6
18	Mahi Pāla (or Mahatsal)	Mahi Pāla	Jyūn Pāla	1105	25	2	23
19	Akr Pāla (or Akhsal)	Mukund Pāla	Ane Pāla	1130	21	2	15
	Prithivi Raja (Chahamana)	Prithvi Pala		1151

Pala Empire (c. 750–1174)

Most of the Pala inscriptions mention only the regnal year as the date of issue, without any well-known calendar era. Because of this, the chronology of the Pala kings is hard to determine. Based on their different interpretations of the various epigraphs and historical records, different historians estimate the Pala chronology as follows:

	RC Majumdar (1971)	AM Chowdhury (1967)	BP Sinha (1977)	DC Sircar (1975–76)	D. K. Ganguly (1994)
Gopala I	750–770	756–781	755–783	750–775	750–774
Dharmapala	770–810	781–821	783–820	775–812	774–806
Devapala	810–c. 850	821–861	820–860	812–850	806–845
Mahendrapala	NA (Mahendrapala’s existence was conclusively established through a copper-plate charter discovered later.)				845–860
Shurapala I	850–853	861–866	860–865	850–858	860–872
Vigrahapala I	850–853	861–866	860–865	858–60	872–873
Narayanapala	854–908	866–920	865–920	860–917	873–927
Rajyapala	908–940	920–952	920–952	917–952	927–959
Gopala II	940–957	952–969	952–967	952–972	959–976
Vigrahapala II	960–c. 986	969–995	967–980	972–977	976–977
Mahipala I	988–c. 1036	995–1043	980–1035	977–1027	977–1027
Nayapala	1038–1053	1043–1058	1035–1050	1027–1043	1027–1043
Vigrahapala III	1054–1072	1058–1075	1050–1076	1043–1070	1043–1070
Mahipala II	1072–1075	1075–1080	1076–1078/9	1070–1071	1070–1071
Shurapala	1075–1077	1080–1082	1076–1078/9	1071–1072	1071–1072
Ramapala	1077–1130	1082–1124	1078/9–1132	1072–1126	1072–1126
Kumarapala	1130–1125	1124–1129	1132–1136	1126–1128	1126–1128
Gopala III	1140–1144	1129–1143	1136–1144	1128–1143	1128–1143
Madanapala	1144–1162	1143–1162	1144–1161/62	1143–1161	1143–1161
Govindapala	1155–1159	NA	1162–1176 or 1158–1162	1161–1165	1161–1165
Palapala	NA	NA	NA	1165–1199	1165–1200

Note:

Earlier historians believed that Vigrahapala I and Shurapala I were the two names of the same person. Now, it is known that these two were cousins; they either ruled simultaneously (perhaps over different territories) or in rapid succession.
AM Chowdhury rejects Govindapala and his successor Palapala as the members of the imperial Pala dynasty.
According to BP Sinha, the Gaya inscription can be read as either the “14th year of Govindapala’s reign” or “14th year after Govindapala’s reign”. Thus, two sets of dates are possible.

Seuna Yadava dynasty of Devagiri (850–1334)

Dridhaprahara
Seunachandra (850–874)
Dhadiyappa (874–900)
Bhillama I (900–925)
Vadugi (Vaddiga) (950–974)
Dhadiyappa II (974–975)
Bhillama II (975–1005)
Vesugi I (1005–1020)
Bhillama III (1020–1055)
Vesugi II (1055–1068)
Bhillama III (1068)
Seunachandra II (1068–1085)
Airamadeva (1085–1115)
Singhana I (1115–1145)
Mallugi I (1145–1150)
Amaragangeyya (1150–1160)
Govindaraja (1160)
Amara Mallugi II (1160–1165)
Kaliya Ballala (1165–1173)
Bhillama V (1173–1192), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukya
Jaitugi I (1192–1200)
Singhana II (1200–1247)
Kannara (1247–1261)
Mahadeva (1261–1271)
Amana (1271)
Ramachandra (1271–1312)
Singhana III (1312–1313)
Harapaladeva (1313–1318)
Mallugi III (1318–1334)

Paramara dynasty of Malwa (c. 9th century to 1305)

According to historial Kailash Chand Jain, “Knowledge of the early Paramara rulers from Upendra to Vairisimha is scanty; there are no records, and they are known only from later sources.” The Paramara rulers mentioned in the various inscriptions and literary sources include:

Upendra, last quarter of 8th century, first quarter of 9th century, or first quarter of 10th century (sources vary)
Vairisimha (I)
Siyaka (I)
Vakpati (I)
Vairisimha (II), 10th century
Siyaka (II), late 940s–972
Vakpati (II) alias Munja, 972–990s
Sindhuraja, 990s–1000 or 1010 (sources vary)
Bhoja, c. 1000–1055
Jayasimha I, 1055–1070
Udayaditya, 1070–1086
Lakshmadeva, c. 1086–1094
Naravarman, 1094–1130
Yashovarman, 1133–1142
Jayavarman I, 1142–1143
Interregnum under an usurper named Ballala and later the Solanki king Kumarapala
Vindhyavarman, 1175–1194
Subhatavarman, 1194–1209
Arjunavarman I, 1210–1215
Devapala, 1218–1239
Jaitugideva, 1239–1255
Jayavarman II, 1255–1274
Arjunavarman II, 13th century
Bhoja II, 13th century
Mahalakadeva, died 1305

Chandra dynasty (900-1050)

Traillokyachandra (900–930)
Srichandra (930–975)
Kalyanachandra (975–1000)
Ladahachandra (1000–1020)
Govindachandra

Paramaras of Chandravati (c. 910-1220)

Utpala-raja Utpalarāja c. 910-930
Arnno-raja, or Aranya-raja c. 930-950
Krishna-raja Kṛṣṇarāja c. 950-979
Dhara-varaha or Dharani-varaha c.970-990
Dhurbhata Dhūrbhaṭa c. 990-1000
Mahi-pala Mahīpāla c. 1000-1020 son of Dharavaraha
Dhandhuka Dhaṃdhuka c. 1020-1040
Punya-pala or Purna-pala c. 1040-1050
Danti-varmman Daṃtivarmman c. 1050-1060 son of Dhandhuka
Krishna-deva, or Krishna-raja II c. 1060-1090 son of Dhandhuka
Kakkala-deva, or Kakala-deva c. 1090-1115
Vikrama-simha Vikramāsiṃha c. 1115-1145
Yasho-dhavala Yaśodhavala c. 1145-1160 great-grandson of Dantivarman through Yogaraja and Ramadeva
Rana-simha Raṇāsiṃha ? son of Vikramasimha; possibly a regent for Dharavarsha
Dhara-varsha Dhāravarṣa c. 1160-1220 son of Yashodhavala

Solanki dynasty or Chalukyas of Gujarat (c. 940-1244)

The Chalukya rulers of Gujarat, with approximate dates of reign, are as follows:

Mularaja (c. 940–c. 995)
Chamundaraja (c. 996–c. 1008)
Vallabharaja (c. 1008)
Durlabharaja (c. 1008–c. 1022)
Bhima I (c. 1022–c. 1064)
Karna (c. 1064–c. 1092)
Jayasimha Siddharaja (c. 1092–c. 1142)
Kumarapala (c. 1142–c. 1171)
Ajayapala (c. 1171–c. 1175)
Mularaja II (c. 1175–c. 1178)
Bhima II (c. 1178–c. 1240)
Tribhuvanapala (c. 1240–c. 1244)

Kachchhapaghata dynasty (950–1150)

Simhapaniya (Sihoniya) and Gopadri (Gwalior) branch

Lakshmana (r. c. 950–975)
Vajradaman (r. c. 975–1000)
Mangalaraja (r. c. 1000–1015)
Kirtiraja (r. c. 1015–1035)
Muladeva (r. c. 1035–1055)
Devapala (r. c. 1055–1085)
Padmapala (r. c. 1085–1090)
Mahipala (r. c. 1090–1105)
Ratnapala (r. c. 1105–1130)
Ajayapala (r. c. 1192–1194)
Sulakshanapala (r. c. 1196)

Dubkund (Dobha) branch

Yuvaraja (r. c. 1000)
Arjuna (r. c. 1015–1035)
Abhimanyu (r. c. 1035–1045)
Vijayapala (r. c. 1045–1070)
Vikramasimha (r. c. 1070–1100)

Nalapura (Narwar) branch

Gaganasimha (r. c. 1075–1090)
Sharadasimha (r. c. 1090–1105)
Virasimha (r. c. 1105–1125)
Tejaskarana (r. c. 1125–1150)

Kachwahas Dynasty (967 CE–1949 CE)

Kachwahas King Sorha Dev and Dulha Rao defeated Meena of Dhundhar Kingdom & established Kachwaha Dynasty, which ruled for more than 1000 years & still ruling in Jaipur district of Rajasthan.

Rulers

27 Dec 966 – 15 Dec 1006 ‘Sorha Dev’ (d. 1006)
15 Dec 1006 – 28 Nov 1036 ‘Dulha Rao’ (d. 1036)
28 Nov 1036 – 20 Apr 1039 ‘Kakil’ (d. 1039)
21 Apr 1039 – 28 Oct 1053 ‘Hanu’ (d. 1053)
28 Oct 1053 – 21 Mar 1070 ‘Janddeo’ (d. 1070)
22 Mar 1070 – 20 May 1094 ‘Pajjun Rai’ (d. 1094)
20 May 1094 – 15 Feb 1146 ‘Malayasi’ (d. 1146)
15 Feb 1146 – 25 Jul 1179 ‘Vijaldeo’ (d. 1179)
25 Jul 1179 – 16 Dec 1216 ‘Rajdeo’ (d. 1216)
16 Dec 1216 – 18 Oct 1276 ‘Kilhan’ (d. 1276)
18 Oct 1276 – 23 Jan 1317 ‘Kuntal’ (d. 1317)
23 Jan 1317 – 6 Nov 1366 ‘Jonsi’ (d. 1366)
6 Nov 1366 – 11 Feb 1388 ‘Udaikarn’ (d. 1388)
11 Feb 1388 – 16 Aug 1428 ‘Narsingh’ (d. 1428)
16 Aug 1428 – 20 Sep 1439 ‘Banbir’ (d. 1439)
20 Sep 1439 – 10 Dec 1467 ‘Udharn’ (d. 1467)
10 Dec 1467 – 17 Jan 1503 ‘Chandrasen’ (d. 1503)
17 Jan 1503 – 4 Nov 1527 ‘Prithviraj Singh I’ (d. 1527)
4 Nov 1527 – 19 Jan 1534 ‘Puranmal’ (d. 1534)
19 Jan 1534 – 22 Jul 1537 ‘Bhim Singh’ (d. 1537)
22 Jul 1537 – 15 May 1548 ‘Ratan Singh’ (d. 1548)
15 May 1548 – 1 June 1548 ‘Askaran’ (d. 1599)
1 June 1548 – 27 Jan 1574 ‘Bharmal’ (d. 1574)
27 Jan 1574 – 4 Dec 1589 ‘Bhagwant Das’ (b. 1527 – d. 1589)
4 Dec 1589 – 6 Jul 1614 ‘Man Singh’ (b. 1550 – d. 1614)
6 Jul 1614 – 13 Dec 1621 ‘Bhau Singh’ (d. 1621)
13 Dec 1621 – 28 Aug 1667 ‘Jai Singh I‘ (b. 1611 – d. 1667)
10 Sep 1667 – 30 Apr 1688: ‘Ram Singh I’ (b. 1640 – d. 1688)
30 Apr 1688 – 19 Dec 1699: ‘Bishan Singh’ (b. 1672 – d. 1699)
19 Dec 1699 – 21 Sep 1743: ‘Jai Singh II’ (b. 1688 – d. 1743)
1743 – 12 Dec 1750: ‘Ishwari Singh’ (b. 1721 – d. 1750)
1750 – 5 Mar 1768: ‘Madho Singh I’ (b. 1728 – d. 1768)
1768 – 13 Apr 1778: ‘Prithvi Singh II’ (b. c. 1762 – d. 1778)
1778 – 1803: ‘Pratap Singh’ (b. 1764 – d. 1803)
1803 – 21 Nov 1818: ‘Jagat Singh II’ (b. … – d. 1818)
22 Dec 1818 – 25 Apr 1819: ‘Mohan Singh’ (regent) (b. 1809 – d. …)
25 Apr 1819 – 6 Feb 1835: ‘Jai Singh III’ (b. 1819 – d. 1835)
Feb 1835 – 18 Sep 1880: ‘Ram Singh II’ (b. 1835 – d. 1880)
18 Sep 1880 – 7 Sep 1922: ‘Madho Singh II’ (b. 1861 – d. 1922)
7 Sep 1922 – 15 Aug 1947 (subsidiary): ‘Sawai Man Singh II’ (b. 1912 – d. 1970)
15 Aug 1947 – 7 Apr 1949 (independent): ‘Sawai Man Singh II’ (b. 1912 – d. 1970)

Titular rulers

7 Apr 1949 – 24 Jun 1970: ‘Sawai Man Singh II’
24 Jun 1970 – 28 Dec 1971: ‘Sawai Bhawani Singh’ (b. 1931 – d. 2011)

Ceremonial rulers

28 Dec 1971 – 17 Apr 2011: ‘Sawai Bhawani Singh’ (b. 1931 – d. 2011)
17 Apr 2011 – present: ‘Padmanabh Singh’ (b. 1998)

Hoysala dynasty (1000–1346)

Nripa Kama (1000–1045)
Vinayaditya I (1045–1098)
Ereyanga (1098–1100)
Ballala (1100–1108)
Vishnuvardhana (1108–1142)
Narasimha I (1142–1173), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukya
Ballala II (1173–1220)
Narasimha II (1220–1235)
Vira Someshwara (1235–1253)
Narasimha III and Ramanatha (1253–1295)
Ballala III (1295–1342)

Sena dynasty (1070–1230)

Hemanta Sen (1070–1096)
Vijay Sen (1096–1159)
Ballal Sen (1159–1179)
Lakshman Sen (1179–1206)
Vishwarup Sen (1206–1225)
Keshab Sen (1225–1230)

Eastern Ganga dynasty (1078–1434)

Anantavarman Chodaganga (1078–1147)
Ananga Bhima Deva II (1170–1198)
Anangabhima Deva III (1211–1238)
Narasimha Deva I (1238–1264)
Bhanu Deva I (1264–1279)
Narasimha Deva II (1279–1306)
Bhanu Deva II (1306–1328)
Narasimha Deva III (1328–1352)
Bhanu Deva III (1352–1378)
Narasimha Deva IV (1378–1414)
Bhanu Deva IV (1414–1434)

Kakatiya dynasty (1083–1323)

Beta I (1000–1030)
Prola I (1030–1075)
Beta II (1075–1110)
Prola II (1110–1158)
Prataparudra I/Rudradeva I (1158–1195)
Mahadeva (1195–1198). Brother of King Rudradeva
Ganapathi deva (1199–1261)
Rudrama Devi (1262–1296)
Prataparudra II/ Rudradeva II (1296–1323). Grandson of Queen Rudrama

Gahadavala dynasty (1089–1197)

Chandradeva (c. 1089-1103 CE)
Madanapala (c. 1104-1113 CE)
Govindachandra (c. 1114-1155 CE
Vijayachandra (c. 1155-1169 CE), alias Vijayapala or Malladeva
Jayachandra (c. 1170-1194 CE), called Jaichand in vernacular legends
Harishchandra (c. 1194-1197 CE)

Kalachuris of Kalyani (1130–1184)

Bijjala II (1130–1167), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukyas in 1162
Sovideva (1168–1176)
Mallugi → overthrown by his brother Sankama
Sankama (1176–1180)
Ahavamalla (1180–83)
Singhana (1183–84)

Chero dynasty (1174–1813)

Ghughulia
Raja Ramchandar Rai
Raja Sita Ram Rai
Raja Salabahim
Raja Phulchand
Raja Maharata Rai
Raja Kumkum Chand Rai
Raja Sambhal Rai
Raja Bhagwant Rai (1585-1605)
Raja Anant Rai (1605-1612)
Raja Shambhal Rai (1612-1627)
Raja Bhupal Rai (1637-1657)
Maharaja Medini Rai (1658 – 1674)
Raja Pratap Rai
Raja Rudra Rai (1674-1680)
Raja Dikpal Rai (1680-1697)
Raja Saheb Rai (1697-1716)
Raja Ranjit Rai (1716-1722)
Raja Devi Batesh Rai
Raja Jai Kishan Rai (1722-1770)
Raja Chitrajeet Rai (1771-1771)
Raja Gopal Rai (1771-1776)
Raja Gajraj Rai (1777-1780)
Raja Basant Rai (1780-1783)
Raja Churaman Rai (1783-1813)

Chutia Kingdom of Assam (1187–1524)

Birpal (1187–1224)
Ratnadhwajpal (1224–1250)
Vijayadhwajpal (1250–1278)
Vikramadhwajpal (1278–1302)
Gauradhwajpal (1302–1322)
Sankhadhwajpal (1322–1343)
Mayuradhwajpal (1343–1361)
Jayadhwajpal (1361–1383)
Karmadhwajpal (1383–1401)
Satyanarayan (1401–1421)
Laksminarayan (1421–1439)
Dharmanarayan (1439–1458)
Pratyashnarayan (1458–1480)
Purnadhabnarayan (1480–1502)
Dharmadhajpal (1502–1522)
Nitypal (1522–1524)

Bana dynasty ruled over Magadaimandalam (c. 1190–1260)

Kadava dynasty (c. 1216–1279)

Kopperunchinga I (c. 1216–1242)
Kopperunchinga II (c. 1243–1279)

Vaghela dynasty (c. 1244–1304)

The sovereign Vaghela rulers include:

Visala-deva (r. c. 1244–c. 1262)
Arjuna-deva (r. c. 1262–c. 1275), son of Pratapamalla
Rama (r. c. 1275), son of Arjunadeva
Saranga-deva (r. c. 1275–c. 1296), son of Arjunadeva
Karna-deva (r. c. 1296–c. 1304), son of Rama; also called Karna II to distinguish him from Karna Chaulukya

Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526)

Mamluk dynasty of Delhi (1206–1290)

Qutb-ud-din Aibak (1206–1210)
Aram Shah (1210–1211)
Shams-ud-din Iltutmish (1211–1236)
Rukn-ud-din Firuz (1236)
Raziyyat ud din Sultana (1236–1240)
Muiz-ud-din Bahram (1240–1242)
Ala-ud-din Masud (1242–1246)
Nasir-ud-din Mahmud (1246–1266)
Ghiyas-ud-din Balban (1266–1286)
Muiz-ud-din Qaiqabad (1286–1290)
Shamsudin Kayumars(1290)

Khilji dynasty (1290–1320)

Jalal ud din Firuz Khilji (1290–1296)
Alauddin Khilji (1296–1316)
Shihabuddin Omar Khan Khilji (1316)
Qutb ud din Mubarak Shah Khilji (1316–1320)
Khusro Khan khilji (1320)

Tughlaq dynasty (1321–1414)

Ghiyasu-Din Tughluq I (1321–1325)
Muhammad Shah Tughuluq I (1325–1351)
Firuz Shah Tughluq (1351–1388)
Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughluq II (1388–1389)
Abu Bakr Shah (1389–1390)
Muhammad Shah Tughluq III (1390–1394)
Ala ud-din Sikandar Shah Tughluq (1394)
Muhammad Shah Tughuluq IV (1394–1413)

After the invasion of Timur in 1398, the governor of Multan, Khizr Khan abolished the Tughluq dynasty in 1414.

Jaunpur Sultanate (1394–1479)

Malik Sarwar 1394–1399 C.E.
Mubarak Shah Malik Qaranfal 1399–1402
Shams-ud-Din Ibrahim Shah Ibrahim Khan 1402–1440
Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Mahmud Khan 1440–1457
Muhammad Shah Bhi Khan 1457–1458
Hussain Shah Hussain Khan 1458–1479

Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451)

Khizr Khan (1414–1421)
Mubarak Shah (1421–1434)
Muhammad Shah (1434–1445)
Alam Shah (1445–1451)

Lodi dynasty (1451–1526)

Bahlol Khan Lodi (1451–1489)
Sikandar Lodi (1489–1517)
Ibrahim Lodi (1517–1526), defeated by Babur (who replaced the Delhi Sultanate with the Mughal Empire)

Bahmani Sultanate (1347–1527)

Ala-ud-Din Bahman Mohamed bin Laden Shah (1347–1358)
Muhammad Shah I (1358–1375)
Ala ud din Mujahid Shah (1375–1378)
Daud Shah I (1378)
Muhammad Shah II (1378–1397)
Ghiyas ud din Tahmatan Shah (1397)
Shams ud din Daud Shah II (1397)
Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah (1397–1422)
Ahmad Shah I Wali (1422–1435), established his capital at Bidar
Ala ud din Ahmad Shah II (1436–1458)
Ala ud din Humayun Shah (1458–1461)
Nizam-Ud-Din Ahmad III (1461–1463)
Muhammad Shah III Lashkari (1463–1482)
Mahmood Shah Bahmani II(1482–1518)
Ahmad Shah IV (1518–1521)
Ala ud din Shah (1521–1522)
Waliullah Shah (1522–1524)
Kalimullah Shah (1524–1527)

Malwa Sultanate (1392–1562)

Ghoris (1390–1436)

Dilavar Khan Husain (1390–1405)
Alp Khan Hushang (1405–1435)
Ghazni Khan Muhammad (1435–1436)
Mas’ud Khan (1436)

Khaljis (1436–1535)

Mahmud Shah I (1436–1469)
Ghiyath Shah (1469–1500)
Nasr Shah (1500–1511)
Mahmud Shah II (1511–1530)

Under Gujarat (1530–1534)

Amit parsagandites (1534–1535)

Tomara dynasty of Gwalior (1375–1523)

The Tomara rulers of Gwalior include the following.

Name in dynasty’s inscriptions (IAST)	Reign	Names in Muslim chronicles and vernacular literature
Vīrasiṃha-deva	c. 1375-1400 (c. 1394-1400 in Gwalior)	Virsingh Dev, Bir Singh Tomar, Bar Singh (in Yahya’s writings), Har Singh (in Badauni’s writings), Nar Singh (in Firishta’s and Nizamuddin’s writings).
Uddharaṇa-deva	c. 1400-1402	Uddharan Dev, Usaran or Adharan (in Khadagrai’s writings)
Virāma-deva	c. 1402-1423	Viram Dev, Biram Deo (in Yahya’s writings), Baram Deo (in Firishta’s writings)
Gaṇapati-deva	1423-1425	Ganpati Dev
Dungarendra-deva alias Dungara-siṃha	1425-1459	Dungar Singh, Dungar Sen
Kirtisiṃha-deva	1459-1480	Kirti Singh Tomar
Kalyāṇamalla	1480-1486	Kalyanmal, Kalyan Singh
Māna-siṃha	1486-1516	Mana Sahi, Man Singh
Vikramāditya	1516-1523	Vikram Sahi, Vikramjit

Barid Shahi dynasty (1489–1619)

Qasim Barid I 1489–1504
Amir Barid I 1504–1542
Ali Barid Shah I 1542–1580
Ibrahim Barid Shah 1580–1587
Qasim Barid Shah II 1587–1591
Ali Barid Shah II 1591
Amir Barid Shah II 1591–1601
Mirza Ali Barid Shah III 1601–1609
Amir Barid Shah III 1609–1619

Imad Shahi dynasty (1490–1572)

Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk (1490–1504)
Aladdin Imad Shah (1504–1530)
Darya Imad Shah (1530–1562)
Burhan Imad Shah (1562–1574)
Tufal Khan 1574

Adil Shahi dynasty (1490–1686)

Yusuf Adil Shah (1490–1511)
Ismail Adil Shah (1511–1534)
Mallu Adil Shah (1534)
Ibrahim Adil Shah I (1534–1558)
Ali Adil Shah I (1558–1579)
Ibrahim Adil Shah II (1580–1627)
[[Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan of Bijapur (1627–1657)
Ali Adil Shah II (1657–1672)
Sikandar Adil Shah (1672–1686)

Nizam Shahi dynasty (1490–1636)

Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah I 1490–1510
Burhan Nizam Shah I 1510–1553
Hussain Nizam Shah I 1553–1565
Murtaza Nizam Shah I 1565–1588
Hussain Nizam Shah II 1588–1589
Ismail Nizam Shah 1589–1591
Burhan Nizam Shah II 1591–1595
Ibrahim Nizam Shah 1595–1596
Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah II 1596
Bahadur Nizam Shah 1596–1600
Murtaza Nizam Shah II 1600–1610
Burhan Nizam Shah III 1610–1631
Hussain Nizam Shah III 1631–1633
Murtaza Nizam Shah III 1633–1636

Qadirid (1535–1555)

Qadir Shah (1535–1542)
Under the Mughal Empire (1542–1555)

Qutb Shahi dynasty (1518–1687)

Sultan Quli Qutbl Mulk (1518–1543)
Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah (1543–1550)
Subhan Quli Qutb Shah (1550)
Ibrahim Quli Qutub Shah (1550–1580)
Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah (1580–1612)
Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah (1612–1626)
Abdullah Qutb Shah (1626–1672)
Abul Hasan Qutb Shah (1672–1687)

Ahom dynasty of Assam (1228–1826)

Sukaphaa (1228–1268)
Suteuphaa (1268–1281)
Subinphaa (1281–1293)
Sukhaangphaa (1293–1332)
Sukhrampha (1332–1364)
Interregnum (1364–1369)
Sutuphaa (1369–1376)
Interregnum (1376–1380)
Tyao Khamti (1380–1389)
Interregnum (1389–1397)
Sudangphaa (1397–1407)
Sujangphaa (1407–1422)
Suphakphaa (1422–1439)
Susenphaa (1439–1488)
Suhenphaa (1488–1493)
Supimphaa (1493–1497)
Swarganarayan (1497–1539)
Suklenmung (1539–1552)
Sukhaamphaa (1552–1603)
Pratap Singha (1603–1641)
Jayaditya Singha (1641–1644)
Sutingphaa (1644–1648)
Jayadhwaj Singha (1648–1663)
Chakradhwaj Singha (1663–1670)
Udayaaditya Singha (1670–1672)
Ramadhwaj Singha (1672–1674)
Suhunga (1674–1675)
Gobar (1675–1675)
Sujinphaa (1675–1677)
Sudoiphaa (1677–1679)
Ratnadhwaj Singha (1679–1681)
Gadadhar Singha (1681–1696)
Rudra Singha (1696–1714)
Siba Singha (1714–1744)
Pramatta Singha (1744–1751)
Rajeswar Singha (1751–1769)
Lakshmi Singha (1769–1780)
Gaurinath Singha (1780–1795)
Kamaleswar Singha (1795–1811)
Chandrakanta Singha (1811–1818)
Purandar Singha (1818–1819)
Chandrakanta Singha (1819–1821)
Jogeshwar Singha (1821–1822)
Purandar Singha (1833–1838)

Manikya dynasty (c. 1400–1949)

Maha Manikya c.1400–1431
Dharma Manikya I 1431–1462
Ratna Manikya I 1462–c.1487
Pratap Manikya c.1487
Vijaya Manikya I 1488
Mukut Manikya 1489
Dhanya Manikya 1490–1515
Dhwaja Manikya 1515–1520
Deva Manikya 1520–1530
Indra Manikya I 1530–1532
Vijaya Manikya II 1532–1563
Ananta Manikya 1563–1567
Udai Manikya 1567–1573
Joy Manikya I 1573–1577
Amar Manikya 1577–1585
Rajdhar Manikya I 1586–1600
Ishwar Manikya 1600
Yashodhar Manikya 1600–1623
Kalyan Manikya 1626–1660
Govinda Manikya 1660–1661 (first reign)
Chhatra Manikya 1661–1667
Govinda Manikya 1667–1673 (second reign)
Rama Manikya 1673–1685
Ratna Manikya II 1685–1693 (first reign)
Narendra Manikya 1693–1695
Ratna Manikya II 1695–1712 (second reign)
Mahendra Manikya 1712–1714
Dharma Manikya II 1714–1725 (first reign)
Jagat Manikya 1725–1729
Dharma Manikya II 1729 (second reign)
Mukunda Manikya 1729–1739
Joy Manikya II 1739–1744
Indra Manikya II 1744–1746
Vijaya Manikya III 1746–1748
Lakshman Manikya c. 1750s
Krishna Manikya 1760–1783
Rajdhar Manikya II 1785–1806
Rama Ganga Manikya 1806–1809 (first reign)
Durga Manikya 1809–1813
Rama Ganga Manikya 1813–1826 (second reign)
Kashi Chandra Manikya 1826–1829
Krishna Kishore Manikya 1829–1849
Ishan Chandra Manikya 1849–1862
Bir Chandra Manikya 1862–1896
Radha Kishore Manikya 1896–1909
Birendra Kishore Manikya 1909–1923
Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya 1923–1947
Kirit Bikram Kishore Manikya 1947–1949
Kirit Bikram Kishore Manikya 1949–2006 (Tripura after mergered with India)
Pradyot Kishore Manikya 2006–Present

Baro-Bhuyan (1576-1632)

Isa Khan
Musa Khan (Bengal Ruler)
Masum Khan

Musunuri Nayaks (1323–1368)

There were at least two Musunuri Nayak rulers:

Musunuri Prolaya Nayudu (1323–1333)
Musunuri Kapaya Nayak (1333–1368)

Reddy dynasty (1325–1548)

Prolaya Vema Reddy (1325–1335)
Anavota Reddy (1335–1364)
Anavema Reddy (1364–1386)
Kumaragiri Reddy (1386–1402)
Kataya Vema Reddy (1395–1414)
Allada Reddy (1414–1423)
Veerabhadra Reddy (1423–1448)

Vijayanagara Empire (1336–1646)

Sangama dynasty (1336–1487)

Harihara I (Deva Raya) 1336–1343
Bukka I (1343–1379)
Harihara II (1379–1399)
Bukka II (1399–1406)
Deva Raya I (1406–1412)
Vira Vijaya (1412–1419)
Deva Raya II (1419–1444)
(Not known) (1444–1449)
Mallikarjuna (1452–1465)
Rajasekhara (1468–1469)
Virupaksha I (1470–1471)
Praudha Deva Raya (1476–?)
Rajasekhara (1479–1480)
Virupaksha II (1483–1484)
Rajasekhara (1486–1487)

Saluva dynasty (1490–1567)

Narasimha (1490–1503)
Narasa (Vira Narasimha) (1503–1509)
Achyuta (1530–1542)
Sadasiva (1542–1567)

Tuluva dynasty (1491–1570)

Tuluva Narasa Nayaka(1491–1503)
Viranarasimha Raya (1503–1509)
Krishnadevaraya (1509–1529)
Achyuta Deva Raya (1529–1542)
Venkata I (1542)
Sadasiva raya (1543–1576)

Aravidu Dynasty (1542–1646)

Aliya Rama Raya (1542–1565), regent
Tirumala Deva Raya (1570–1572)
Sriranga I (1572–1586)
Venkata II (1586–1614)
Sriranga II (1614)
Venkata III (1630–1642)
Sriranga III (1642-1646)

Gatti Mudalis (15th–17th century)

Vanagamudi Gatti
Immudi Gatti
Gatti Mudali

Mysore

Wodeyar dynasty (first rule, 1371–1761)

Yaduraya Wodeyar or Raja Vijaya Raj Wodeyar (1371–1423)
Hiriya Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar I (1423–1459)
Thimmaraja Wodeyar I (1459–1478)
Hiriya Chamaraja Wodeyar II (1478–1513)
Hiriya bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar III (1513–1553)
Thimmaraja Wodeyar II (1553–1572)
Bola Chamaraja Wodeyar IV (1572–1576)
Bettada Devaraja Wodeyar (1576–1578)
Raja Wodeyar I (1578–1617)
Chamaraja Wodeyar V (1617–1637)
Raja Wodeyar II (1637–1638)
(Ranadhira) Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar I (1638–1659)
Dodda Devaraja Wodeyar (1659–1673)
Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar (1673–1704)
Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar II (1704–1714)
Dodda Krishnaraja Wodeyar I (1714–1732)
Chamaraja Wodeyar VI (1732–1734)
(Immadi) Krishnaraja Wodeyar II (1734–1766), ruled under Hyder Ali from 1761
Nanajaraja Wodeyar (1766–1772), ruled under Hyder Ali
Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar VII (1772–1776), ruled under Hyder Ali
Khasa Chamaraja Wodeyar VIII (1776–1796), ruled under Hyder Ali until 1782, then under Tipu Sultan until his deposition in 1796

The reign of the Kings of Mysore (Wodeyar line) was interrupted from 1761 to 1799.

Hyder Ali’s dynasty of Mysore (1761–1799)

Hyder Ali (1761–1782), Muslim commander deposing the Hindu Maharaja, fought the British and Nizams of Hyderabad in the first of 4 Anglo-Mysore Wars
Tipu Sultan–(1782–1799), son of Hyder Ali, considered the greatest ruler of Mysore, assumed the novel style Badhshah Bahadur of Khudadad (thus claiming the paramountcy of India instead of the Mughal ‘mere’ Badhshah), fought the British, Marathas and Nizams of Hyderabad in the 3 Anglo-Mysore Wars (where iron rockets) were first used, allied to the French and lost.

Wodeyar dynasty (second rule, 1799–1950)

(Mummudi) Krishnaraja Wodeyar III (1799–1868)
Chamaraja Wodeyar IX (1868–1894)
H.H. Vani Vilas Sannidhana, queen of Chamaraja Wodeyar IX served as regent from 1894 to 1902
(Nalvadi) Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV (1894–1940)
Jayachamaraja Wodeyar Bahadur (1940–1950)

Gajapati Empire (1434–1541)

Kapilendra Deva (1434–67)
Purushottama Deva (1467–97)
Prataparudra Deva (1497–1540)
Kalua Deva (1540–41)
Kakharua Deva (1541)

Maharajas of Cochin (1503–1964)

Veerakerala Varma, nephew of Cheraman Perumal Nayanar, is supposed to have been the first king of Cochin around the 7th century. But the records we have start in 1503.

Unniraman Koyikal I (?–1503)
Unniraman Koyikal II (1503–1537)
Veera Kerala Varma (1537–1565)
Keshava Rama Varma (1565–1601)
Veera Kerala Varma (1601–1615)
Ravi Varma I (1615–1624)
Veera Kerala Varma (1624–1637)
Godavarma (1637–1645)
Veerarayira Varma (1645–1646)
Veera Kerala Varma (1646–1650)
Rama Varma I (1650–1656)
Rani Gangadharalakshmi (1656–1658)
Rama Varma II (1658–1662)
Goda Varma (1662–1663)
Veera Kerala Varma (1663–1687)
Rama Varma III (1687–1693)
Ravi Varma II (1693–1697)
Rama Varma IV (1697–1701)
Rama Varma V (1701–1721)
Ravi Varma III (1721–1731)
Rama Varma VI (1731–1746)
Veera Kerala Varma I (1746–1749)
Rama Varma VII (1749–1760)
Veera Kerala Varma II (1760–1775)
Rama Varma VIII (1775–1790)
Shaktan Thampuran (Rama Varma IX) (1790–1805)
Rama Varma X (1805–1809), Vellarapalli-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in “Vellarapali”)
Veera Kerala Varma III (1809–1828), Karkidaka Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in “karkidaka” month (Kollam Era))
Rama Varma XI (1828–1837), Thulam-Maasathil Theepett1a Thampuran (King who died in “Thulam” month (ME))
Rama Varma XII (1837–1844), Edava-Maasathil Theepett1a Thampuran (King who died in “Edavam” month (ME))
Rama Varma XIII (1844–1851), Thrishur-il Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in “Thrishivaperoor” or Thrishur)
Veera Kerala Varma IV (1851–1853), Kashi-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in “Kashi” or Varanasi)
Ravi Varma IV (1853–1864), Makara Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in “Makaram” month (ME))
Rama Varma XIV (1864–1888), Mithuna Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in “Mithunam” month (ME))
Kerala Varma V (1888–1895), Chingam Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in “Chingam” month (ME))
Rama Varma XV (1895–1914), a.k.a. Rajarshi, abdicated (d. in 1932)
Rama Varma XVI (1915–1932), Madrasil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in Madras or Chennai)
Rama Varma XVII (1932–1941), Dhaarmika Chakravarthi (King of Dharma), Chowara-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in “Chowara”)
Kerala Varma VI (1941–1943), Midukkan (syn: Smart, expert, great) Thampuran
Ravi Varma V (1943–1946), Kunjappan Thampuran (Brother of Midukkan Thampuran)
Kerala Varma VII (1946–1948), Ikya-Keralam (Unified Kerala) Thampuran
Rama Varma XVIII (1948–1964), Pareekshit Thampuran

Mughal Empire (1526–1857)

Zahir ud din Muhammad Babur (1526–1530), descendant of Mongol conqueror Chenghiz Khan and Amir Timur , established the Mughal Empire (one of the 3 states Age of the Islamic Gunpowders) after defeating the Delhi Sultanate
Nasir ud din Muhammad Humayun (1530–1540), temporarily lost his empire to the Afghan warrior Sher Shah Suri after being defeated by him, restored his rule after defeating Adil Shah Suri in 1556.
Jalal ud din Muhammad Akbar (Akbar) (1556–1605), considered the greatest of all Mughals, he restored the rule of his dynasty after defeating Hemchandra Vikramaditya. He carried out the biggest expansion of the Mughal Empire in Northern India. He was known for his many victories in battle.
Nur ud din Muhammad Jahangir (1605–1627), known in legends as Shehzada Salim. Mainly focused on the North-Eastern frontiers.
Shahab-ud-din Shah Jahan (1627–1657), constructed the Taj Mahal, which is often regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the World
Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir (1658–1707), expanded the Mughal Empire to its greatest extent, ruling over most of South Asia and Afghanistan
Muhammad Azam Shah (1707)
Bahadur Shah I (1707–1712)
Jahandar Shah (1712–1713)
Farrukh Siyar (1713–1719)
Rafi ud Darajat (1719)
Rafi ud Daulah (1719)
Nikusiyar (1719)
Muhammad Shah (first rule, 1719–1720)
Muhammad Ibrahim (1720)
Muhammad Shah (restored) (1720–1748)
Ahmad Shah Bahadur (1748–1754)
Alamgir II (1754–1759)
Shah Jahan III (1760)
Shah Alam II (1759–1806)
Akbar Shah II (1806–1837)
Bahadur Shah Zafar (1837–1857)

Suri dynasty (1540–1555)

Sher Shah (1540–1545), seized the Mughal Empire after defeating the second Mughal Emperor Humayun
Islam Shah Suri (1545–1554)
Firuz Shah Suri (1554)
Muhammad Adil Shah (1554–1555)
Ibrahim Shah Suri (1555)
Sikandar Shah Suri (1554–1555)
Adil Shah Suri (1555–1556)

Chogyal rulers of Sikkim and Ladakh (1642–1975)

1. 1642–1670 Phuntsog Namgyal (1604–1670) Ascended the throne and was consecrated as the first Chogyal of Sikkim. Made the capital in Yuksom.

2. 1670–1700 Tensung Namgyal (1644–1700) Shifted capital to Rabdentse from Yuksom.

3. 1700–1717 Chakdor Namgyal (1686–1717) His half-sister Pendiongmu tried to dethrone Chakdor, who fled to Lhasa, but was reinstated as king with the help of Tibetans.

4. 1717–1734 Gyurmed Namgyal (1707–1733) Sikkim was attacked by Nepalis.

5. 1734–1780 Phuntsog Namgyal II (1734–1780) Nepalis raided Rabdentse, the then capital of Sikkim.

6. 1780–1793 Tenzing Namgyal (1769–1793) Chogyal fled to Tibet, and later died there in exile.

7. 1793–1863 Tsugphud Namgyal (1785–1863) The longest-reigning Chogyal of Sikkim. Shifted the capital from Rabdentse to Tumlong. Treaty of Titalia in 1817 between Sikkim and British India was signed in which territories lost to Nepal were appropriated to Sikkim. Darjeeling was gifted to British India in 1835. Two Britons, Dr. Arthur Campbell and Dr. Joseph Dalton Hooker were captured by the Sikkimese in 1849. Hostilities between British India and Sikkim continued and led to a treaty signed, in which Darjeeling was ceded to the British Raj.

8. 1863–1874 Sidkeong Namgyal, (1819–1874)

9. 1874–1914 Thutob Namgyal (1860–1914) John Claude White appointed as the first political officer in Sikkim in 1889. Capital shifted from Tumlong to Gangtok in 1894.

10. 1914 Sidkeong Tulku Namgyal (1879–1914) The shortest-reigning Chogyal of Sikkim, ruled from 10 February to 5 December 1914. Died of heart failure, aged 35, in most suspicious circumstances.

11. 1914–1963 Tashi Namgyal (1893–1963) Treaty between India and Sikkim was signed in 1950, giving India suzerainty over Sikkim.

12. 1963–1975 Palden Thondup Namgyal, (1923–1982)

Maratha Empire (1674–1818)

Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaj era

Shivaji (born on 19 February 1630, crowned on 6 June 1674; and died on 3 April 1680)
Sambhaji (1680–1689), elder son of Shivaji
Rajaram Chhatrapati (1689–1700), younger son of Shivaji
Tarabai, regent (1700–1707), widow of Chhatrapati Rajaram
Shivaji II (b. 1696, ruled 1700–14); first of the Kolhapur Chhatrapatis

The Empire was divided between two branches of the family c. 1707–10; and the division was formalized in 1731.

Bhosale Chhatrapatis at Kolhapur (1700–1947)

Shivaji II (b. 1696, ruled 1700–14)
Sambhaji II of Kolhapur (b. 1698, r. 1714–60)
Rajmata Jijibai of Kolhapur|Rajmata Jijibai, regent (1760–73), senior widow of Sambhaji II
Rajmata Durgabai of Kolhapur|Rajmata Durgabai, regent (1773–79), junior widow of Sambhaji II
Shahu Shivaji II of Kolhapur (r. 1762–1813); adopted by Jijibai, his predecessor’s senior widow
Sambhaji III of Kolhapur (b. 1801, r. 1813–21)
Shivaji III of Kolhapur (b. 1816, r. 1821–22) (council of regency)
Shahaji I of Kolhapur (b. 1802, r. 1822–38)
Shivaji IV of Kolhapur (b. 1830, r. 1838–66)
Rajaram I of Kolhapur (r. 1866–70)
Council of regency (1870–94)
Shivaji V of Kolhapur (b. 1863, r. 1871–83); adopted by his predecessor’s widow
Rajarshi Shahu IV of Kolhapur (b. 1874, r. 1884–1922); adopted by his predecessor’s widow
Rajaram II of Kolhapur (b. 1897 r. 1922–40)
Indumati Tarabai of Kolhapur, regent (1940–47), widow of Rajaram II
Shivaji VI of Kolhapur (b. 1941, r. 1941–46); adopted by his predecessor’s widow
Shahaji II of Kolhapur (b. 1910, r. 1947, d. 1983); formerly Maharaja of Dewas Senior; adopted by Indumati Tarabai, widow of Rajaram II

The state acceded unto the Dominion of India following the independence of India in 1947.

Bhosale Chhatrapatis at Satara (1707–1839)

Shahu I (1708–1749). Son of Sambhaji I.
Ramaraja (1749–1777). Grandson of Rajaram and Tarabai; adopted son of Shahu I.
Shahu II of Satara (1777–1808). Son of Ramaraja.
Pratapsinh (1808–1839)
Shahaji III (1839–1848)
Pratapsinh I (adopted)
Rajaram III
Pratapsinh II
Raja Shahu III (1918–1950)

The Peshwas (1713–1858)

Technically they were not monarchs, but hereditary prime ministers, though in fact they ruled instead of the Chhatrapati (Maratha emperor) after death of Chattrapati Shahu, and were hegemon of the Maratha confederation.

Balaji Vishwanath (1713–2 April 1720) (b. 1660, died 2 April 1720)
Peshwa Bajirao I (17 April 1720 – 28 April 1740) (b. 18 August 1700, died 28 April 1740)
Balaji Bajirao (4 July 1740 – 23 June 1761) (b. 8 December 1721, d. 23 June 1761)
Madhavrao Ballal (1761–18 November 1772) (b. 16 February 1745, d. 18 November 1772)
Narayanrao Bajirao (13 Dec 1772–30 August 1773) (b. 10 August 1755, d. 30 August 1773)
Raghunath Rao Bajirao (5 Dec 1773–1774) (b. 18 August 1734, d. 11 December 1783)
Sawai Madhavrao (1774–27 October 1795) (b. 18 April 1774, d. 27 October 1795)
Baji Rao II (6 Dec 1796–3 June 1818) (d. 28 January 1851)
Nana Sahib (1 July 1857 – 1858) (b. 19 May 1825, d. 24 September 1859)

Bhosale Maharajas of Thanjavur (?–1799)

Descended from a brother of Shivaji; ruled independently and had no formal relationship with the Maratha Empire.

Ekoji I
Shahuji I of Thanjavur
Serfoji I
Tukkoji
Ekoji II
Sujanbai
Shahuji II of Thanjavur
Pratapsingh of Thanjavur (r. 1737–63)
Tulojirao Bhonsle of Thanjavur (b. 1738, r. 1763–87), elder son of Pratapasimha
Serfoji II of Thanjavur (r. 1787–93 & 1798–99, d. 1832); adoptive son of Tuloji Bhonsle
Ramaswami Amarasimha Bhonsle (r. 1793–98); younger son of Pratapasimha

The state was annexed by the British in 1799.

Bhosale Maharajas of Nagpur (1799–1881)

Raghoji I (1738–1755)
Janoji (1755–1772)
Sabaji (1772–1775)
Mudhoji I (1775–1788)
Raghoji II (1788–1816)
Parsoji Bhonsle (1800–1850

)

Mudhoji II (1816–1818)
Raghoji III (1818–1853)
The kingdom was annexed by the British on 13 March 1854 under the Doctrine of Lapse.

Holkar rulers of Indore (1731–1948)

Malharrao Holkar (I) (r. 2 November 1731 – 19 May 1766)
Malerao Khanderao Holkar (r. 23 August 1766 – 5 April 1767)
Punyaslok Rajmata Ahilyadevi Holkar (r. 5 April 1767 – 13 August 1795)
Tukojirao Holkar (I) (r. 13 August 1795 – 29 January 1797)
Kashirao Tukojirao Holkar (r. 29 January 1797 – 1798)
Yashwantrao Holkar (I) (r. 1798–27 November 1811)
Malharrao Yashwantrao Holkar II (r. November 1811–27 October 1833)
Martandrao Malharrao Holkar (r. 17 January 1834 – 2 February 1834)
Harirao Vitthojirao Holkar (r. 17 April 1834 – 24 October 1843)
Khanderao Harirao Holkar II (r. 13 November 1843 – 17 February 1844)
Tukojirao Gandharebhau Holkar II (r. 27 June 1844 – 17 June 1886)
Shivajirao Tukojirao Holkar (r. 17 June 1886 – 31 January 1903)
Tukojirao Shivajirao Holkar III (r. 31 January 1903 – 26 February 1926)
Yashwantrao Holkar II (r. 26 February 1926 – 1961)

Following the independence of India in 1947, the state acceded unto the Dominion of India. The monarchy was ended in 1948, but the title is still held by Usha Devi Maharaj Sahiba Holkar XV Bahadur, Maharani of Indore since 1961.

Scindia of Gwalior (1731–1947)

Ranojirao Scindia (1731–19 July 1745)
Jayapparao Scindia (1745–25 July 1755)
Jankojirao I Scindia (25 July 1755 – 15 January 1761). Born 1745
Meharban Dattaji Rao Scindia, Regent (1755–10 January 1760). Died 1760
Vacant 15 January 1761–25 November 1763
Kedarjirao Scindia (25 November 1763 – 10 July 1764)
Manajirao Scindia Phakade (10 July 1764 – 18 January 1768)
Mahadaji Scindia (18 January 1768 – 12 February 1794). Born c. 1730, died 1794
Daulatrao Scindia (12 February 1794 – 21 March 1827). Born 1779, died 1827
Jankoji Rao Scindia II (18 June 1827 – 7 February 1843). Born 1805, died 1843
Jayajirao Scindia (7 February 1843 – 20 June 1886). Born 1835, died 1886
Madho Rao Scindia (20 June 1886 – 5 June 1925). Born 1876, died 1925
George Jivajirao Scindia (Maharaja 5 June 1925 – 15 August 1947, Rajpramukh 28 May 1948 – 31 October 1956, later Rajpramukh). Born 1916, died 1961

Following the independence of India in 1947, the state acceded unto the Dominion of India.

Madhavrao Scindia (6 February 1949; died 2001)
Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia (born 1 January 1971)

Gaekwad dynasty of Baroda (1721–1947)

Pilaji Rao Gaekwad (1721–1732)
Damaji Rao Gaekwad (1732–1768)
Govind Rao Gaekwad (1768–1771)
Sayaji Rao Gaekwad I (1771–1789)
Manaji Rao Gaekwad (1789–1793)
Govind Rao Gaekwad (restored) (1793–1800)
Anand Rao Gaekwad (1800–1818)
Sayaji Rao Gaekwad II (1818–1847)
Ganpat Rao Gaekwad (1847–1856)
Khande Rao Gaekwad (1856–1870)
Malhar Rao Gaekwad (1870–1875)
Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III (1875–1939)
Pratap Singh Gaekwad (1939–1951)

The Muslim vassals of the Mughal/British Paramountcy (1707–1856)

Nawabs of Bengal (1707–1770)

Murshid Quli Jafar Khan (1707–1727)
Sujauddin Khan (1727–1739)
Sarfraz Khan (1739–1740)
Alivardi Khan (1740–1756)
Siraj Ud Daulah (1756–1757)
Mir Jafar (1757–1760)
Mir Qasim (1760–1763)
Mir Jafar (1763–1765)
Najm ud Daulah (1765–1766)
Saif ud Daulah (1766–1770)

Nawabs of Oudh (1719–1858)

Saadat Ali Khan I (1719–1737)
Safdarjung (1737–1753)
Shuja-ud-Daula (1753–1775)
Asaf-ud-Daula (1775–1797)
Wazir Ali Khan (1797–1798)
Saadat Ali Khan II (1798–1814)
Ghazi-ud-Din Haider (1814–1827)
Nasiruddin Haider (1827–1837)
Muhammad Ali Shah (1837–1842)
Amjad Ali Shah (1842–1847)
Wajid Ali Shah (1847–1856)
Birjis Qadra (1856–1858)

Nizams of Hyderabad (1720–1948)

Mir Qamaruddin Khan, Nizal ul Mulk, Asif Jah I (1720–1748)
Mir Ahmed Ali Khan Nasir Jang Nazam-ud-Dowlah (1748–1750)
Nawab Hidayat Mohuddin Sa’adu’llah Khan Bahadur, Muzaffar Jang (1750–1751)
Nawab Syed Mohammed Khan, Amir ul Mulk, Salabat Jang (1751–1762)
Nawab Mir Nizam Ali Khan Bahadur, Nizam ul Mulk, Asif Jah II (1762–1803)
Nawab Mir Akbar Ali Khan Sikandar Jah, Asif Jah III (1803–1829)
Nawab Mir Farkhonda Ali Khan Nasir-ud-Daulah, Asif Jah IV (1829–1857)
Nawab Mir Tahniat Ali Khan Afzal ud Daulah, Asif Jah V (1857–1869)
Nawab Mir Mahboob Ali Khan, Asif Jah VI (1869–1911)
Nawab Mir Osman Ali Khan, Asif Jah VII (1911–1948)

Travancore (1729–1949)

Marthanda Varma (1729–1758)
Dharma Raja (1758–1798)
Balarama Varma (1798–1810)
Gowri Lakshmi Bayi (1810–1815)
Gowri Parvati Bayi (1815–1829)
Swathi Thirunal (1829–1846)
Uthram Thirunal (1846–1860)
Ayilyam Thirunal (1860–1880)
Visakham Thirunal (1880–1885)
Moolam Thirunal (1885–1924)
Sethu Lakshmi Bayi (1924–1931)
Chithira Thirunal (1931–1949)

Sikh Empire (1801–1849)

Maharaja Ranjit Singh (b. 1780, crowned 12 April 1801; d. 1839)
Kharak Singh (b. 1801, d. 1840), eldest son of Ranjit Singh
Nau Nihal Singh (b. 1821, d. 1840), grandson of Ranjit Singh
Chand Kaur (b. 1802, d. 1842) was briefly Regent
Sher Singh (b. 1807, d. 1843), son of Ranjit Singh
Duleep Singh (b. 1838, crowned 1843, d. 1893), youngest son of Ranjit Singh

The British Empire annexed the Punjab c. 1845–49; after the First and Second Anglo-Sikh Wars

Jammu and Kashmir (1846–1952)

Ruler	Reign	Notes
Gulab Singh	1846–1856	Founder of Dogra dynasty and the first Maharaja of the Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir, the second largest princely state under the British Raj, which was created after the defeat of the Sikh Empire in the First Anglo-Sikh War. The Treaty of Amritsar (1846) formalised the sale by the British to Gulab Singh for 7,500,000 Nanakshahee Rupees of all the lands in Jammu and Kashmir that were ceded to them by the Sikhs by the Treaty of Lahore.
Ranbir Singh	1856–1885	Ascended the throne in 1856 after Gulab Singh’s abdication due to poor health. He allied with the British during the Sepoy Mutiny. Unlike European women and children, Indian mutineers were not allowed to take refuge in his state. He also sent his troops to help the British to besiege Delhi. He was subsequently rewarded for his behaviour during the mutiny. He went on to annex Gilgit which had previously witnessed a rebellion against the state. He also established a modern judicial system. Civil and criminal laws were compiled into the Ranbir Penal Code during his reign.
Pratap Singh	1885–1925	Reigned for 40 years from 1885 to 1925, the longest of the all the Dogra rulers. Out of the four Dogra rulers, Maharaja Pratap Singh’s era was a period of enlightenment for his subjects, particularly for Kashmiris. He established local self governing bodies, democratic processes, educational systems, health care and hygiene and infrastructure development during his reign. A beginning was made in local self-government by establishing municipalities at Jammu, Srinagar, Sopore and Baramulla. By 1925, then Kashmir, particularly Srinagar had undergone significant social and cultural transformation.
Hari Singh	1925–1952	Ascended the throne following the death of his uncle, Maharaja Pratap Singh in 1925. He made primary education compulsory in the state, introduced laws prohibiting child marriage, and opened places of worship to the low castes. He signed the Instrument of Accession of Jammu and Kashmir to the Union of India on 26 October 1947, through which the Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir became a part of the Dominion of India. He remained the titular Maharaja of the state until 1952, when the monarchy was abolished by Government of India under Jawaharlal Nehru.
Karan Singh (Prince Regent)	1949-1952	Appointed as Prince Regent of Jammu and Kashmir in 1949, at age of eighteen and served till the monarchy’s abolition in 1952. He was appointed ‘Sadr-e-Riyasat’ (‘Head of State’) in 1952 and Governor of the State in 1964.